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2021年上海市崇明区高考英语二模试卷-含答案与解析

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2021年上海市崇明区高考英语二模试卷

Ⅰ.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections： In Section A， you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation， a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it， read the four possible answers on your paper， and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1．（1分）A． In a bank． B． In a hotel． C． In a clinic． D． In a university． 2．（1分）A. A toy designer. B. A shop assistant. C. A train conductor. D. A school teacher. 3．（1分）A. Frank. B. Aggressive. C. Inconsiderate. D. Responsible.

4．（1分）A. Their physics class. B. Correcting a mistake. C. The mid﹣term exam. D. Finding a private teacher. 5．（1分）A. Take a later train. B. Go to the city on weekdays. C. Wait another 20 minutes. D. Check the weekend schedule. 6．（1分）A. He doesn't like shopping. B. He doesn't want to attend the wedding. C. His suit fits James well.

D. His suit is too old to wear.

7．（1分）A. She can help the man tomorrow. B. The man should leave the library. C. The library will hire more people. D. It's normal for that period of time. 8．（1分）A. Work as an adviser for the club. B. Ask the professor to head the club. C. Introduce the professor to the woman.

D. Advise the woman to join the biology department. 9．（1分）A. Her brother doesn't want to transfer. B. She doesn't think her brother should transfer. C. Her brother is trying to talk with her.

D. She's talked to her brother since he transferred. 10．（1分）A. The man likes Dr. White's lessons. B. The man has dropped the course. C. The woman can skip the experiments. D. The woman has to continue the course.

Section BDirections： In Section B， you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation， you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice， but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question， read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.

11．（4.5分）（1）A. Sixty﹣one percent of the world's food is wasted every year. B. Wasted food is mostly from stores and food service companies. C. Food waste is more serious in rich countries than in poor countries. D. Lack of cold storage is the main cause of food waste in poor countries. （2）A. Cutting food prices. B. Stopping the destruction of nature. C. Eliminating starvation.

D. Lessening carbon dioxide emissions. （3）A. Improper ways of manufacturing food. B. High frequency of food promotion. C. Unclear instructions on food containers. D. Lack of deadlines for food consumption.

12．（4.5分）（1）A. Reducing the working hours of food delivery riders. B. Classing food delivery riders as company﹣employed. C. Ensuring the use of new technology in food delivery. D. Defining the duties of food delivery companies and riders. （2）A. To ensure the riders' rights. B. To publicize the digital processes. C. To promote the digital economy. D. To improve food delivery service. （3）A. It lowers the riders' pay. B. It restricts customers' freedom. C. It reduces the number of riders. D. It harms intellectual property rights. 13．（6分）（1）A. Their collections of albums. B. Their different habits of enjoying music. C. The living of musicians.

D. The various means of streaming music. （2）A. They are shared too widely. B. They harm the rights of music lovers. C. They ignore the popular songs. D. They only focus on a part of an album. （3）A. To avoid advertisements. B. To listen to music of higher quality. C. To access better playlists.

D. To save storage space on the phone.

（4）A. To get free quality songs. B. To enjoy music conveniently. C. To value the work of musicians. D. To communicate with music fans.

Ⅰ.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank. 14．（10分）

Photographers Turn Their Cameras on Pets

In 2019 photographers Kendrick Brinson and David Walter Banks visited 14 countries on assignment. When the couple described the adventures （1） they had experienced when photographing， people invariably asked， \"But who takes care of your four cats and dogs？\" They joked that the pet sitter （临时看护宠物的人） made a lot of money.

But 2020 couldn't have been（2）（different）. Due to COVID﹣19， Brinson and Banks never left the United States. Often， they didn't even leave their Los Angeles neighborhood. （3） spending long hours in airport security lines and waiting for the perfect lighting， the pair stayed along with dogs Tux and Tia and cats Rex and Kudzu. \"Our pets became emotional therapy animals，and our only friends we could safely hug in a world（4）（strike） by a deadly pandemic （大流行病），\" Banks said.

As COVID﹣19 lockdowns swept across the world in March of 2020， the change made an especially great impact on photographers， who are accustomed to （5）（spend） long periods abroad. And so many cameras （6）（turn） on a domestic subject： the pet.

Research suggests that pets have offered emotional support during the pandemic， helping （7）（make） the long days of isolation more bearable， says Emily McCobb， a clinical associate professor at Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at

Tufts University. In fact， the pandemic has sped up a trend， according to McCobb's and other scientists' observation，（8） the pet is becoming a member of the family. \"In the past 20 to 30 years， the role of the pet in the family （9）（take） on a whole new role，\" says McCobb. \"It really hasn't been that long （10） these furry child substitutes gained this kind of importance in American society.\"

Section BDirections： Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 15．（10分）

A. vacant B. raised C. acknowledges D. quoted E. alerts F. colonial G. housed H. former I. recommendations J. requests K. reviews

Museums Rethink What to Do with Their African Art Collections

Recently， a discussion is happening in museums around the world over the volume of African art in their collections. Officials in Germany and the Netherlands have announced plans to return art and artifacts taken from Africa during the （1） period. And more museum staff are meeting on the topic across Europe.

According to the most commonly （2） figures from UNESCO（United Nations Educational， Scientific and Cultural Organization）， 90% to 95% of sub﹣Saharan cultural artifacts are（3） outside Africa. Many were taken by force long ago and ended up in museums across Europe and North America.

At the Africa Museum in Belgium， director Guido Gryseels says 85 percent of the museum's collection comes from the Congo ﹣ the site of Belgium's（4） colony in Central Africa. For decades， Congolese leaders have asked for these objects to be returned. Most of their （5） and those by African countries to other museums， have been refused.

But recent events in Europe have （6） the possibility of returns at a much larger scale. In addition to the plans announced in Germany， last year France conducted a study of how much African art French museums are holding and made （7） about what to do with it

The study recommended the return of a wide range of objects taken by force. The

suggestion got mixed（8） in France， where there are at least 90，000 African items in museums.

In France， some people have suggested returns could leave shelves （9） in French museums. Gdeile Fromont， a French historian of Central African art， says that's not going to happen. One way of thinking about it， she says， is that more African art can go on display.

However， Guido Gryseels of the Africa Museum in Belgium （10） that attitudes are changing. He says he's in discussion with the Congo to return works. Ⅰ.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

16．（15分）Around 13，000 years ago North America had a wider variety of mammals（哺乳动物） than modern Africa. There were multiple horse species， camels and some now﹣extinct animals. And such （1） creatures were not just found in North America. On every continent mammals on average were a lot larger from around 2.5 million until about 11，700 years ago.

Scientists have long debated what caused all these large creatures to go extinct while many of the smaller ones （2） . A team of researchers led by biologist Felisa Smith analyzed evidence from millions of years' worth of mammalian extinctions and found that on each continent large mammals started to （3） around the same time humans first showed up.

If the extinction trend continues， many more large mammals will soon disappear as well， as the primary threats from humans have （4） from overhunting to indirect processes such as habitat loss. In their new study Smith and her team analyzed a database of all land mammals that lived from 65 million years ago until today. \"We found （5） no effect of climate on mammalian extinction over 65 million years，\" she says. But starting around 125，000 years ago and continuing until today， large mammals have been more likely to go extinct than smaller ones， the researchers found. The average（6） of surviving mammals has decreased as a result. And those large﹣

mammal extinctions are tightly coupled with the （7） of humans. For most of mammalian （8） history， an animal's size was not predictive of its extinction risk. That （9） only appeared once humans began to live alongside large mammals.

This finding does not mean climate﹣related changes could not have（10） some wildlife populations， enabling humans to more easily bring about their eventual downfall，（11） it suggests the greater likelihood of large mammals going extinct is tied to human activities. The animals that evolved without the risk of hunting from humans were suddenly faced with a new（12） . They simply could not（13） fast enough to survive the invasion of humans.

