英语重点知识整理
Chapter 1 重点词语：
1. lose one’ s memory失去记忆 2.agree to do sth. 同意做某事 3. be connected to 与…连接 4.be angry with sth.对某人生气 5.injured=hurt 受伤 6.repair=mend=fix 修理
7.memorize=remember记忆 8.break down=go wrong出现故障 9.topic =subject 主题 10.between A and B 在A和B之间 11.strange=unusual=surprising
知识要点：
1.mind 大脑（指抽象的思维） =brain（一般指器官）lose one’s mind 发疯 lose one’ s memory 失忆 Eg.First ,you lose your memory. make up one’s mind to do 作出决定 keep/bear sb/sth in mind将…记在心中
拓展：a) mind doing sth. 介意做某事 用于疑问句或否定句中 Eg.Would you mind my smoking?
b) mind sth. 当心 Eg. Please mind the step. 当心台阶 2. imagine 想象 +句子\\doing sth.
Eg. I can't imagine what has happened. 我想象不出发生了什么事。 3.death n死亡
die v死亡 eg.Her husband died suddenly last week.
dead adj. 失去生命的 Eg.My mother’s dead;she died in 1987.我的母亲不在了，她是1987年去世的。
Eg. The computer died \\ was dead. =The computer didn’t work. 4.end 以..结尾 end sth with sth以…为结束
eg.They ended the play with a song.他们以一首歌结束了这出戏。
at the end of the week/month/year在周末、月底、年终时(in the end最后) 5.go wrong出现问题 =don’t work
(went wrong=stopped working=didn’t work)
语法： If 引导的条件状语从句
条件状语从句，表示主句动作发生的条件。由If引导的条件状语从句表示假如有从句的动作发生就会有主句的动作发生。
1) 结构： if作“如果”解，用来引导条件状语从句，可放在主句前面或后面。 Eg. If I finish my report, I will be very happy. =I will be very happy, if I finish my report. 2）unless 除非 =if ……not
3）时态：主观：if+句子（一般现在时），句子（一般将来时） 客观：if+句子（一般现在时），句子（一般现在时） 4）转换 if从句和主句还可以由“祈使句+and、or+简单句”代替
and：句意顺承 or：否则 Eg. If you study hard, you’ll pass exam.
= Study hard, and you’ll pass exam.
If you don’t hurry up, you’ll miss the train. = Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train.
5）if 有“是否”的意思
Eg. Do you know if（是否） he will come tomorrow？ I don’t know if (是否)he will come tomorrow. If(如果) he comes ,I will tell you .
Chapter 2
重点词语：
1.all around the world 全世界 2.a number of =some一些 3.be full of=be filled with 充满…… 4.show=be on screen 上映
5.create =make=produce 产生 6.together=with each other一起 7. feel like doing sth. =want to do sth.想要做某事 8. get into trouble =cause a problem 使……陷入麻烦 9．stay up =go to bed very late 熬夜 10.wonder = want to know 想知道
11.around = everywhere = here and there 到处
知识要点：
1.success n成功 successful adj. 成功的 succeed in doing sth. v成功做某事 successfully adv. 成功地 Eg. It was a great success.
2. a number of 一些（复数） the number of ……的数量（单数）
Eg. The number of students in our class is 51, and a number of them are good students.
3. though 尽管
Though he is old , he runs fast .= He runs fast though he is old . “though”不能“but”连用
4.bad-tempered = easily get angry 脾气坏的
2.What do you think of …? = How do you like…?
语法：形容词（adj.） 1） adj.+ n 作定语
Eg. She is a tall, beautiful girl.
2）be/look /sound,/smell/taste /feel /seem+ adj. 作表语 有些形容词只能作表语： alive , awake , asleep ,alone …… Eg. It sounds good.
2） make, keep, want, find, think, like, prefer +sb. +adj. 作宾语补足语 Eg. We make the child happy.
4) It is +adj. +to do sth. Sth. + is +adj. + to do sth. Eg. It is interesting to read the book.
