专业英语四级模拟试卷272(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语四级模拟试卷272 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有： 3. CLOZE 4. GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY 5. READING COMPREHENSION 6. WRITING

PART III CLOZE (15 MIN)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks.

Who needs a publisher? Bob Young, CEO of print-on-demand service Lulu.com, says that the publishing and【1】of books online will not be the old book industry on a new【2】. It will be a new industry,【3】not on bestsellers but on niche【4】. Maybe Grisham isn’t a Lulu customer【5】, but writer John Edgar Wideman is. Wideman’s latest【6】of short stories, Briefs, came out from Lulu this spring. In a traditional paperback publishing【7】, the author keeps a mere 8 to 9 percent of【8】. Under most self-publishing agreements, authors keep 70 to 80 percent of their profits,【9】the remaining cut going to their distributor. “It’sa(n)【10】playing field for the first time,” says J. A. Konrath, a thriller author who plans to【11】all his future novels as self-published Kindle books. “The【12】have become who they should have been【13】: the readers. “ Konrath began self-publishing e-books in April 2009. He quickly realized that by【14】the middleman, he was making as much money on a single $ 2. 99 e-book【15】he would on a $ 25 hardcover. “I started to be able to pay my【16】on e-book money, then pay my bills on e-book money,” Konrath says. Konrath【17】his strong sales on Amazon to user-generated【18】and reviews on message boards,【19】to the low price of his e-books. “Three dollars is a cup of coffee,” Konrath says. “Wouldn’t you rather have eight hours of【20】from a book?”

1．

A．distributing B．contributing C．allotting D．marketing

正确答案：A

解析：词义辨析题。distributing指“书籍的发行和销售”，与前文的publishing(出版)正好呼应。contributing贡献，捐献；allotting分配；marketing营销。

2．

A．fashion B．philosophy C．platform

D．settlement

正确答案：C

解析：词义辨析题。网上售书不会是新平台上的老式出版业。fashion流行；philosophy哲学，理念；platform平台；settlement定居。

3．

A．dependent B．determined C．depicted D．deprived

正确答案：A

解析：词义辨析题。“网上售书是新兴产业，不仅需要有最好的销售商，而且需要非常专业的发行渠道”。dependent on依赖于；determined有决心的；depict描写；deprived被剥夺权利的。

4．

A．circulations B．issues

C．publications D．shipments

正确答案：C

解析：词义辨析题。circulation流通；issue问题，版本；publication发行；shipment运输。

5． A．now

B．nowadays C．still D．yet

正确答案：D

解析：词义辨析题。now现在；nowadays目前，这些天；still还(用于肯定句)；yet还(用于否定句)。

6．

A．bestseller B．collection C．novel D．version

正确答案：B

解析：词义辨析题。bestseller畅销书；collection专集；novel小说；version版本。

7．

A．bargain B．deal

C．convention D．promise

正确答案：B

解析：词义辨析题。“传统的出版协议”。bargain讨价还价；deal协议；convention大会；promise承诺。

8．

A．deposits B．interests C．royalties D．taxes

正确答案：C

解析：词义辨析题。“作家保留百分之八到百分之九的版税”。deposit预付金；interest利息；royalties版税；tax税。

9． A．and B．with C．but D．among

正确答案：B

解析：语法题。with“the remaining cut going to”表伴随动作。

10．

A．attractive B．even

C．promising D．potential

正确答案：B

解析：词义辨析题。attractive吸引人的；even公平的；promising有前途的；potential潜在的。对作家来说网上销售首次成了公平的竞技场所。

11． A．punish

B．relay C．release D．reveal

正确答案：C

解析：词义辨析题。punish惩罚；relay传递；release发行，释放，和publish同义；reveal揭示。

12．

A．gatekeepers B．purchasers C．counterparts D．landlords

正确答案：A

解析：词义辨析题。gatekeeper守门员；purchaser购物者；counterpart对方；landlord地主。

13．

A．in the first place B．after all C．eventually D．all in all

正确答案：A

解析：词义辨析题。“一开始守门员就成了他们本应该的那样：读者”。after all毕竟；eventually最终；all in all总之。

14．

A．cutting out B．disposing of C．disconnecting D．eliminating

正确答案：A 解析：词义辨析题。“去掉中间人，利润增加”。cut out排除，等同于exclude；dispose of处理；disconnect断开；eliminate根除。