Smith says the lesson to be learned from the new findings is that our ancestors prepared us to be extremely skillful killers. \"What's（14） now，\" she says，\"is that some of us are comfortable enough，have a high enough standard of living，that we can start thinking about our use of die Earth.\" Rather than simply behaving as （15）， many of us are now in a position to become environmental protectors.

（1）A. smart （2）A. survived （3）A. hide away （4）A. faded （5）A. absolutely （6）A. weight （7）A. production （8）A. recorded （9）A. link （10）A. enlarged （11）A. Moreover

B. massive B. shrank B. make off B. restored B. predictably B. speed B. appearance B. contemporary B. contact B. stressed B. Otherwise

C. marine C. escaped C. breakup C. improved C. exclusively C. size C. exploration C. evolutionary C. adaptation C. impressed C. Meanwhile

D. ancient D. returned D. die out D. expanded D. potentially D. appetite D. cruelty D. ancient D. distinction D. dominated D. Rather

（12）A. species （13）A. grow （14）A. instructive （15）A. sponsors

B. hope B. digest B. fashionable B. creators

C. rule C. withdraw C. different C. consumers

D. threat D. adapt D. marvelous D. designers

Section BDirections： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

17．（8分）As the COVID﹣19 pandemic hit hard， fishermen watched their markets dry up. Restaurants ﹣ normally major fish buyers ﹣ closed or cut back orders significantly. Fishermen weren't sure if they were going to get paid for what they fished.

Meanwhile as people lost jobs， food banks started to see a great demand for services. Things were getting desperate， with long lines for food assistance in many states. Out of these dual crises， a new idea was born. Food assistance programs across the country have started connecting with local fishermen to stock upon local seafood， many for the first time. And the arrangement seems to be helping the fishermen， the economy and those in need of healthy food.

According to Catherine D'Amato， CEO of the Greater Boston Food Bank， the network usually keeps four or five weeks of food on hand in case of emergencies. The pandemic hit， and \"we found ourselves below one week of stock and going down rapidly，\" she says. That's because the food bank normally distributes about 1 million pounds of food a week， and that became 2.5 million pounds of food a week， D'Amato says. While Congress and the states have increased funding and donations for food banks during the pandemic， it hasn't been enough.

\"For many years，we have been wanting to be able to work with organizations in the fishing industry，\" D'Amato says. But it's complicated. Fishermen catch a lot of big fish， and food banks who might take it need the products to be cut small and easy to use for customers. It also has to be fish they know and recognize. The barriers have been too high in many places to make it work. But this spring， the state department of agriculture

connected the food bank with some grant makers. They talked to some local fishermen about developing a traditional New England fish soup.

The grants paid fishermen for their catch and provided money for a local manufacturer to process， freeze and deliver the soup to food banks in family﹣size servings. The soup is helping to feed families and keep fishermen fishing. The fishermen hope to sell it in stores soon， and D'Amato hopes to purchase more soup and expand into new seafood products for her customers.

（1）The passage is mainly about .

A. the food shortage during the COVID﹣19 pandemic B. the cooperation between fishermen and food banks C. the dramatic impact the pandemic had on fishermen D. the new seafood product manufactured for food banks （2）What do \"dual crises\" in paragraph 3 refer to？

A. Fishermen's difficulty in storing seafood and the decline of the economy. B. Fishermen's difficulty in selling fish and food banks' need for more food. C. The closure of restaurants and food banks' great demand for food assistance. D. Many people's unemployment and many states' bad services in food industry. （3）According to paragraph 5， Catherine D'Amato thinks that . A. fishermen should start to process fish B. many fishes are unknown to customers. C. there's a gap between supply and need D. the fishing organizations are too independent

（4）It can be learned from the passage that the fish soup . A. increases fishermen's productivity B. is commonly consumed by local fishermen C. makes food banks rethink their products D. is produced by food banks in a traditional way 18．（6分）

Who we need

We are looking for talented and passionate people to work for health. WHO is committed to achieving workforce variety， aiming to achieve a broad representation of nationals of our member countries. Particular attention is paid to candidates from developing countries and gender filled in accordance with WHOs ability model.

There are two key categories of staff at WHO：professionals（P）or directors（D）who are internationally recruited （招募） and general（G）or national professional（NPO）staff who are recruited locally for both fixed or short﹣term positions. We also run internship（实习）and opportunities for junior professional officers（JPOs）. Internationally recruited （P Locally recruited （G or Internships or D） Professional directors

staff are

NPO）

We offer internships for

students

with

and General Service staff are current

hired hired locally at the respective educational background in

internationally and occupy duty station. Their main role public health， management leadership

functions

or is to work with and support or administration fields.

recruited

positions that require a internationally

significant level of technical staff in their roles and to knowledge. P or D staff are assure mobile and are expected to functioning work across the globe.

the

smooth

all

administrative matters. National

Professional

Officers are nationals of the country in which they serve and perform functions of a professional nature requiring local

knowledge

，

professional knowledge and

experience.

Junior professional officer Recruitment restrictions programme The

Junior

Please note the following restrictions on recruitment：

Professional Relatives of WHO Staff： Except where another equally

Officer （JPO） Programme well qualified person cannot be recruited， appointment provides young professionals shall not be granted to a person who bears any of the at an early stage in their following relationships to a staff member： father， career

with

practical mother， son， daughter， brother or sister.

experience in international Candidates under the age of 20 and above the age of 62 will technical cooperation. JPOs not be considered for any vacancy. are sponsored

their Policy on Non﹣Recruitment of Smokers： WHO has a

smoke﹣free environment and does not recruit smokers who do， not indicate a willingness to stop smoking. This policy underscores the Organization's commitment to promoting a smoke﹣free environment.

（1）The above webpage aims at . A. recruiting volunteers for WHO

B. achieving a broad representation of nationals C. explaining the functions of WHO

D. providing information about WHO positions

（2）What kind of applicants will definitely be turned down according to the restrictions？ A. Males in their later 60s.

B. People who have health problems. C. Children of WHO staff.

D. Candidates with a smoking history.

（3）What can be learned from the webpage？ A. General Service staff are recruited all around the world. B. Junior Professional Officers work for local governments.

respective governments.

C. Current students majoring in engineering can apply for internships. D. Professionals and directors are an internationally mobile workforce.

19．（8分）A seismic （地震的；重大的） shift in climate science might be heating up. New research shows that sound waves produced by earthquakes can be used to measure temperatures in the ocean which traps 90% of the heat Earth absorbs from the sun， making long﹣term changes in ocean warmth， a major factor in how the world might respond to global warming.

For years the main approach of measuring ocean temperature has been Argo， an array （阵列） of 4000 automatic floats， which drifts the globe， sampling ocean water and measuring its temperature. Yet Argo measurements stop at 2000 meters.

The new technique called \"Seismic Ocean Thermometry\" would be especially useful in detecting long﹣term changes in ocean temperatures deeper than Argo's reach. \"Ocean Acoustic Tomography\"， the basis for the current research， was first tested nearly 30 years ago. The initial studies created sound waves artificially， basically increasing the volume on giant underwater speakers. Scientists measured the sound's travel time from the speakers to receivers thousands of kilometers away. Because ocean temperatures affect the speed of the waves， the researchers could calculate average temperatures along their paths. But some believed the noise was a threat to ocean life and the technique never took off.

The new study instead uses a natural sound source for investigation： earthquakes making a low， continuous noise beneath the seafloor off the coast of Sumatra that drum up sound waves in the ocean. On the shores of the Chagos Islands in the East Indian Ocean， between 2005 and 2016 Seismic Station Diego Garcia recorded seismic waves produced by those earthquakes. Some of those waves created physical changes in land

and sea as they traveled. Others were sound waves or T waves that moved through the deep ocean， delivering valuable data about ocean temperature.

