一,名词的数
我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,而不可数名词它没有复数形式,但可数名词却有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下:
一)在后面加s。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas 二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes
三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如:city-cities body-bodies factory-fctories,
baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, dstory-stories
2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways
四)以o结尾加(s外来词)。如:radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯
五)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves,
leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
六)单复数相同(不变的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
七)一般只有复数,没有单数的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks 八)单词形式不变,既可以是单数也可以是复数的有:police局,, class班,同学, family
家,家庭成员
九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen
pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
十)有的单复数意思不同。如:fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸,卷子,论文, work工
作 works作品,工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡 十一) 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如:Is (I’s), Ks (K’s)。但如是缩略词则
只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs
十二) 特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice,
policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen
三,名词综合练习
一、用括号内词的适当形式填空:
1.There are two________ over there.(watch) 2.I like taking ________.(photo)
3.l can see a _________and two _______ standing there.(man,woman) 4.There are two baskets of__________ on the floor.(apple) 5.You often make a lot of__________ in spelling.(mistake) 6.Look at those_________.(child)
7.This is a__________. Those are three__________.(knife) 8.He doesn't like these_____.(glass) 9.How many _________can you see?(radio) 10.Thirty __________live in this building.(family). 11. How many________(sheep) are there on the hill? 12. There is some________(food) in the basket. 13. The baby has only two________(tooth) now. 14. There is a lot of________(water) in the bottle. 15. There are five________(people ) in his family. 16. Let's take________(photo), OK? 17. I have lots of________(tomato) here. 18. The________(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.
19. The________(child) are playing game on the playground now. 20. Their________(dictionary) look new.
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一)单数在后面加’s。如:brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s
二)复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’,如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如:Teachers’ Day
教师节, classmates’; Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day三八节
三)由and并列的名词所有时,如果是共同所有同一人或物时,只加最后一个’s,但分别拥有时
却分别按单数形式处理。如:Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间(共住一间),Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间(各自的房间)
二,名词的格
当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时,我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下:
名词的数和格专项练习
31. I see you have a few white________(hair). 32. They are________(woman) doctors.
33. Can you give me some bottles (甁)of ____ (orange), please? 34. There are many________(fox) in the picture.
35. I would like some apple________(juice). I am very thirsty.
二、选择下列正确答案:
1.A cow has four__________.A. stomachs B. stomaches 2.Three_________ are eating grass.A. sheep B. sheeps 3.Water__________ a kind of matter.A. is B. are 4.Her clothes__________ nearly worn out.A.is B. are 5.No man___________ present.A. is B. are 6.It is I who___________ next.A. am B. is 7.There_________ no water in the glass.A. are B. is 8.Here__________ a blind man.A.comes B. is
9.Physics____________ more difficult than maths.A. is B are
10.Neither Mary nor her sister_______ the party.A. is going to B. are going to 11.I want to buy_______.
A. kilo of meat B. a kilo of meats C. two kilos of meats D. two kilos of meat 12.Our desks and _____are made of ____.
A. chairs; woods B. chairs; wood C. chairs; woods D. chair; wood 13. There are some new books in the school library. They are ____ books. A. child B. childrens' C. children D. children's
14. I have worn out my shoes, so I want to buy a new ____ .A. pair B. one C. ones D. trousers 15. Meimei's handwriting is better than any other ______ in his class. A. students B. students C. student's D. students'
16. The hospital is a bit far from here. It's about _______ .
A. forty minutes's walk B. forty minute's walk C. forty minutes walk D. forty minutes' walk 17. How many _____ are there in your class ?A. Japanese B. American C. Australian D. Canadian 18. I found my black cat in_____ room.
A. Jim and Mike B. Jim and Mike's C. Jim's and Mike's D. Jim's and Mike 19. How much are the _____ ?A. bread B. meats. C. potatos D. tomatoes 20. There are many ______ in our school.
A. woman teachers B. woman's teachers C. women teachers D. women's teachers 21. Three months ________ a long time for me.A. is B. are C. have D. has 22. There are ______ and ______ on the table.
A. two boxes cake; four bottle of oranges B. two boxes cake; four bottle of orange C. two boxes of cakes; four bottles of orange D. two box of cakes; four bottles of oranges 三、翻译
1.每天早上他吃鸡蛋、面包和蔬菜。
2.现在他们正在看一张他们教室的画。
3.下周我们要去看望父亲的叔叔。
4.昨天他点了一块牛排,一个鸡蛋和两杯牛奶。
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