15． A．and B．as C．for D．than

正确答案：B

解析：语法题。此处为同级比较“as much…as…”。

16． A．bills B．cheque C．expenses D．mortgage

正确答案：D

解析：词义辨析题。bill清单，账单(如水、电、气费用等)；cheque支票；expense开支；mortgage房贷。

17．

A．attributes B．contributes C．distributes D．stipulates

正确答案：A

解析：固定搭配题。attribute to归因于；contribute to导致；distribute分配；stipulate陈述。

18． A．credits B．ranks C．ratings D．ratios

正确答案：C

解析：词义辨析题。根据上下文可知，销售量取决于读者的打分和评论，以及较低的价格。credits学分，信誉；ranks等级，排名；ratios比率。

19．

A．as well as B．in addition to C．despite D．except

正确答案：A

解析：逻辑关系题。C和D的意思不恰当，而B表示递进。

20．

A．entertainment

B．excitement C．harvest D．leisure

正确答案：A 解析：词义辨析题。entertainment娱乐；excitement兴奋；harvest收获；leisure休闲。

PART IV GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY (15 MIN)Directions: There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

21． All of the plants now farmed on a large scale were developed from plants______wild.

A．that once grew B．once they grew C．they once grew D．once grew

正确答案：A

解析：连词用法。that引导性定语从句，修饰先行词plants；B、C、D都缺少能够替代先行词plants的连词。

22． By the time you graduate, we______in Australia for one year. A．will be staying B．will have stayed C．would have stayed D．have stayed

正确答案：B

解析：时态考核。从句由“by the time”引导时，主句多用完成时，根据句意，本句需要与将来完成时结合连用。

23． Hydrogen is one of the most important elements in the universe ______ it provides the building blocks from which the other elements are produced.

A．so that B．but that

C．provided that D．in that

正确答案：D

解析：连词用法。in that相当于because，引导原因状语从句。provided that表示“如果”，引导条件状语从句，so that表示“以致于”，引导结果状语从句。

24． Just as the builder is skilled in the handling of his bricks,______the experienced writer is skilled in the handling of his words.

A．so B．as C．thus D．like

正确答案：A 解析：句型。“(just)as+句子，so+句子”结构意为“像……一样，……也……”，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是“正如……”，“就像”，多用于正式文体；so引导的主句常用倒装语序，尤其在主语特别长时更是如此，so代替被省略了的表语部分。再如：Just as we sweep our rooms，so we should sweep back，ward ideas from our minds．正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。Just as the soil is a part of the earth，so is the atmosphere．正如土壤是地球的一部分一样，大气层也是地球的一部分。

25． He thought he had lost his______forever. However, he found his pillow already taken by the dog when he entered the room.

A．beautiful yellow little dog B．yellow beautiful little dog C．little yellow beautiful dog D．beautiful little yellow dog

正确答案：D

解析：形容词排序。当多个形容词同时出现修饰名词时，一般按如下顺序排列：限定词+描绘性形容词+大小+形状+年龄／新旧+颜色+国籍+材质+用途+Noun。故选D。

26． More than a year later he arrived back in America______. A．ill, tired and unhappy B．with ill, tired and unhappy C．felt ill, tired and unhappy D．he felt ill, tired and unhappy

正确答案：A

解析：形容词用法。ill，tired and unhappy形容词短语做主语的补足语，说明主语的状态、特点。

27． Once ______, this power station will supply all the neighboring towns and villages with electricity.

A．it being completed B．it completed C．completed D．it completes

正确答案：C 解析：本题考核-ed分词表被动的用法。once在这里是连词，意为“一旦……就……”，其后可以省略主谓it is，直接加-ed分词。

28． If you have never planted anything, you won’t be able to know the pleasure of watching the thing you have planted______.

A．grow B．to grow C．growing

D．to be growing

正确答案：A

解析：本题考查非谓语。感官动词watch后接不带to的不定式做宾语补足语。

29． ______, he is appointed as general manager of the company. A．Be a man ever so young B．So young as a man ever is C．No matter he is young D．A man ever so young

正确答案：A

解析：本题考查让步状语从句结构。Be a man ever so young是表示让步意义的倒装句。原结构though a man(may)be ever so young省略了though，再将be移到主语之前；ever so相当于very．

30． The only candidate______can hope to defeat him is quits now. A．who B．which C．that D．when

正确答案：C 解析：本题考查先行词的用法。在下列两种情况下只能用that引导定语从句，且做宾语时经常省略。D先行词由形容词的最高级或由序数词last、next、only等限定词修饰时；2)先行词为all、everything、anything、nothing、little、much等时。参照第l条，本题只能用that。

31． Mary is 18 years old this year;she______ 19 next year. A．will be B．is to be

C．is going to be D．should be

正确答案：A 解析：本题考核将来时间表达。“主语+will(shall可用于第一人称)+动词原形”表示不以人们意志为转移的，客观上一定会发生的行为或动作；选项B表示根据目前计划将来会发生的事情，或者用于表示命令、指令；C表示“打算，计划”。

32． Awoman has ,to be______a man to go half as far. A．twice as good as B．as twice good as C．twice good as D．twice so good as

正确答案：A

解析：比较结构。表示“有……几倍好”用“A is倍数+as+adj+as+B”结构。

33． They have produced______.