12 years of data coupled with mathematical models pointed to a temperature change of roughly 0.044 degrees per decade， a trend larger than those predicted by Argo. The findings suggest that Seismic Ocean Thermometry is a feasible method to measure changes in ocean temperature， Further data from other regions of the globe and other timeframes would help improve the warming models and predictions.

And in future studies the researchers plan to listen directly for sound waves， using a network of hydrophones， microphones which detect sound waves under water. Sound waves set the tone for a deep dive into our warming oceans even if they fail to reach 60000 miles under the sea.

（1）What disadvantage does Argo have？ A. Its reach is limited.

B. It takes long to collect samples. C. It doesn't work globally. D. Its prediction isn't reliable at all.

（2）It can be learned that Ocean Acoustic Tomography . A. was tested many times but never succeeded B. remained unpopular for fear of potential harm C. was assumed to be too complicated to be controllable D. measured ocean temperature just as the new research does （3）It can be inferred from the new findings that . A. some warming is working its way deeper into the ocean B. ocean temperature is rising faster owing to earthquakes C. sound travels faster in colder water than in hotter water D. sound waves will slow down the warming of the ocean （4）Which is the best title for the passage？ A. Sound Waves First Applied to Climate Science

B. New Factors Found to Be Heating up the Ocean C. A Natural Approach Holding Back Global Wanning D. Ocean's Hidden Heat Measured with Earthquake Sounds

Section CDirections： Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. 20．（8分）

A.But the challenge is figuring out how to collect the energy from those winds. B.Kite power has the potential to greatly improve on current wind﹣power strategies. C.Wind at these altitudes （海拔高度） is stronger and steadier which increases productivity factors of the system to about 60%.

D.Its plan is to build a kite power station using technology that can collectively generate （产生） large amounts of energy.

E.Nevertheless， they successfully demonstrated that their kites could operate automatically at an altitude of up to 700 meters.

F.After the initial cost of designing and setting up the plant， little additional investment will be necessary， apart from standard maintenance.

Kite Power

The search for new， clean energy sources has occupied the attention of scientists and politicians for years. One common resource for green energy is the wind. A new twist on this old resource could cause the energy output of wind﹣power plants to rise dramatically.

Standard wind﹣power plants rely on fixed support and generally can only reach a height of 200 meters or so. Higher than that， winds tend to be stronger and more persistent. （1） .

Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands and Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences in Germany have formed a kite﹣power research group. The group is working to develop kites with inflatable（可充气的）wings connected to electrical generators on the ground. The research group's goal is to design a kite that can operate on its own for 24 hours. Research has begun， but many challenges remain， including

making the generators more efficient and perfecting the automatic flight control and the structure of the kites.（2） .

Meanwhile， in Italy， researchers are working in a similar power generator that relies on kites. When the generator， called KiteGen， senses the wind blowing， kites are released from the ends of poles with high﹣resistance cables to control their height and angle. These cables are able to move the kites if the system senses incoming objects such as planes， helicopters or even individual birds. The kites themselves are light，tough and able to reach fairly high altitudes. They form a circular shape in the wind， which sets the core of the generator in motion， producing electric current. KiteGen has the potential to be very cost﹣effective in the long run. （3） . The plant also requires relatively little space， which makes it ideal for cities and means that multiple plants can be set up to provide even more energy.

（4） . In the future，it may be an efficient，cost﹣effective addition to the other sources of energy we use， or even a replacement for some of them. Ⅰ.Summary Writing

21．（10分）Directions： Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Robotic Exoskeletons

Thanks to robotic exoskeletons，victims of spinal cord（脊椎）injury have a new reason to hope. Robotic exoskeletons， consisting of metal legs， motors， batteries， wiring， a controller and a set of strips，work together like the user's bones， muscles and nerves ﹣ outside the body. Fastened into an exoskeleton and supported by sticks， users can direct the machinery to take them where they want to go.

partial nerve repair， something that can only happen when a patient is able to move. As promising as this technology is，however， it is no simple cure﹣all for paralysis（瘫痪）or its complications. The motion is not accurate compared with natural walking， and exoskeletons are not easy to use， especially on surfaces that are not smooth. They are very expensive， costing about US＄100，000. Health insurance plans and government programs may not cover the cost of buying one.

Nevertheless， robotic exoskeletons， and access to them， will continue to improve. As with much modem technology， robotic exoskeletons will likely become more capable and easy to use， even as their cost goes down. Governments and insurers may increasingly see that the health benefits of these walking machines outweigh the costs， making it easier to fund them. Perhaps the day will come when nearly everyone paralyzed by spinal cord injury will be able to \"walk\" again.

Ⅰ.TranslationDirections： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.

22．（3分）她为了纪念已故母亲拍了这部电影，却不料大受欢迎。（memory）

23．（3分）这位老人尽管生活条件一般，却似乎很满足于退休后自由自在的生活。（content） 24．（4分）这位刚毕业的年轻老师特别热爱这份工作，不断地追求卓越，所以同事们都寄予他厚望。（pursue）

25．（5分）只有提前了解所申请学校的要求，且充分做准备，你才有可能在面试中脱颖而出。（Only） Ⅰ.Guided Writing

26．（25分）Directions： Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

中华中学为了建设书香校园，计划在教学楼道内设计一些\"读书角\"。为此，学校向广大师生征求意见。假设你是该校学生王宏，给负责的张老师写一封电子邮件，提出你的建议与理由。你的邮件应包括：

1. 对\"读书角\"的内容、布置、管理等的建议； 2. 说明这些建议的理由。

注：文中不得提及你的真实姓名或学校。

参与试题解析

2．（1分）A. A toy designer. B. A shop assistant. C. A train conductor. D. A school teacher. 【分析】略【解答】B 【点评】略 3．（1分）A. Frank. B. Aggressive. C. Inconsiderate. D. Responsible. 【分析】略【解答】A 【点评】略

4．（1分）A. Their physics class. B. Correcting a mistake.

C. The mid﹣term exam. D. Finding a private teacher. 【分析】略【解答】D 【点评】略

5．（1分）A. Take a later train. B. Go to the city on weekdays. C. Wait another 20 minutes. D. Check the weekend schedule. 【分析】略【解答】D 【点评】略

6．（1分）A. He doesn't like shopping. B. He doesn't want to attend the wedding. C. His suit fits James well. D. His suit is too old to wear. 【分析】略【解答】A 【点评】略

7．（1分）A. She can help the man tomorrow. B. The man should leave the library. C. The library will hire more people. D. It's normal for that period of time. 【分析】略【解答】D 【点评】略

8．（1分）A. Work as an adviser for the club. B. Ask the professor to head the club. C. Introduce the professor to the woman.

D. Advise the woman to join the biology department. 【分析】略【解答】C 【点评】略

9．（1分）A. Her brother doesn't want to transfer. B. She doesn't think her brother should transfer. C. Her brother is trying to talk with her.

D. She's talked to her brother since he transferred. 【分析】略【解答】B 【点评】略

10．（1分）A. The man likes Dr. White's lessons. B. The man has dropped the course. C. The woman can skip the experiments. D. The woman has to continue the course. 【分析】略【解答】D 【点评】略

C. Eliminating starvation.

13．（6分）（1）A. Their collections of albums. B. Their different habits of enjoying music. C. The living of musicians.

D. The various means of streaming music. （2）A. They are shared too widely.

B. They harm the rights of music lovers. C. They ignore the popular songs. D. They only focus on a part of an album. （3）A. To avoid advertisements. B. To listen to music of higher quality. C. To access better playlists.

D. To save storage space on the phone. （4）A. To get free quality songs. B. To enjoy music conveniently. C. To value the work of musicians. D. To communicate with music fans. 【分析】略【解答】BDAC 【点评】略

Photographers Turn Their Cameras on Pets

In 2019 photographers Kendrick Brinson and David Walter Banks visited 14 countries on assignment. When the couple described the adventures （1） that/which22 they had experienced when photographing， people invariably asked， \"But who takes care of your four cats and dogs？\" They joked that the pet sitter （临时看护宠物的人） made a lot of money.