Chapter 3
重点词语：
1.warmth=heat热量 2. take action 采取行动 3.cause =lead to 导致 4.in order to…为了… 5.inform = tell 通知 6.grateful = thankful 感激 7. reach=get in=arrive at\\in到达 8.absorb=take in 吸收（反义词：give sth out） 9.prefer sth. = like sth. Better 10. mountains of= a lot of=lots of 许多 11.keep……doing sth. =stop\\prevent……(from)doing sth.阻止……做某事 12. prefer A to B =like A better than B 喜欢A 甚于B 13.solve a problem=work out a problem 解决问题
知识要点：
1. n+less=adj.（反）
home（家）+less= homeless （无家可归） 2. too much + n 太多（数量） much too + adj. 太… （程度）
Eg. I can’t eat too much. I was much too tired. 3.without与if 转换 Eg. Without water，we would be die. =If there is no water, we would be died. 4.in order to +do sth in order that + 句子
5.as much （+不可数名词） as 和… 一样多 as many （+ 可数名词）as 和….一样多
语法：
1） When we ask for reasons, we use 'why' The reason why+句子
2） because+句子 because of +短语 because不能与so连用
Eg. He didn’t come to school because he was ill.
=He was ill, so he didn’t come to school.
3）like a)像…… 表示事物在一个或多个方面相同 b)喜欢 Eg. Who dose he look like? Which book do you like? like+名词或代词 as+从句
Eg. The boy looks likes his father. I will do as you advise. 4) as +adj.\\adv.(原级) + as 表示双方状况一模一样 Eg. My school is as heavy as yours.
5) not so\\as + adj.\\adv. (原级) +as 表示双方状况不（那么）一样 Eg. It is not so\\as hot as yesterday.
Chapter 4
重点词语：
1. return to = go back to 返回 2. in case =if 如果 3. fortunate = lucky 幸运的 4.attend to = take part in参加
5.go on sightseeing tour 进行观光旅游 6.be (deeply) moved by 被…(深深地)感动
7.improve=make sth… better 改善 8.learn about = know about 了解 9.since then = after that 从那时起 10.give a talk about 做一个关于……的演讲
11.keep in touch with sb. =communicate with 与…保持联系
知识要点：
1. look forward to + doing sth. 期待做某事 Eg. I am looking forward to welcoming you. 2.accept 接受 反义词： refuse 拒绝 Eg. He received my gift but he didn’t accept it.
3. sb ’s aim is to do 某人的目标是…… Eg. My aim is to pass the exam. 4. take sth. with sb. 某人带某物 take some photos 拍照 Eg. You can take it with you. 语法：状语从句
A.目的状语从句 :表示目的 回答 what for或for what purpose的问题，常用关联词 so that ,in order that等引导，一般置于主语之后。目的状语从句的谓语动词常由“情态动词+动词原形”构成Eg. I do morning exercises every day so that I can keep healthy.
B.结果状语从句:是表示事态结果的从句，通常主句是原因，从句是结果。由so that（从句中一般没有情态动词），so ……that，such……that引导。注：so many、much、few、little……that(固定搭配) 1) such a\\an adj. +n.(单数) +that从句 =so adj.\\adv. a\\an +n (单数) +that从句
Eg. She is such a lovely girl that everyone likes her. = She is so lovely a girl that everyone likes her. 2) such (+adj.)+n(复数)+ that从句
Eg. He has such long arms that he can almost touch the ceiling. =His arms are so long that he can almost touch the ceiling. 3) such (+adj.)+n(不可数)+that从句
Eg. She made such rapid progress that the teacher praised her. 4) so adj.\\adv. + that从句
C让步状语从句 although与though引导，后面不能有but，但可以有still或yet . Eg. Although it was late, she still studying.
Chapter 5
重点词语：
1.stunning=attractive极好的 2.prepare for =get ready to准备…… 3.quit=leave 离开 4.take lesson=have lesson 上课 5.be strict with sb. 对某人严格 be strict in sth. 对某事严格
6. manage to do sth. =try to do sth.设法做某事 7.at a price以很高的代价 8 give someone a hand=help sb. 帮助某人 9.be grateful for =be thankful to 感谢某人
10. give up doing sth. =stop doing sth.放弃做某事
知识要点：
1. be born 出生 （常用过去时） Eg. When and where were you born? 2.be strict with sb 对某人要求严格 be strict in sth.对某事要求严格 Eg. My father is very strict with me.
Our teachers are very strict with our home work. 2.one of the + 最高级 + 名词复数 ….之一
Eg.Lang Lang is one of the youngest and most famous pianists of our time.
3. western adj. 西方的——west西n. eastern adj.东方的——east 东n. northern adj.北方的—— north北n. southern adj.南方的——south南n. 4.fall ill =get sick 生病
Eg. I fell ill two days ago. =I have been ill for two days.
fall ill为非延续性词，不能和一段时间连用，所以要用be ill。
5.appointment 约会 make\\have an appointment with和……预约\\有约 cancel an appointment 取消约会 keep an appointment 践约 Eg. I have an appointment with my friends. 6.at the age of 在…岁
Eg.Lang Lang began taking piano lessons at the age of three. = Lang Lang began taking piano lessons when he was three.