A．10 more pianos this month than last month B．10 pianos more this month than last month C．10 pianos this month as many as last month D．10 as many pianos this month as last month

正确答案：A

解析：比较结构。表示程度的成份应放在比较形容词或副词前面。

34． I ______ him the Christmas gift by mail because he came home during the Christmas holidays.

A．ought to have sent B．couldn’t have sent C．must have sent D．needn’t have sent

正确答案：D

解析：虚拟语气。主句用了一句与过去事实相反的表示必要性的虚拟语气，needn’t have done表示“本不必做(结果却做了)”，符合题意。

35． The desegregation was achieved through a number of struggles, ______had been mentioned in the previous chapters.

A．a few of which B．a few of them C．a few of those D．a few of that

正确答案：A

解析：这里考的是非性定语从句，关系代词which前加修饰语。

36． The girl chose some very pretty______paper for the present. A．covering B．wrapping C．packing D．collecting

正确答案：B

解析：形容词做修饰语。这四个选项中只有wrapping paper有“包装纸”的意思，符合题意。

37． The two scholars worked at the task of writing a preface to the new dictionary for three hours ______last night.

A．at length B．in full C．on end D．in time

正确答案：C 解析：词组辨析。on end意为“连续不断地”，和表示时间的词连用；at length意为“最后，终于”；in full意为“全部地”；in time意为“及时，不迟”。

38． We hadn’t expected a power cut so we were astonished when the whole house was______into darkness.

A．dived B．plunged C．drowned D．dropped

正确答案：B 解析：此题考查动词词义及搭配。plunge一般与into连用，指陷于某种状态；drop意为“落下，滴下，下降”；dive则意为“跳水，俯冲，突然潜入”，这是个不及物动词，不能用于被动语态；drown做“淹死，淹没”讲。因此只有B符合题意，为正确选项。

39． Despite the wide range of reading material specially written or______for language learning purposes, there is yet no comprehensive systematic program for the reading skills.

A．appointed B．assembled C．acknowledged D．adapted

正确答案：D

解析：此题考查动词的词义。adapt意为“使适合，改写”，常用被动语态，符合本题题意；acknowledge则做“承认，接受”讲；assemble意为“装配”；appoint做“提出，约定，约会”讲，与for’搭配。因此D为正确选项。

40． They have considered their high standard of living a(n) ______ for practising their basic beliefs.

A．award B．reward C．result

D．consequence

正确答案：B

解析：此题为语义辨析题。reward意为“报答；奖赏”；award意为“奖；奖品”；result意为“结果”；consequence意为“后果”。

41． Adictionary of the English language, ______ by Dr. Samuel Johnson, was the first real attempt as a systematic written survey of English usage.

A．compiled B．composed C．concocted D．collected

正确答案：A

解析：形近动词辨析。tompile意为“编辑，编纂”；compose意为“创作(音乐、文学作品)；谱曲”；concoct意为“人为地制造，编造”；collect意为“收集；聚集”。

42． The volunteer firefighters valiantly tried to put out the______forest fire. A．raging B．rippling C．rolling D．roaring

正确答案：A

解析：形近形容词辨析。raging意为“狂怒的，狂暴的”；rippling意为“起涟漪的；波动的”；rolling意为“起伏的，翻腾的”；roaring意为“吼叫的，轰鸣的”。

43． I can’t read the marks and notes Jim made in the margin. They are too______.

A．faint B．foggy

C．transparent D．misty

正确答案：A

解析：意近形容词辨析。faint意为“不清楚的，模糊的”；foggy意为“含糊的；朦胧的”；transparent意为“易懂的；结构清楚的”；misty意为“朦胧不清的”。这四个词中，只有faint可以修饰字迹。

44． Ahighly organized system of irrigation is______Chinese agriculture. A．typical of

B．consistent with C．famous for D．subject to

正确答案：A 解析：词组辨析。typical of意为“特有的，典型的”；consistent with意为“与……一致；与……相符合”；famous for意为“以……著名”；subject to意为“由……决定的；取决于……的”。

45． The Brownings have not______yet and I doubt whether they will come. A．turned in B．turned out C．turned up D．turned to

正确答案：C

解析：动词词组辨析。turn up意为“出现，露面”；turn in意为“归还，递交……”；turn out意为“原来是，证明是”；turn to意为“求助于、求教于”。

46． We went on a(n)______to the mountain yesterday. A．excursion B．trip C．tour D．travel

正确答案：A

解析：意近名词辨析。excursion意为“远足，短途旅行”；trip意为“旅游出行，行程”；tour意为“游历，观光”；travel意为“(长途)旅行”。

47． To what extent will future scientific discoveries make possible the______of the human life span?