But 2020 couldn't have been（2） more different （different）. Due to COVID﹣19， Brinson and Banks never left the United States. Often， they didn't even leave their Los Angeles neighborhood. （3） Instead of / Rather than spending long hours in airport security lines and waiting for the perfect lighting， the pair stayed along with

dogs Tux and Tia and cats Rex and Kudzu. \"Our pets became emotional therapy animals，and our only friends we could safely hug in a world（4） struck / stricken （strike） by a deadly pandemic （大流行病），\" Banks said.

As COVID﹣19 lockdowns swept across the world in March of 2020， the change made an especially great impact on photographers， who are accustomed to （5） spending （spend） long periods abroad. And so many cameras （6） were turned （turn） on a domestic subject： the pet.

Research suggests that pets have offered emotional support during the pandemic， helping （7）（to） make （make） the long days of isolation more bearable， says Emily McCobb， a clinical associate professor at Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University. In fact， the pandemic has sped up a trend， according to McCobb's and other scientists' observation，（8） that the pet is becoming a member of the family. \"In the past 20 to 30 years， the role of the pet in the family （9） has taken （take） on a whole new role，\" says McCobb. \"It really hasn't been that long （10） since these furry child substitutes gained this kind of importance in American society.\"

【分析】本文主要讲述了COVID﹣19这种流行病加速了一种趋势，即宠物正在成为家庭的一员。在过去的20到30年里，宠物在家庭中扮演了一个全新的角色。

【解答】（1）that/which.考查定语从句。句意：当这对夫妇描述他们在摄影时经历的冒险时，人们总是问：\"但是谁来照顾你们的四只猫和狗呢？\"分析句子可知，此处引导的是定语从句，先行词\"adventures（冒险）\"为物，且在从句中作宾语，应用that/which来引导，故可填that/which.

（2）more different.考查比较级。句意：但2020年的情况是不一样的。对比上文提及\"In 2019（2019年）\"，联系语境，此处应用形容词比较级表示\"更加不同的\"。本句含有couldn't，通常和比较级连用，表示肯定的含义，符合句意。故填more different.

（3）Instead of/Rather than.考查固定短语。句意：他们没有在机场的安全线上呆上很长时间，也没有等着完美的照明，而是和狗Tux、Tia、猫Rex和Kudzu一起待在一块。结合上一句讲到\"Often，they didn't even leave their Los Angeles neighborhood （通常，他们甚至没有离开他们在洛杉矶的邻居）\"，由此可知，此处表示\"而不是\"的对比意义，

instead of或rather than表示\"而不是\"，句首单词首字母大写，故填Instead of/Rather than.

（4）struck/stricken.考查过去分词。句意：我们的宠物成了情绪治疗动物，是我们唯一能在一个被致命流行病袭击的世界里安全拥抱的朋友，\"world（世界）\"与\"strike（袭击）\"为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用动词的过去分词作后置定语，表被动意义，\"strike（袭击）\"的过去分词为struck或stricken，故填struck/ stricken.

（5）spending.考查动名词。句意：随着COVID﹣19导致的封城在2020年3月席卷全球，这一变化对习惯在国外花费长时间的摄影师产生了特别大的影响。spend表示\"花费（时间）\"，accustomed to doing表示\"习惯于做某事\"，to是介词，后接动名词作宾语。故填spending.

（6）were turned.考查时态语态。句意：于是，许多照相机都转向了一个家庭话题：宠物。\"cameras（照相机）\"与\"turn（转向）\"为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用动词的被动语态be done作谓语表被动意义，结合本段时态可知，本句应该用一般过去时，\"cameras（照相机）\"为第三人称复数，故填were turned.

（7）（to）make.考查不定式。句意：塔夫茨大学（Tufts University）卡明斯兽医学院（Cummings School of V veterinary Medicine）临床副教授艾米莉●麦考布（Emily McCobb）说，研究表明，宠物在流感大流行期间提供了情感支持，有助于让长期隔离的日子更容易忍受。help（to）do是固定搭配，表示\"有助于做某事\"，故填（to）make. （8）that.考查同位语。句意：事实上，根据麦考布和其他科学家的观察，这种流行病加速了一种趋势，即宠物正在成为家庭的一员。分析句子结构可知，句中含有同位语从句，说明\"a trend（一种趋势）\"的内容。从句中不缺少任何成分，所以应用that引导同位语从句。故填that.

（9）has taken.考查时态。句意：在过去的20到30年里，宠物在家庭中扮演的角色已经有了全新的角色。结合句中的\"In the past 20 to 30 years（在过去的20到30年里）\"以及本段整体时态为一般现在时，此处应用现在完成时has/have done，主语\"the role（角色）\"为第三人称单数，故填has taken.

（10）since.考查连词。句意：这些毛茸茸的儿童替代品自从在美国社会获得如此重要的地位真的没多久。联系语境，主句用现在完成时态，因此空格处表示\"自从…\"，应该用since引导时间状语从句，故填since.

【点评】高考语法填空是一道综合性比较强，考查点比较多的一个题型。考查形式分为有提示词以及无提示词，考生要理解语篇，须灵活运用各种语法知识，如单词词性、单词时态、名词单复数、连接词、代词、冠词等判断各空白处应填写的内容。最后再通读全文。

Section BDirections： Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 15．（10分）

A. vacant B. raised C. acknowledges D. quoted E. alerts F. colonial G. housed H. former I. recommendations J. requests K. reviews

Museums Rethink What to Do with Their African Art Collections

Recently， a discussion is happening in museums around the world over the volume of African art in their collections. Officials in Germany and the Netherlands have announced plans to return art and artifacts taken from Africa during the （1） F period. And more museum staff are meeting on the topic across Europe.

According to the most commonly （2） D figures from UNESCO（United Nations Educational， Scientific and Cultural Organization）， 90% to 95% of sub﹣Saharan cultural artifacts are（3） G outside Africa. Many were taken by force long ago and ended up in museums across Europe and North America.

At the Africa Museum in Belgium， director Guido Gryseels says 85 percent of the museum's collection comes from the Congo ﹣ the site of Belgium's（4） H colony in Central Africa. For decades， Congolese leaders have asked for these objects to be returned. Most of their （5） J and those by African countries to other museums， have been refused.

But recent events in Europe have （6） B the possibility of returns at a much larger scale. In addition to the plans announced in Germany， last year France conducted a study of how much African art French museums are holding and made （7） I about what to do with it

The study recommended the return of a wide range of objects taken by force. The suggestion got mixed（8） K in France， where there are at least 90，000 African items

in museums.

In France， some people have suggested returns could leave shelves （9） A in French museums. Gdeile Fromont， a French historian of Central African art， says that's not going to happen. One way of thinking about it， she says， is that more African art can go on display.

However， Guido Gryseels of the Africa Museum in Belgium （10） C that attitudes are changing. He says he's in discussion with the Congo to return works. 【分析】本文讲述世界各地的博物馆都在讨论他们收藏的非洲艺术品的数量，博物馆重新思考如何处理他们的非洲艺术收藏。

【解答】（1）F.考查形容词。根据句意\"德国和荷兰宣布计划归还殖民时期从非洲取走的艺术品和文物。\"可知要填的词为\"colonial殖民地时期的\"，形容词作定语，故选F. （2）D.考查过去分词。根据句意\"根据联合国教科文组织（联合国教育、科学及文化组织）最常引用的数字，撒哈拉以南地区90%至95%的文物存放在非洲以外。\"可知要填的词为\"quoted被引用的\"，和它所修饰的词故选D.

（3）G.考查过去分词。根据句意\"根据联合国教科文组织（联合国教育、科学及文化组织）最常引用的数字，撒哈拉以南地区90%至95%的文物存放在非洲以外。\"可知要填的词为\"housed被安置\"，用过去分词和are构成被动语态，故选G.

