一般现在时,现在进行时,一般过去时讲解

（1）基本用法

1. 一般过去时通常用来表示过去发生的动作或存在的状况。如： --- Where were you last week? 上周你在哪儿？

--- I was at my uncle's home in the countryside. （上周）我在乡下的叔叔家。

2. 有些情况，发生时间没有明确标明，但实际上是过去发生的，应用过去时态；另外，在谈到已故去的人时，也多用过去时。如：

He bought a cat, and now they are good friends. 他买了一只猫，现在他们是好朋友了。 Lu Xun was a great writer. 鲁迅是一位伟大的作家。

（2）时间状语

与一般过去时连用的时间状语有：yesterday（昨天）, last night（昨晚）, last week（上个星期）, four days ago（四天前）, in 2002（在2002年）, just now（刚才）, the day before yesterday（前天）等。如：

He went to the park yesterday. 她昨天去了花园。 I was ten years old in 2001. 我2001年才10岁。 （3）动词的过去式

在一般过去时态中会涉及到动词的过去式，大家要掌握规则动词的过去式的变化规则。其基本的变化规则如下：

① 一般情况下，在动词原形后直接ed。如：play –played , look –looked 。 ② 以e结尾的动词在其后加d。如：like –liked, use –used。

③ 与辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y变成i 再加ed。 如：carry – carried, marry - married。 ④ 以重读闭音节（或r音节）结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母，再加ed。如： stop –stopped, prefer –preferred。

当然，刚才提到的都是规则动词的构成，我们还学过许多不规则动词的过去式形式。如：am – was, are – were, put – put, see – saw, eat – ate等，这些可需要我们在课下牢牢记住哟！

一般现在时态

一、 定义与讲解

一般现在时：表示经常性的事情，经常性的动作或一般性事实。 二、一般现在时的用法

表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态；表示客观事实或普遍真理；在时间、条件等状语从句中，用现在时表示将来；在某些以here，there开头的句子中，用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作

三、时间状语：often 经常，usually通常，always 总是，every每个，sometimes 有时，at …在几点钟

只有在第三人称单数用动词的“三单变化”，其他用动词的原形。 动词三单变化规则：

1.多数在动词后＋s play — plays like — likes （1）直接在动词词尾加-s.

ask---asks work---works get---gets stay---stays （2）以字母s, x, ch, sh或o结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-es. watch---watches wish---wishes fix---fixes do---does go---goes pass---passes

（3）以“辅音字母加 - y”结尾的动词，要先变y为i再加-es. try---tries study---studies cry---cries fly---flies

情况 构成方法 读音 清辅音后读/s/ 浊辅音和元音后读例词 swim-swims；help-helps；like-likes 一般情况 加 -s /z/ 以辅音字母+o结尾的词 以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词 以辅音字母+y结尾的词 不规则变化have和be动词 2.不规则变化： be---- is are have----has 四、一般现在时的结构 一般现在时的结构 肯定式 I work. You work. We work. They work. He(She,It) works. 疑问式 Do you work? Do you work? Do you work? Do they work? Does he(she,it) work? 否定式 I don't work. You don't work. We don't work. They don't work. He(She,It) doesn't work.

否定疑问式 Don't you work? Don't you work? Don't you work? Don't they work? Doesn't he(she it) work? 加 -es 读/z/ goes,does 加 -es 读/iz/ watches,washes 变y 为i再加es 读/z/ study-studies 变have 为 has变be为am,is,are have-has be-am,is,are 现在进行时态

一、概念、

现在进行时表说话时正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作．

结构：助动词 be ( am / is / are ) +现在分词.

二、 现在分词的构成：

1.大多数动词后可在动词后直接加-ing．

Eg: carry-carrying,catch-catching,drink-drinking, enjoy-enjoying hurry-hurrying ,do-doing , read-reading , think-thinking

2. 如果动词以-e结尾,则去掉-e,再加-ing,

如come-coming , have-having , make-making,ride-riding,write-writing,take-taking,use-using． 3. 如果动词只有一个元音字母,而其后跟有一个辅音字母时,将此辅音字母双写,再加-ing

如： hit-hitting,let-letting, put-putting,run-running,sit-sitting．

4. 如果动词有两个音节,且重音在第二个音节上,则末尾的辅音字母须双写,再加-ing,

如: for’get-forgetting, pre’fer-preferring,up’set-upsetting．试比较 ’benefit/benfiting, ’differ/differing,’profit/profiting,这些词的重音在第一个音节上,因此其末尾的辅音字母不双写．

5. 以 -ic 结尾的动词,应先把 -ic 变为 -ick,再加 -ing, eg: panic/panicking,picnic/picnicking,但 lie/lying ,die/dying,tie/tying是特殊变化要记住． 三、句型结构：

1.现在进行时的肯定形式、否定形式、疑问形式及其回答,所有变化都体现在助动词 be ( is / am / are ) 上．

1)现在进行时的肯定形式：主语+be(am/ is/are)+doing+其他成分 I am singing . They are writing .