A．increase B．expansion C．growth

D．prolongation

正确答案：D

解析：近似名词辨析。prolongation意为“延长，拉长”；increase意为“增加；增大”；expansion意为“扩大，扩充”；growth意为“增长，增加；生长”。

48． She was at the______ of her career when she was badly injured in the car accident.

A．bloom B．peak C．excess D．extreme

正确答案：B

解析：名词用法。peak意为“顶点，顶峰”，常用于词组at the peak of中；bloom意为“开花期；繁花盛开”，常用于词组in the bloom of…；excess意为“超越，越过”；extreme意为“极度(状态)”。

49． The audience waited in______silence while their aged speaker searched among his note for the figures he could not remember.

A．respective B．respect C．respectful D．respectable

正确答案：C

解析：形近意近形容词辨析。respectful意为“尊敬的；恭敬的”；respective意为“各自的，分别的”；respect是名词，意为“尊敬”；respectable意为“可敬的”。

50． The disappearance of her paper has never been______. A．counted for B．looked up C．accounted for D．checked up

正确答案：C

解析：动词词组辨析。account for意为“解释；说明”；count for意为“值，计”；look up意为“查检”；cheek up意为“核实”。

PART V READING COMPREHENSION (25 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.

“Mirror worlds” is only one of David Gelernter’s big ideas. Another is “lifestreams”—in essence, vast electronic diaries. “Every document you create and every document other people send you are stored in your lifestream,” he wrote in the mid-1990s together with Eric Freeman, who produced a doctoral thesis on the topic. Putting electronic documents in chronological order, they said, would make it easier for people to manage all their digital output and experiences. Lifestreams have not yet replaced the desktop on personal computers, as Mr. Gelernter had hoped. Indeed, a software start-up to implement the idea folded in 2004. But today something quite similar can be found all over the web in many different forms. Blogs are essentially electronic diaries. Personal newsfeeds are at the heart of Facebook and other social networks. A torrent of short text messages appears on Twitter. Certain individuals are going even further than Mr. Gelernter expected. Some are digitising their entire offices, including pictures, bills and correspondence. Others record their whole life. Gordon Bell, a researcher at Microsoft, puts everything he has accumulated, written, photographed and presented in his “local cyberspace”. Yet others “log” every aspect of their lives with wearable cameras. The latest trend is “life-tracking”. Practitioners keep meticulous digital records of things they do: how much coffee they drink, how much work they do each day, what books they are reading, and so on. Much of this is done manually by putting the data into a PC or, increasingly, a smartphone. But people are also using sensors, mainly to keep track of their vital, signs, for instance to see how well they sleep or how fast they run. The first self-trackers were mostly liber-geeks fascinated by numbers. But the more recent converts simply want to learn more about themselves, says Gary Wolf, a technology writer and co-founder of a blog called “The Quantified Self”. They want to use technology to help them identify factors that make them depressed, keep them from sleeping or affect their cognitive performance. One self-tracker learned, for instance, that eating a lot of butter allowed him to solve arithmetic problems faster. A market for self-tracking devices is already emerging. Fitbit and Greengoose, two start-ups, are selling wireless accelerometers that can track a user’s physical activity. Zeo, another start-up, has developed an alarm clock that comes with a headband to measure people’s brainwave activity at night and chart their sleep on the web. As people create more such self-tracking data, firms will start to mine them and offer services based on the result. Xobni, for example, analyses people’s inboxes (“xobni” spelled backwards) to help them manage their e-mail and contacts. It lists them according to the intensity of the electronic relationship rather than in alphabetical order. Users are sometimes surprised by the results, says Jeff Bonforte, the firm’s boss: “They think it’s creepy when we list other people before their girlfriend or wife. “

51． According to the passage, “lifestream” are______. A．documents about an individual daily life B．software storing electronic diaries C．streams in one’s life

D．a great idea about putting electronic documents in time order

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。根据文章首段第二句、第三句可知，lifestreams是David的一个新创意，用来储存和处理电子日记的，包括自己和他人的文档的一个创意，而且第四句进一步补充了信息，“这些文档是按照时间顺序排列的”。故答案为D。

52． Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about “lifestream”? A．It is a big idea of David Gelernter.