（4）H.考查形容词。根据句意\"在比利时的非洲博物馆，馆长GuidoGryseels说，博物馆85%的藏品来自刚果，刚果是比利时在中非的前殖民地。\"可知要填的词为\"former先前的\"，作定语，所以用形容词，故选H.

（5）J.考查名词。根据句意\"他们和非洲国家向其他博物馆提出的大多数要求都遭到了拒绝。\"可知要填的词为\"request请求\"，为可数名词，前面有most，所以用复数名词，故选J.

（6）B.考查过去分词。根据句意\"但最近发生在欧洲的事件增加了大规模投资回报的可能性。\"可知要填的词为\"raise提高\"，故用过去分词和have构成现在完成时态，选B. （7）I.考查名词。根据句意\"除了德国宣布的计划外，去年法国还对法国博物馆收藏的非洲艺术品数量进行了研究，并就如何处理这些艺术品提出了建议。\"可知要填的词为\"recommendation建议\"，为可数名词，所以用复数名词表示不止一个，故选I. （8）K.考查名词。根据句意\"这一建议在法国得到了褒贬不一的评价，那里的博物馆里

至少有9万件非洲物品。\"可知要填的词为\"review评论\"，为可数名词，所以用复数表示不止一个，故选K.

（9）A.考查形容词。根据句意\"在法国，一些人建议退货会让法国博物馆的书架空置。\"可知要填的词为\"vacant空白的\"，形容词作宾补，故选A.

（10）C.考查动词时态。根据句意\"然而，比利时非洲博物馆的GuidoGryseels承认，人们的态度正在改变。\"可知要填的词为\"acknowledge承认\"，描述现状，所以用一般现在时态，主语为专有名词，故选C. 【点评】如何做选词填空 1.根据语法，判断词性

一般的空缺都可以通过其所在的句式结构和句法成分来判断其词性，从而正确的选词，进一步缩小词的选择范围。 2.利用语境，确定词形

当确定了一个单词的词性后，可通过上下文来帮助判断其形式，如动词的人称数，时态，语态，固定短语；名词的数和所有格，形容词，副词的比较级等。

Ⅰ.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

16．（15分）Around 13，000 years ago North America had a wider variety of mammals（哺乳动物） than modern Africa. There were multiple horse species， camels and some now﹣extinct animals. And such （1） B creatures were not just found in North America. On every continent mammals on average were a lot larger from around 2.5 million until about 11，700 years ago.

Scientists have long debated what caused all these large creatures to go extinct while many of the smaller ones （2） A . A team of researchers led by biologist Felisa Smith analyzed evidence from millions of years' worth of mammalian extinctions and found that on each continent large mammals started to （3） D around the same time humans first showed up.

If the extinction trend continues， many more large mammals will soon disappear as well， as the primary threats from humans have （4） D from overhunting to indirect

processes such as habitat loss. In their new study Smith and her team analyzed a database of all land mammals that lived from 65 million years ago until today. \"We found （5） A no effect of climate on mammalian extinction over 65 million years，\" she says. But starting around 125，000 years ago and continuing until today， large mammals have been more likely to go extinct than smaller ones， the researchers found. The average（6） C of surviving mammals has decreased as a result. And those large﹣mammal extinctions are tightly coupled with the （7） B of humans. For most of mammalian （8） C history， an animal's size was not predictive of its extinction risk. That （9） A only appeared once humans began to live alongside large mammals.

This finding does not mean climate﹣related changes could not have（10） B some wildlife populations， enabling humans to more easily bring about their eventual downfall，（11） D it suggests the greater likelihood of large mammals going extinct is tied to human activities. The animals that evolved without the risk of hunting from humans were suddenly faced with a new（12） D . They simply could not（13） D fast enough to survive the invasion of humans.

Smith says the lesson to be learned from the new findings is that our ancestors prepared us to be extremely skillful killers. \"What's（14） C now，\" she says，\"is that some of us are comfortable enough，have a high enough standard of living，that we can start thinking about our use of die Earth.\" Rather than simply behaving as （15） C ， many of us are now in a position to become environmental protectors.

（1）A. smart （2）A. survived （3）A. hide away （4）A. faded （5）A. absolutely （6）A. weight （7）A. production

B. massive B. shrank B. make off B. restored B. predictably B. speed B. appearance

C. marine C. escaped C. breakup C. improved C. exclusively C. size C. exploration

D. ancient D. returned D. die out D. expanded D. potentially D. appetite D. cruelty

（8）A. recorded （9）A. link （10）A. enlarged （11）A. Moreover （12）A. species （13）A. grow （14）A. instructive （15）A. sponsors

B. contemporary B. contact B. stressed B. Otherwise B. hope B. digest B. fashionable B. creators

C. evolutionary C. adaptation C. impressed C. Meanwhile C. rule C. withdraw C. different C. consumers

D. ancient D. distinction D. dominated D. Rather D. threat D. adapt D. marvelous D. designers

【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了大型哺乳动物灭绝和人类活动密切相关，呼吁人们要爱护地球，保护野生动物。

【解答】（1）B．考查形容词及语境理解。A. smart聪明的；B. massive巨大的；C. marine海洋的；D. ancient古代的。句意：如此巨大的生物不仅在北美被发现。根据下文\"On every continent mammals on average were a lot larger from around 2.5 million until about 11700 years ago.\"中的\"larger\"，可知是说巨大的生物，根据语境，故选B.

（2）A．考查动词及语境理解。A. survived幸存；B. shrank退缩；C. escaped逃跑；D. returned返回。句意：长期以来，科学家们一直在争论是什么原因导致这些大型生物灭绝，而许多较小的生物幸存了下来。根据本句中的\"while\"，可知上下句形成对比，所以是大型生物灭绝，较小的生物幸存了下来，故选A.

（3）D．考查动词词组及语境理解。A. hide away隐藏；B. make off匆匆逃掉；C. breakup结束；D. die out灭绝。句意：由生物学家Felisa Smith领导的一个研究小组分析了数百万年来哺乳动物灭绝的证据，发现在每个上，大型哺乳动物开始灭绝的时间与人类首次出现的时间相同。根据前半句\"A team of researchers led by biologist Felisa Smith analyzed evidence from millions of years' worth of mammalian extinctions\"中的\"extinctions\"相呼应，所以应是灭绝，故选D.

（4）D．考查动词及语境理解。A. faded衰退；B. restored修复；C. improved改善；D. expanded扩大。句意：如果灭绝的趋势继续下去，更多的大型哺乳动物也将很快消失，因为来自人类的主要威胁已经从过度捕猎扩大到栖息地丧失等间接过程。根据下文\"from overhunting to indirect processes such as habitat loss\"，从过度捕猎到栖息地丧失，

说明来自人类威胁的范围已经扩大了，故选D.

（5）A．考查副词及语境理解。A. absolutely绝对地；B. predictably可预见地；C. exclusively唯一地；D. potentially潜在地。句意：\"我们发现，在6500万年的时间里，气候对哺乳动物灭绝绝对没有影响，\"她说。根据下文\"But starting around 125000 years ago and continuing until today， large mammals have been more likely to go extinct than smaller ones， the researchers found.\" 但研究人员发现，从12.5万年前开始直到今天，大型哺乳动物比小型哺乳动物更有可能灭绝，根据上下文的转折关系，说明6500万年前的动物不会受到气候影响而灭绝，故选A.

（6）C．考查名词及语境理解。A. weight重量；B. speed速度；C. size大小，尺寸；D. appetite胃口。句意：因此，存活下来的哺乳动物的平均体型变小了。根据上文\"large mammals have been more likely to go extinct than smaller ones\"，可知是存活下来的哺乳动物的平均体型变小了，故选C.

（7）B．考查名词及语境理解。A. production生产；B. appearance出现；C. exploration勘探；D. cruelty残酷。句意：而那些大型哺乳动物的灭绝与人类的出现紧密相连。根据下文\"That（9）only appeared once humans began to live alongside large mammals.\"由此可知，哺乳动物的灭绝是和人类有关系的，故选B.