2)现在进行时的否定形式:主语+be(am/ is/are)+not +doing+其他成分

I am not singing . They aren’t writing .

3）一般疑问句及回答：be(am/ is/are)+ 主语+doing+其他成分

Am I singing ? Yes ,you are . / No ,you aren’t . Are they writing ? Yes ,they are . / No ,they aren’t .

4)特殊疑问句及回答:特殊疑问词+be(am/ is/are)+主语+doing+其他成分

What are you doing ? We are playing (要求就提问内容具体回答).

3.说明: 不是所有动词都能用现在进行时态的,如：see、like、want、know 等动词往往都不用进行时态． 四．用法：

1.表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情．往往与 now,at the moment,just 等副词连用,以示强调．We are waiting for you？ What are you doing? Some one’s knocking at the door．

2.正在进行着的动作可视为未完成的动作。He’s talking to his friends in the classroom. 可用 still 一词强调动作的持续性 He’s still talking to his friends in the classroom. 3. 表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行．

Mr. Black is writing another article. Don’t take that book away. Your father’s using it. She is learning piano under Mr. Black.

4.现在进行时可用来表示不会长期发生的动作或情况,或被认为在短期内正在进行的动作或存在的情况：

What’s your brother doing these days? He’s studying English at Oxford University. 5.现在进行时也可以用来表示当前的动向：

People are becoming more and more beautiful these days. 6. 表示渐变的动词有：become,turn,get,grow,run,go,begin等．

The leaves are turning brow. It’s getting colder and colder. 7.与always,constantly,forever 等词连用,表反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩．

You are always changing your mind.

8. 现在进行时(以及 be going to）可以表示为将来安排好的活动和事件 We’re spending next winter in China. 用arrive,come,go,leave 等动词的现在进行时描写行 程安排,也通常有“将到达”和“将离去”的意思： He’s arriving tomorrow morning.

9.当现在进行时表示某事发生的次数过多时,则有时含有抱怨,讨厌,赞扬等的意思： He is always singing at night,and we can’t fall asleep late at night.

一、写出下列动词的过去式：

1.go______ 2. enjoy_________ 3.teach_______ 4.write________ 5. have______ 6.is(am)_____ 7.are_______ 8. want_______ 9. talk_______ 10.eat________ 11.carry________ 12. take________ 13. do______ 14. get_____ 15. catch_______ 二、用所给动词正确形式填空。

1. My mother ________(buy) a lot of postcards yesterday. 2. The twins_________(be) thirteen years old two years ago. 3. I ______ (get) up at half past six this morning. 4. Jim _______(help) an old man carry his bag just now. 5. There ______(be) a King many years ago. 6. Did you ______(have) a test yesterday? 7. I ________(come) to school at seven yesterday. 8. Once he _________(be) a shop assistant.

9. The bat _______(like) sleeping in the day and ______ (fly) out for food at night.

10.---Where does Mr. Lin_______(live)? ---He _______(live) in the USA. 11. Mother always ______(do) some washing after meals. 12.The twins _________ (wear) a pair of glasses every day. 13. A plane always _______(fly) high in the sky.

14.Grandpa usually __________(get) up early in the morning. 15. The two writers __________(visit) each other once a year. 16.I ________(play) football every day. 三、选择填空。

( ) 1. My parents were having supper when I _____ back home. A. come B. came C. coming D. comes

( ) 2. My sister ____ the Youth League last year. A. join B. joins C. joined D. joining ( ) 3. Father ______ his coat and went out. A. put on B. puts on C. putted on D. puted on

( ) 4. The teacher _____ me a question just now. A. ask B. asked C. asking D. asks

( ) 5. This is my ninth birthday and I _____ eight years old last year. A. was B. were C. is D. are

( ) 6. Did you ______ a letter to me last month? A. write B. writes C. writing D. wrote

( ) 7. Mother ______ a story about a hungry wolf yesterday. A. tell B. told C. tells D. telling ( ) 8. --- What did he do last week? --- He _______ his grandparents. A. visits B. visited C. is visiting D. visit

( ) 9. She picked up the apples and ______ it back to the old man. A. give B. gives C. gave D. is gaving

( ) 10. I ______ to the teacher, but I didn’t ______ her.

A. listen, heard B. listened, heard C. listened, hear D. listen, hear 四、句型转换：

1. They visit us every day.(用yesterday 替换 every day改写) They ________ ________ yesterday.

2. He arrives late every day. (用last Monday 替换 every day改写) He __________ _____ ______ ________.

3. I had an English class last Friday.(改为一般疑问句) _______ you _______ an English class last Friday? 4. It rained hard last night.(改为否定句) _______________________________________________

5. They played volley-ball yesterday afternoon.(对划线部分提问) ___________________________________________________