B．It can substitute the desktop on personal computers.

C．It is not the only one that can record our life over the web. D．It’s expected to store picture and bills as well.

正确答案：D

解析：纽节题。题目要求找出不正确的表述，可用排除法。首段another一词点明lifestreams是David Gelernter的一个创意，故A项吻合原文；根据B项中desktop、personal computer可定位至第二段首句，和原文相符，故B表述是正确的。C选项指出lifestreams不是惟一一个可以在网上记录我们生活的想法，根据第二段第三句可知，类似功能的软件有很多种类，故此陈述也是正确的。根据D中picture、bills定位至第三段第一、二句，可知，这些功能是Gelernter先生没有预想到的，故D选项表述不对。

53． People can use self-tracking to______.

A．count out the quantity of coffee they drink a day B．help them run faster

C．help them or learn about themselves D．do the arithmetic problems

正确答案：C

解析：推理题。根据题目self—tracking可定位至文章第四、五段，题目结构为use…to do，表明使用的目的或功能，因此可从这两段得知，记录日常活动如喝咖啡、观察睡眠或跑步的速度、或者用来更加了解自己，故只有C选项符合，其他选项表述片面或者表述错误。

． What does the passage mainly discuss?

A．The development of software recording our lives. B．Gelernter’s ideas.

C．The implement of lifestreams. D．Emerging of self-tracking.

正确答案：A

解析：推理题。文章首段提出Gelernter的新创意——lifestreams，紧接着提出其他类似功能的软件的出现和功能的发展，尤其是self—tracking的功能越来越多。故答案应为A。

55． Xobni schedules that office workers arrange their self-tracking data according to______.

A．chronological order

B．the frequency of contacting on the web C．the alphabetical order D．the family relationship

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。根据文章末尾段落可以得知，人们不是根据亲属关系或者字母顺序来管理邮件和联系人的，而是根据电子联系的强度。因此答案为B。

A paradox of education is that presenting information in a way that looks easy to learn often has the opposite effect. Numerous studies have demonstrated that when people are forced to think hard about what they are shown they remember it better, so it is worth looking at ways this can be done. And a piece of research about to be published in Cognition, by Daniel Oppenheimer, a psychologist at Princeton University, and his colleagues, suggests a simple one: make the text conveying the information harder to read. Dr. Oppenheimer recruited 28 volunteers aged between 18 and 40 and asked them to learn, from written descriptions, about three “species” of extraterrestrial alien, each of which had seven features. This task was meant to be similar to learning about animal species in a biology lesson. It used aliens in place of actual species to be certain that the participants could not draw on prior knowledge. Half of the volunteers were presented with the information in difficult-to-read fonts (12-point Comic Sans MS 75% greyscale and 12-point Bodoni MT 75% greyscale). The other half saw it in 16-point Arial pure-black font, which tests have shown is one of the easiest to read. Participants were given 90 seconds to memorise the information in the lists. They were then distracted with unrelated tasks for a quarter of an hour or so, before being asked questions about the aliens, such as “What is the diet of the Pangerish?” and “What colour eyes does the Norgletti have?” The upshot was that those reading the Arial font got the answers right 72. 8% of the time, on average. Those forced to read the more difficult fonts answered correctly 86. 5% of the time. The question was, would this result translate from the controlled circumstances of the laboratory to the unruly environment of the classroom? It did. When the researchers asked teachers to use the technique in high-school lessons on chemistry, physics, English and history, they got similar results. The lesson, then, is to make text books harder to read, not easier.

56． Which of the following statements is true?

A．The easier the information is presented, the better people can memorize. B．No experiments have proved the paradox of education., C．The information harder to read impresses people most. D．Daniel Oppenheimer works in Cognition.

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。如阅读篇章中第一题为细节题，通常题目会设置在文章的开篇细节描述中。文章首段告知：教育的矛盾性，越简单的信息学习效果反而相反，而且许多研究也表明了这一点，尤其提到心理学家David和他的同事的研究也表明这一点，他们的研究成果即将发表在《认知》杂志上，因此可推出四项中表述正确的为C。

57． According to the study carried out by Dr. Oppenheimer, information to be conveyed is about

A．animal species in a biology lesson B．three species of extraterrestrial alien C．written descriptions

D．participants’ prior knowledge

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。根据题目中information in Dr．Oppenheimer’s study可定位至文中第二段，此段描述了实验的对象和任务，志愿者们需学习书面表达的3种外星人的不同特征，因此答案为B。A项偷换概念，原文只提到和生物课上物种学习类似，C选项只是提到信息的形式，不完整。D项实验设定的信息无关。

58． We can infer from the passage that______influences participants’ performance in the study.