（8）C．考查形容词及语境理解。A. recorded记录的；B. contemporary当代的；C. evolutionary进化的；D. ancient古代的。句意：在哺乳动物进化史的大部分时间里，动物的体型并不能预测其灭绝的风险。根据下文的 \"history\"以及\"an animal's size was not predictive of its extinction risk.\"可知是在哺乳动物的进化史中，故选C.

（9）A．考查名词及语境理解。A. link联系；B. contact接触；C. adaptation适应；D. distinction区别。句意：这种联系只在人类开始与大型哺乳动物生活在一起时才出现。因为前文说大型哺乳动物的灭绝，和气候无关，哺乳动进化史也不能预测到灭绝的风险，所以这种灭绝只能和人类联系在一起，故选A.

（10）B．考查动词及语境理解。A. enlarged扩大；B. stressed使承受压力；C. impressed给…深刻印象；D. dominated支配。句意：这一发现并不意味着与气候相关的变化不会给一些野生动物种群造成压力，使人类更容易导致其最终灭亡。因为气候的相关变化使人类更容易导致野生动物灭亡，所以这里应是造成压力，故选B.

（11）D．考查副词及语境理解。A. Moreover此外；B. Otherwise否则；C. Meanwhile

同时；D. Rather相反。句意：相反，它表明大型哺乳动物灭绝的更大可能性与人类活动有关。根据上下两句的关系，可知是相反的，故选D.

（12）D．考查名词及语境理解。A. species物种；B. hope希望；C. rule规则；D. threat威胁。句意：那些没有被人类猎杀风险的动物突然面临着新的威胁。根据上文\"it suggests the greater likelihood of large mammals going extinct is tied to human activities\"表明大型哺乳动物灭绝的更大可能性与人类活动有关，人类还会继续活动，所以面临新的威胁，故选D.

（13）D.考查动词及语境理解。A. grow生长；B. digest消化；C. withdraw撤退；D. adapt适应。句意：它们无法快速适应人类的入侵。根据上文\"The animals that evolved without the risk of hunting from humans were suddenly faced with a new（12）.\"可知，对人类突然带来的新威胁，无法适应，故选D.

（14）C．考查形容词及语境理解。A. instructive有益的；B. fashionable流行的；C. different不同的；D. marvelous非凡的。句意：\"现在不同的是，\"她说，\"我们中的一些人足够舒适，有足够高的生活水平，我们可以开始考虑我们对地球的耗费。\"根据下文\"is that some of us are comfortable enough， have a high enough standard of living， that we can start thinking about our use of the Earth\"由此可知，她表达的意思是我们不能一味地享受地球带给我们的舒适，我们还要思考对地球的耗费，所以应该是不同的，故选C.

（15）C．考查名词及语境理解。A. sponsors赞助者；B. creators创造者；C. consumers消费者；D. designers设计师。句意：我们中的许多人不再仅仅是消费者，而是成为了环境保护者。根据下文\"many of us are now in a position to become environmental protectors\"，可知\"protectors\"对应的应是消费者，故选C.

【点评】做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意．一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。答案全部填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅，用词得当，意思正确。

have just read.

（1）The passage is mainly about B .

A. Fishermen's difficulty in storing seafood and the decline of the economy. B. Fishermen's difficulty in selling fish and food banks' need for more food. C. The closure of restaurants and food banks' great demand for food assistance. D. Many people's unemployment and many states' bad services in food industry. （3）According to paragraph 5， Catherine D'Amato thinks that C . A. fishermen should start to process fish B. many fishes are unknown to customers. C. there's a gap between supply and need D. the fishing organizations are too independent

（4）It can be learned from the passage that the fish soup C . A. increases fishermen's productivity B. is commonly consumed by local fishermen C. makes food banks rethink their products D. is produced by food banks in a traditional way

【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。报道了渔民与食物银行的合作以解决新冠肺炎流行造成的供需双重危机。

【解答】（1）B. 主旨大意题。通读全文，根据倒数第二段中D'Amato所说\"For many years， we have been wanting to be able to work withorganizations in the fishing industry.\"（多年来，我们一直希望能够与渔业组织合作。）以及\"But this spring， the state department ofagriculture connected the food bank with some grant makers. They talked to some local fishermen about developing atraditional New England fish soup.\"（但今年春天，美国农业部将食品银行与一些资助机构联系了起来。他们和一些当地渔民讨论开发﹣种传统的

新英格兰鱼汤。）等内容可知，本文主要讲述了渔民与食物银行的合作。故选B项。（2）B. 词句猜测题。根据文章第一段中\"As the COVID﹣19 pandemic hit hard， fishermen watched their markets dry up. Restaurants﹣normally major fish buyers﹣closed or cut back orders significantly. \"（随着新冠肺炎疫情的肆虐，渔民们眼睁睁地看着自己的市场干涸。通常是鱼类主要采购商的餐馆，要么关门，要么大幅削减订单。）说明由于疫情爆发，渔民们的鱼卖不出去；文章第二段\"Meanwhile as people lost jobs， food banks started to see a great demand for services. Things were getting desperate， with longlines for food assistance in many states.\"（与此同时，随着人们失业，食品银行开始看到对服务的巨大需求。情况变得非常糟糕，许多州的食品援助队伍排得很长。）说明食品银行的食品货源不足。因此可以判断这种双重危机\"指的是渔民卖鱼的困难和食物银行对更多食物的需求。故选B项。

（3）C. 推理判断题。根据第五段中\"But it's complicated. Fishermen catch a lot of big fish， and food banks who might take it need theproducts to be cut small and easy to use for customers. It also has to be fish they know and recognize. The barriers have beentoo high in many places to make it work.\" （但它是复杂的。渔民们会捕捞很多大鱼，而食品银行可能需要把产品切得小一些，方便顾客使用。也必须是他们认识和了解的鱼。在许多地方，障碍太高，无法使其发挥作用。）可知， Catherine D' Amato认为供应和需求之间有差距。故选C项。

（4）C. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中\"The soup is helping to feed families and keep fishermen fishing. The fishermen hope to sell it instores soon， and Damato hopes to purchase more soup and expand into new seafood products for her customers. \"（这种汤可以养活家庭，让渔民们继续捕鱼。渔民们希望很快就能在商店里出售， Damato希望购买更多的（鱼）汤，并为她的客户开发新的海鲜产品。）可以推断，鱼汤使食品银行为客户开发新的产品，即重新思考他们的产品。故选C项。

【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。 18．（6分）

Who we need

staff are

NPO）

We offer internships for

students

with

and General Service staff are current

hired hired locally at the respective educational background in

internationally and occupy duty station. Their main role public health， management leadership

functions

or is to work with and support or administration fields.

recruited

positions that require a internationally

significant level of technical staff in their roles and to knowledge. P or D staff are assure mobile and are expected to functioning work across the globe.

the

smooth

all

administrative matters. National

Professional

Officers are nationals of the country in which they serve and perform functions of a professional nature requiring local

knowledge

，

professional knowledge and experience.

Junior professional officer Recruitment restrictions

programme The

Junior

Please note the following restrictions on recruitment：

Professional Relatives of WHO Staff： Except where another equally

with

practical mother， son， daughter， brother or sister.

experience in international Candidates under the age of 20 and above the age of 62 will technical cooperation. JPOs not be considered for any vacancy. are sponsored

their Policy on Non﹣Recruitment of Smokers： WHO has a

（1）The above webpage aims at D . A. recruiting volunteers for WHO

B. achieving a broad representation of nationals C. explaining the functions of WHO

D. providing information about WHO positions

（2）What kind of applicants will definitely be turned down according to the restrictions？ A

A. Males in their later 60s.

B. People who have health problems. C. Children of WHO staff.

D. Candidates with a smoking history.

（3）What can be learned from the webpage？ D A. General Service staff are recruited all around the world. B. Junior Professional Officers work for local governments.

C. Current students majoring in engineering can apply for internships. D. Professionals and directors are an internationally mobile workforce.

respective governments.

【分析】本文为世界卫生组织的招聘启事，介绍需要招募的职位的要求和工作范围。【解答】（1）D.细节理解题。根据第一段的We are looking for talented and passionate people to work for health. WHO is committed to achieving workforce variety， aiming to achieve a broad representation of nationals of our member countries. （我们正在寻找有才华和热情的人为健康工作。世卫组织致力于实现劳动力多样化，旨在实现成员国国民的广泛代表性。）可知，以上网页旨在提供有关世卫组织职位的资料。故选D.

（2）A.细节理解题。根据文章的Candidates under the age of 20 and above the age of 62 will not be considered for any vacancy.（20岁以下和62岁以上的候选人将不考虑任何空缺。）可知，60大几岁的男性很可能被拒绝。故选A.

（3）D.推理判断题。根据表格左边的Professional staff and directors are hired internationally and occupy leadership functions or positions that require a significant level of technical knowledge. P or D staff are mobile and are expected to work across the globe.（专业工作人员和主任是在国际上雇用的，他们担任的领导职能或职位需要相当程度的技术知识。P或D员工是流动的，预计将在全球范围内工作。）可知，专业人士和主任是一支国际流动的劳动力队伍。故选D.

【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。 19．（8分）A seismic （地震的；重大的） shift in climate science might be heating up. New research shows that sound waves produced by earthquakes can be used to measure temperatures in the ocean which traps 90% of the heat Earth absorbs from the sun， making long﹣term changes in ocean warmth， a major factor in how the world might respond to global warming.

For years the main approach of measuring ocean temperature has been Argo， an

array （阵列） of 4000 automatic floats， which drifts the globe， sampling ocean water and measuring its temperature. Yet Argo measurements stop at 2000 meters.

（1）What disadvantage does Argo have？ A

A. Its reach is limited.

B. It takes long to collect samples. C. It doesn't work globally. D. Its prediction isn't reliable at all.

（2）It can be learned that Ocean Acoustic Tomography B . A. was tested many times but never succeeded B. remained unpopular for fear of potential harm C. was assumed to be too complicated to be controllable D. measured ocean temperature just as the new research does （3）It can be inferred from the new findings that A . A. some warming is working its way deeper into the ocean B. ocean temperature is rising faster owing to earthquakes C. sound travels faster in colder water than in hotter water D. sound waves will slow down the warming of the ocean （4）Which is the best title for the passage？ D A. Sound Waves First Applied to Climate Science B. New Factors Found to Be Heating up the Ocean C. A Natural Approach Holding Back Global Wanning D. Ocean's Hidden Heat Measured with Earthquake Sounds

【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过一项新的研究介绍了地震产生的声波可以用来测量海洋的温度。

【解答】（1）A. 细节理解题。根据第三段中\"For years the main approach of measuring ocean temperature has been Argo， an array （阵列） of 4000 automatic floats， which drifts the globe， sampling ocean water and measuring its temperature. Yet Argo measurements stop at 2000 meters.\"（多年来，测量海洋温度的主要方法是Argo ，这是一个由4000个自动漂浮物组成的阵列，它在地球上漂流，对海水进行取样并测量其温度。然而Argo的测量在2000米就停止了。）可知， Argo的缺点是它影响范围有限。故选A项。

（2）B. 推理判断题。根据第五段中\"Ocean Acoustic Tomography'， the basis for the

current research， was first tested nearly 30 years ago.\" （海洋声学层析成像是目前研究的基础，首次测试是在近30年前。）和\"But some believed the noise was a threat to ocean life and the technique never took off. \"（但一些人认为，这种噪音对海洋生物构成了威胁，这项技术从未得到推广。）可知，\"海洋声学层析成像\"由于害怕潜在的伤害而不受欢迎。故选B项。

（3）A. 推理判断题。根据倒数第段中\" Some of those waves created physical changes in land and sea as they traveled. Others were sound waves or T waves that moved through the deep ocean， delivering valuable data about ocean temperature.\"（其中一些波在移动时造成了陆地和海洋的物理变化。另一些是声波或T波，它们在深海中移动，传递有关海洋温度的宝贵数据。）倒数第二段中\"12 years of data coupled with mathematical models pointed to a temperature change of roughly 0.044 degrees per decade， a trend larger than those predicted by Argo.\"（ 12年的数据加上数学模型表明，温度变化大约为每10年0.044度，这一趋势比Argo预测的要大。）可知，从新发现可以推断一些变暖正在向海洋深处蔓延。故选A项。

（4）D. 主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第二段\"New research shows that sound waves， produced by earthquakes can be used to measure temperatures in the ocean which traps 90% of the heat Earth absorbs from the sun ， making long﹣term changes in ocean warmth， a major factor in how the world might respond to global warming.\"（新的研究表明，地震产生的声波可以用来测量海洋的温度，海洋的温度能吸收地球从太阳吸收的90%的热量，使海洋温度发生长期变化，这是世界如何应对全球变暖的主要因素。）可知，本文主要通过一项新的研究介绍了地震产生的声波可以用来测量海洋的温度。选项D\"海洋隐藏的热量通过地震的声波测量\"突出文章主题，适合做标题。故选D项。【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。 Section CDirections： Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. 20．（8分）

A.But the challenge is figuring out how to collect the energy from those winds.

B.Kite power has the potential to greatly improve on current wind﹣power strategies. C.Wind at these altitudes （海拔高度） is stronger and steadier which increases productivity factors of the system to about 60%.

D.Its plan is to build a kite power station using technology that can collectively generate （产生） large amounts of energy.

E.Nevertheless， they successfully demonstrated that their kites could operate automatically at an altitude of up to 700 meters.

F.After the initial cost of designing and setting up the plant， little additional investment will be necessary， apart from standard maintenance.

Kite Power

Standard wind﹣power plants rely on fixed support and generally can only reach a height of 200 meters or so. Higher than that， winds tend to be stronger and more persistent. （1） A .

able to reach fairly high altitudes. They form a circular shape in the wind， which sets the core of the generator in motion， producing electric current. KiteGen has the potential to be very cost﹣effective in the long run. （3） F . The plant also requires relatively little space， which makes it ideal for cities and means that multiple plants can be set up to provide even more energy.

（4） B . In the future，it may be an efficient，cost﹣effective addition to the other sources of energy we use， or even a replacement for some of them. 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了风筝发电的优势以及前景。

【解答】（1）A. 推理判断题。根据上一句\"标准的风力发电厂依靠固定支架，一般只能达到200米左右的高度。比这更高的地方，风往往更强劲，更持久。\"可知此处说的是更高地方的风往往更强劲，更持久。所以\"A.But the challenge is figuring out how to collect the energy from those winds.但挑战在于如何从这些风中收集能量。\"符合语境。故选A. （2）E. 推理判断题。根据上一句\"研究已经开始，但仍然存在许多挑战，包括提高发电机的效率和完善自动飞行控制和风筝的结构。\"可知此处说的是这项研究存在许多挑战。所以\"E.Nevertheless， they successfully demonstrated that their kites could operate automatically at an altitude of up to 700 meters.尽管如此，他们还是成功地证明了他们的风筝可以在高达700米的高空自动操作。\"符合语境。故选E.

（3）F. 推理判断题。根据下一句\"The plant also requires relatively little space， which makes it ideal for cities and means that multiple plants can be set up to provide even more energy.工厂也需要相对较少的空间，这使得它非常适合城市，也意味着可以建立多个工厂来提供更多的能源。\"可知此处说的是建立工厂。所以\"F.After the initial cost of designing and setting up the plant， little additional investment will be necessary， apart from standard maintenance.在设计和建造工厂的初始成本之后，除了标准维护外，几乎不需要额外投资。\"符合语境。故选F.