A．fonts presenting the information B．Arial pure-black C．Comic Sans MS D．Bodoni MT

正确答案：A

解析：细节题。根据选项B、C、D提供的信息，我们可以迅速定位至文中第三到五段，实验安排书面文字使用不同的字体，研究发现字体的设置对学习者有影响，故B、C、D为具体字体，属于片面信息，因此正确答案为A，全面概括了其他三项的信息。

59． The participants were tested______.

A．in 90 seconds to memorise the information in the lists B．to answer questions about the aliens directly C．with very difficult tasks

D．with distraction prior to the related information

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。题目询问实验参与者的测试方面的具体信息，可从文中第五段得知，实验者首先给出90秒记忆所给信息，而A选项则是参与者在90秒内默诵出测试信息，是错误信息；然后在正式测试相关信息前，实验者被提问到其他不相关信息，故B选项正好相反，而D选项和原文相符，因此为正确答案。

60． The author is______about/to the result of the studies in uncontrolled environment of the classroom.

A．doubtful B．certain C．cautious D．indifferent

正确答案：B 解析：推断题。文章末尾中进一步研究实验结果在真实教学环境下的运用效果，而事实上得出相同结果，因此，从文中“It did”或“The lesson is to make textbooks harder to reader”，可得出作者对这一结论还是很认可的，故答案府为B。

This is the 12th book of poems in about 50 years of writing by a great Northern Irish poet who is now in his eighth decade, “and who recently recovered from a serious illness. Ageing and that brush with death have profoundly marked this new collection by Seamus Heaney. The change has stripped the poetry back to spare concentration on the small things of life—an old suit, the filling of a fountain pen, the hug that didn’t happen—which then open up to ever fuller significance, the more closely they are examined. It has also made the poems easier to engage with: there are no puzzling Ulsterisms, for instance. Complications have been tossed aside. Words are no longer delved into for their etymological significance as they were in the 1970s. Now they are caressed for their mellifluousness. The collection feels personal—as if it had a compelling need to be written. A decade and a half ago Mr. Heaney told The Economist that once the evil banalities of sectarianism seemed to be receding, his verse was able to admit the “big words” with which poetry had once abounded: soul and spirit, for example. In this collection both are present, at some level. The words describing a simple act—the passing of meal in sacks by aid workers onto a trailer—in the title poem, “Human Chain”, transform this 12-line poem into a kind of parable. There is the collective, shared human burden of the act itself—the “stoop and drag and drain” of the heavy lifting—and then there is the wonderful letting go: “Nothing surpassed/That quick unburdening. “ Is the poet talking about the toil of life, and the aftermath of that toil? The poems snatch precious remembered moments. They linger over the sweetness of particulars—vetch, the feel of an eel on a line. They pay attention to the heightened ritual of everyday things. The lines are short but move at a gentle pace and need to be read slowly, as the verse drifts back and forth over its country setting like a long-legged fly on a stream. Above all, and this is an odd thing to say of words on a page, the book feels like handcrafted work. Time and again Mr. Heaney returns to the image of the pen. He began his long career writing of such a pen, nestling snug as a gun between finger and thumb. The gun, we hope, is history. The pen still nestles, fruitfully.

61． What is the distinction between the 12th book of poems and others by

Seamus Heaney?

A．Writing style.

B．The change of tepics. C．An old suit vs. a new one. D．The degree of importance.

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。题目中12th book可将信息定位至文章的首段，主要叙述这本诗集的主题、撰写时作者的状况以及和其他诗集的不同，尤其提到这本诗集的话题发生变化，主要紧扣生活琐事引发深思。因此答案为B。

62． The poems are easier to appreciate due to all of the following reasons EXCEPT______.

A．ulsterisms have faded out in the poems B．words used are sweet and smooth C．seeking for originality D．they seem individual

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。由选项中Ulsterisms，words等词可定位至文中第二段，此题考查这本诗集的平易近人的原因。从第二段得知，这本诗集不再存有Ulsterisms，复杂性也被摒弃了，语言转为流畅，内容似乎更个性化，因此A、B、D都和原文相符，故答案为C。

63． It can be inferred from Paragraph Three that the poet ______. A．hoped the sectarianism would give way to soul and spirit B．was able to use the “big words” in his verse later C．presented soul and spirit in the poems D．banned talking about big words

正确答案：A

解析：推理题。从第三段可知，诗人对宗派主义的不满，仅当宗派主义消退时，诗人才愿意将“灵魂和心灵”这样的大词写入诗句中。因此可推出A项。B项和原文不符，文中提到他现在的诗集中已经出现了这样的大词；C选项符合原文，但不是推断出来的，和题目不符；D项表述错误。

． Which of the following would NOT be an example of the topics in the poems?