（4）B. 细节理解题。根据下一句\"In the future，it may be an efficient，cost﹣effective addition to the other sources of energy we use， or even a replacement for some of them.在未来，它可能是我们使用的其他能源的一个高效、经济的补充，甚至是其中一些能源的替代品。\"可知此处说的是风筝发电的前景。所以\"B.Kite power has the potential to greatly improve on current wind﹣power strategies.风筝电力有可能大大改善目前的风力

发电战略。\"符合语境。故选B. 【点评】技巧

Ⅰ通读全文，了解文章大意；

Ⅰ细读七个选项，找出和文章相对应的关键词，分析选项间的逻辑关系； Ⅰ根据文章整体结构、具体内容，结合关键词，选出最佳选项；

Ⅰ将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点查看逻辑关系和关联结构是否合理。 Ⅰ.Summary Writing

21．（10分）Directions： Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Robotic Exoskeletons

In addition to partly restoring mobility， robotic exoskeletons offer the significant mental and physical health benefits of standing up and moving. Just being able to get up from a wheelchair gives patients a more natural， positive view of the world. It also helps relieve pressure on patients' skin and reduces the danger of pressure sores. Standing upright strengthens a disabled person's muscles and bones，improves heart health，and reduces certain other health complications （并发症）. And it may actually result in partial nerve repair， something that can only happen when a patient is able to move. As promising as this technology is，however， it is no simple cure﹣all for paralysis（瘫痪）or its complications. The motion is not accurate compared with natural walking， and exoskeletons are not easy to use， especially on surfaces that are not smooth. They are very expensive， costing about US＄100，000. Health insurance plans and government programs may not cover the cost of buying one.

Nevertheless， robotic exoskeletons， and access to them， will continue to improve. As with much modem technology， robotic exoskeletons will likely become more capable

and easy to use， even as their cost goes down. Governments and insurers may increasingly see that the health benefits of these walking machines outweigh the costs， making it easier to fund them. Perhaps the day will come when nearly everyone paralyzed by spinal cord injury will be able to \"walk\" again.

【分析】高分句型一

Robotic exoskeletons， a kind of machinery working outside the body， give paralyzed patients new hope to stand or walk again.

分析：句子里，Robotic exoskeletons和a kind of machinery working outside the body是同位语的关系。

翻译：机器人外骨骼是一种在体外工作的机械，它给瘫痪患者重新站立或行走带来了新的希望。高分句型二

But currently， they're hard to use for lack of accurate motion and difficult to access for high costs.

分析：句子里，固定短语for lack of 表示\"由于缺乏\"。翻译：但目前，由于缺乏精确的移动，难以使用，成本高昂。

【解答】Robotic exoskeletons， a kind of machinery working outside the body， give paralyzed patients new hope to stand or walk again.【高分句型一】（机器人外骨骼的定义） They benefit patients a lot both physically and mentally. （机器人外骨骼的用途）But currently， they're hard to use for lack of accurate motion and difficult to access for high costs.【高分句型二】（机器人外骨骼的缺陷） But the situation is improving with modern technology.（机器人外骨骼的未来）

【点评】这是一篇概要类作文，写摘要主要包括三个步骤：（1）阅读；（2）写作；（3）

修改成文。第一步：阅读

A．认真阅读给定的原文材料，如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍，阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。

B．给摘要起一个标题，用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题，也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题，主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾。 C．决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要。对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。 D．简要地记下主要观点﹣﹣主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。第二步：动手写作

A．摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长。 B．摘要应全部用自己的话完成，不要引用原文的句子。 C．应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。

D．摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。第三步：修改成文

注意语法和拼写错误，书写要漂亮。

Ⅰ.TranslationDirections： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.

22．（3分）她为了纪念已故母亲拍了这部电影，却不料大受欢迎。（memory） She made the film in memory of her late mother， only to be well received. 【分析】她为了纪念已故母亲拍了这部电影，却不料大受欢迎。

【解答】答案：She made the film in memory of her late mother， only to be well received.根据题意，为了纪念可以翻译成\"in memory of\"；却不料做某事可以翻译成\"only to do sth\". 故填She made the film in memory of her late mother， only to be well received. 【点评】单项选择题考查内容广泛，涉及词汇、语法、习语、日常用语等。在有限的题量中注意知识的覆盖面，设计特定的语境综合考查学生在一定语境中运用语言知识的能力。

23．（3分）这位老人尽管生活条件一般，却似乎很满足于退休后自由自在的生活。（content） The old man seems to be content with the free life after retirement despite his average 45

living conditions.

【分析】这位老人尽管生活条件一般，却似乎很满足于退休后自由自在的生活。【解答】答案：The old man seems to be content with the free life after retirement despite his average living conditions.根据题意，尽管可以翻译成\"despite\"；对……满意可以翻译成\"be content with\"； t退休后可以翻译成\"after retirement\". 故填The old man seems to be content with the free life after retirement despite his average living conditions.

【点评】单项选择题考查内容广泛，涉及词汇、语法、习语、日常用语等。在有限的题量中注意知识的覆盖面，设计特定的语境综合考查学生在一定语境中运用语言知识的能力。

24．（4分）这位刚毕业的年轻老师特别热爱这份工作，不断地追求卓越，所以同事们都寄予他厚望。（pursue） The young teacher who is fresh out of school loves the job very much and keeps pursuing excellence， so his colleagues place high hopes on him. 【分析】这位刚毕业的年轻老师特别热爱这份工作，不断地追求卓越，所以同事们都寄予他厚望。

【解答】答案：The young teacher who is fresh out of school loves the job very much and keeps pursuing excellence， so his colleagues place high hopes on him.根据题意，追求卓越可以翻译成\"keep pursuing\"；寄予厚望可以翻译成\"place hopes on\". 故填The young teacher who is fresh out of school loves the job very much and keeps pursuing excellence， so his colleagues place high hopes on him.

25．（5分）只有提前了解所申请学校的要求，且充分做准备，你才有可能在面试中脱颖而出。（Only） Only by learning in advance about the requirements of the school you are going to apply to and getting fully prepared， can you possibly stand out in the interview. 【分析】只有提前了解所申请学校的要求，且充分做准备，你才有可能在面试中脱颖而出。

【解答】答案：Only by learning in advance about the requirements of the school you are

going to apply to and getting fully prepared， can you possibly stand out in the interview.根据题意，提前可以翻译成\"in advance\"；充分准备可以翻译成\"get fully prepared\"；脱颖而出可以翻译成\"stand out\". 故填Only by learning in advance about the requirements of the school you are going to apply to and getting fully prepared， can you possibly stand out in the interview.

Ⅰ.Guided Writing

26．（25分）Directions： Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

1. 对\"读书角\"的内容、布置、管理等的建议； 2. 说明这些建议的理由。

注：文中不得提及你的真实姓名或学校。

【分析】高分句型一：What's more， there should be some desks and chairs， where the students can sit down and read books in a relaxed way.

译文：更重要的是，这里应该有一些桌椅，学生们可以在那里轻松地坐下来看书。分析：这句话使用where引导定语从句。

高分句型二：Only in this way can the reading corner runs well and smoothly. 译文：只有这样，阅读角才能顺利地运行。

分析：这句话使用only in this way置于句首，后面用部分倒装。【解答】Dear Mr. Zhang，

I am glad to know that in order to build a scholarly campus， our school plan to design some \"reading corner\" in the teaching corridor.I would like to offer some suggestions about the reading corner.（写信目的）

First， all kinds of books should be included in the reading corner to meet the different

needs of the students. What's more， there should be some desks and chairs， where the students can sit down and read books in a relaxed way. 【高分句型一】Last but not least， the reading corner should be managed by specific person， such as a teacher， or a student. Only in this way can the reading corner runs well and smoothly.【高分句型二】（对\"读书角\"的内容、布置、管理等的建议和理由） Hopefully， my suggestions will be adopted.（希望） Looking forward to your reply.（期盼回信） Yours， Wang Hong

【点评】这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。

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