A．An eel.

B．Human burden. C．Vetch.

D．Ritual of daily things.

正确答案：A

解析：细节题。题目中要求找出选项中不是诗集中所提到的话题。从第三、四段中可知，诗集曾描述过human burden、vetch、ritual in everyday things，因此，只有A选项不符合原文，第四段只提到vetch就像在线上的鳗鱼，而不是鳗鱼本身，故答案为A。

65． It can be revealed from the passage that the poet is a(n)______person. A．knowledgeable B．determined C．patriotic D．optimistic

正确答案：B

解析：推断题。题目要求从原文中推出最佳描述诗人的词汇。从文章开篇诗人已经80高龄了，而且刚从疾病中恢复过来，并且一直都在进行创作，因此四个词汇中最能体现诗人的应是B，非常有意志力的，能一直坚持自己的理想和创作。

In the digital realm, things seem always to happen the wrong way round. Whereas Google has hurried to scan books into its digital catalogue, a group of national libraries has begun saving what the online giant leaves behind. For although search engines such as Google index the web, they do not archive it. Many websites just disappear when their owner runs out of money or interest, Adam Farquhar, in charge of digital projects for the British Library, points out that the world has in some ways a better record of the beginning of the 20th century than of the beginning of the 21st. In 1996 Brewster Kahle, a computer scientist and internet entrepreneur, founded the Internet Archive, a non-profit organisation dedicated to preserving websites. He also began gently harassing national libraries to worry about preserving the web. They started to pay attention when several elections produced interesting material that never touched paper. In 2003 eleven national libraries and the Internet Archive launched a project to preserve “born-digital” information: the kind that has never existed as anything but digitally. Called the-International Internet Preservation Consortium (IIPC) , it now includes 39 large institutional libraries. But the task is impossible. One reason is the sheer amount of data on the web. The groups have already collected several petabytes of data (a petabyte can hold roughly 10 trillion copies of this article). Another issue is ensuring that the data is stored in a format that makes it available in centuries to come. Ancient manuscripts are still readable. But much digital media from the past is readable only on a handful of fragile and antique machines, if at all. The IIPC has set a single format, making it more likely that future historians will be able to find a machine to read the data. But a single solution cannot capture all content. Web publishers increasingly serve up content-rich pages based on complex data sets. Audio and video programmes based on proprietary formats such as Windows Media Player are another challenge. What will happen if Microsoft is bankrupt and forgotten in 2210? The biggest problem, for now, is money. The British Library estimates that it costs half as much to store a digital

document as it does a physical one. But there are a lot more digital ones. America’s Library of Congress enjoys a specific mandate, and budget, to save the web. The British Library is still seeking one. So national libraries have decided to split the task. Each has taken responsibility for the digital works in its national top-level domain (web-address suffixes such as “. uk” or “. fr”). In countries with larger domains, such as Britain and America, curators cannot hope to save everything. They are concentrating on material of national interest, such as elections, news sites and citizen journalism or innovative uses of the web. The daily death of countless websites has brought a new sense of urgency—and forced libraries to adapt culturally as well. Past practice was to tag every new document as it arrived. Now precision must be sacrificed to scale and speed. The task started before standards, goals or budgets are set. And they may yet change. Just like many websites, libraries will be stuck in what is known as “permanent beta”.

66． What does the sentence “things seem always to happen the wrong way round” (in Paragraph 1) mean?

A．New problems arise from the development of the digital technology. B．Google should save all the books in its web. C．Websites should be kept for ever. D．Things turn out to be wrong.

正确答案：A

解析：推理题。从题目中将信息锁定在文章首段，这句话作为首段第一句，引起读者好奇心的同时引出文章话题。从文中可知，虽然Google将许多书已经收人电子书库，但新的问题出现了，许多网站由于多种原因消失了，对于存档这一任务21世纪表现不佳，因此可以推出首句旨在表明新的问题发生了。故答案为A。

67． It can be inferred that the preservation of websites is a______task. A．good B．profitable C．long neglected D．multiple

正确答案：C 解析：推断题。根据题目中the preservation of websites可定位至文章第二段。第二段从Brewster的工作叙述起，他成立了一个非盈利组织致力于网站保存，因此可以排除B选项。而且他使其他国家图书馆开始意识到这些问题并开始着手此类工作，因此可以推出这项工作在这之前是被人忽视的，故答案为C。

68． Why is it impossible to finish the task proposed by IIPC? A．Data on the web is too huge. B．The format of data is a trouble.

C．The growing complex data sets on the web. D．All of the above.

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。由IIPC将题目定位在文章第三、四段。由文中符号词如one reason，another issue，和another challenge可知原因一共有三个，分别为数据巨大、数据格式和数据越来越复杂，故答案为D。

69． It can be inferred from Paragraph Five that the best funding comes from______.

A．finance from governments B．company’s sponsor

C．organizations themselves D．national libraries

正确答案：A

解析：细节题。从第五段可知，各国家图书馆分摊这项巨大的任务，尤其是域名较大的国家，任务量大、资金也紧缺。但文中特别提到美国国会图书馆享受国家授权和预算，而大英图书馆则在寻觅的过程中，故可推出A为最佳资金来源。

70． The last paragraph reveals the writer’s attitude toward the libraries’ work on the preservation of websites is______.

A．in different B．neutral C．supportive D．critical

正确答案：D

解析：推理题。从文章末段可知，作者认为目前各图书馆开展的工作牺牲了资料的标注精确性而追求规模和速度，并且缺乏统一的标准、目标和预算，而且这些因素还存在变动。作者借用网络语“试用版”来形容目前各图书馆将存在的状态，故选项D中critical一词“批判的”为最佳词汇，因此答案为D。

PART VI WRITING (45 MIN)

SECTION A COMPOSITION (35 MIN)

71． The Chinese government has announced new policies to help students-turned village officials develop their career, in an effort to sustain the program that recruits college graduates to work in rural areas. This has led to a heated debate as to whether college graduates should work in rural areas.Write on ANSWER SHEET THREE a composition of about 200 words on the following topic : Should College Students Work in Rural Areas?You are to write in three parts.In the first part,

state clearly what your view is.In the second part, support your view with appropriate reasons.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization , grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.

正确答案： Should College Students Work in Rural Areas? Currently a heated discussion is going around on whether college graduates should work in rural areas. The fact is that the government has carried out new policies to help students-turned village officials develop their career to encourage them to work in rural areas. I believe it is a wise choice. These energetic and knowledgeable graduates can contribute a lot to the development of the countryside. They can apply what they have acquired in their academic years there. They also can introduce innovative thinking to the primitive areas and speed up the social development. They will ultimately bridge the gap between the city and the countryside. Numerous aspiring college graduates have been reported to start their own businesses using their knowledge and expertise in rural areas—businesses like farm produce processing, orchards, small farms and cooperatives. These will bring a new driving force for the rural economic development. These people of great abilities can also benefit a lot from working as village officials on business people. While countless graduates are struggling for the handful of positions in big cities, these green hands can find themselves a brand-new world in remote mountainous areas. According to the new policies, they will be allowed to run in village elections for party chief, village head and deputy head. If elected, they will continue to enjoy government subsidies. These will offer a new blood to our government. Naturally, college graduates, working as village officials on starting their own buinesses, will achieve a win-win and therefore, more graduates should be encouraged to work in the countryside.

解析： 大学毕业生是否应该去乡村工作这一话题颇具争议。无论利弊，现在是鼓励大学生毕业后去乡村做村官，并且鼓励他们创业，发展自己的事业。本文可从两个角度来考虑。一、这些朝气蓬勃的知识青年将会促进农村的发展。他们不仅可以将所用到农村，同时将创造性的思想传播到相对闭塞的农村去。据说许多有志向的青年开始了自己的创业，带动了农村经济的发展。二、这些有能力的人也会在乡村的工作经历中受益。现今不计其数的大学生一毕业就面临失业，很难在大城市找到理想的工作，但以他们的教育背景，在偏僻的农村将大有作为。鼓励他们竞选村干部，同时享受补贴。他们将会给现有带来新鲜血液。总之，大学生去农村工作将是一个双赢的决策，应该鼓励更多的有志青年去乡村工作。

SECTION B NOTE-WRITING (10 MIN)

72． Write on ANSWER SHEET THREE a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation : You’ve learned that your friend Jimmy has been ill these days. Write him a note expressing your concern, asking after his health and giving your best wishes.Marks will be awarded for content, organization , grammar and appropriateness.

正确答案： November 8, 2010 Dear Jimmy,Sorry to hear that you’ve been ill these days. I became very worried when I heard you had caught a terrible flu. So I am writing to ask how you are now. I suggest that you should take a complete physical checkup. My help will be available as my uncle is a doctor. Let me know if you need any help. Yours, Lee

解析： 朋友生病，写便条问候，需要简洁明了，不可拖泥带水。表达你对朋友病情的关注时，建议他做些什么，或者自己提供些帮助，显示出你对他的关心和真诚。