7.clothing 衣服总称，不可数，谓语用单数，用a piece of\\an article of clothes 指具体衣服，为复数名词，谓语用复数，用a suit of \wo suits of clothes. 注： a piece of cloth 一块布
8.介词与时间 ：at+时间点 on+具体某一天 in+月、季节、年 Eg. at 8’clock on Sunday morning in January 8.independent 独立的 反义词：dependent adj.依赖 depend on 依赖于……
Eg. We should be independent.
语法：past continuous tense(过去进行时) a)过去进行时+时间点
Eg. I was watching TV with my family at 9 last night.
b) 过去进行时(持续性动词)+while+过去进行时(持续性动词) 表示两个动词在过去某一具体时刻进行同时进行
Eg. My mother was cooking while my father was watching TV. c)过去进行时(持续性动词)+when+一般过去时(短暂性动词) Eg. The boy was playing basketball when the teacher came in.
Chapter 6 重点词语：
1.method= way 方法 2.gain=get 得到
3.select=choose 选择 4.come along= show up 出现 5.have to=must 必须 6.go on = continue 继续 7.properly=correctly\\right 恰当地；正确地 8.joy=happiness=pleasure 欢乐 9.pass by =go pass 经过 10.except = not including 除了
11.encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 12.beg 请求 beg sb. to do = ask sb. to do
知识要点：
1.expect for除了 = not including 比较except 、except for、beside
The bus was empty, except for tom. （前后不同类） We go to school every day except weekend. （前后不同类） We have winter holiday besides summer holiday.（相当于and） 2.beg 请求v. beggar 乞丐n
beg sb. to do sth. =ask sb .to do sth. 请求某人做某事 beg sb. for sth. =ask sb. for sth 向某人要什么 Eg. I beg your pardon.
3.joy =happiness=pleasure 欢乐 joyful 快乐的 joyless不快乐的 to one’s joy令……感到快乐 to one’s surprise令……感到惊奇 Eg. Success brought him joy 4. 反义疑问句
a.陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式 可记为 前肯后否定. Eg. He is a student , isn’t he ?
b.陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式 可记为 前否后肯定. Eg. He isn’t a student， is he ?
口诀：前肯后否，前否后肯，前be后be，前无be后助,时态一致。 5.more and more+ adj.越来越…… Eg. She became more and more beautiful.
6. pass by =go pass 经过 cross =go across 过马路 Eg. Time passed quickly. 语法：定语从句
在英语中，修饰名词或代词的叫定语从句，其作用的作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它修饰的先行词后面。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词
代表人：who 、that 代表物：which、that The girl who\hat has long hair is my sister. The house which\hat is high is my house.
只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况： a. there be句型 ；
b. 在不定代词，如anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等做先行词； c.先行词有the only ,little修饰；
d.先行词有序数词、数词、形容词最高词； e.先行词既有人，又有物时；
关系代词只能用which，不能用that的情况：
a.先行词为that，those时; Eg. What’s that which is under the desk? b.关系词前有介词 Eg.This is the room is which he lives?
Chapter 7
重点词语：
1.seldom =rarely=not very often 很少 2. latest= the newest 最新的 3.responsibility=duty 责任 4. whole =complete 整个的 5.useful=helpful 6. expect=hope for 期待 7.disturb=interrupt=give trouble to……打扰 8.receive=get得到
9.last =to continue in time 持续 10.perform=show 表演 11.make it =succeed 获得成功 12. look after =take care of 看管 13.a generous amount of =a number amount of 一大笔 14.make a decision = decide to do 决定
知识要点：
1. spend-spent-spent 花费
Eg.She spent 200 yuan on a new pair of shoes
a) spend time\\money on sth.表示“在某方面花费时间、钱”介词on后接名词或代名词
b) spend time\\money in doing sth.表示“花费时间、钱做某事”介词in可以省略，后接动名词
2. whole =complete 整个的 whole 与 all区别：all 放在冠词，物主代词或其他限定词之前，whole则放在这些词之后。 Eg. all my life=my whole life all the world=the whole world I will try my best to protect the environment in my whole life. 3.afford 付得起= have enough money to pay for sth.
常与can 或 be able to 连用eg. I can’t afford the time for an hour.
4.therefore=for that reason 因此
therefore与so的区别是therefore后有“，” eg. He was ill, so he didn’t come to school.
= He was ill; therefore, he didn’t come to school.
5.generous 慷慨的 反：selfish 自私的 an amount of 大量的 a generous amount of =a number amount of 一大笔
amount +不可数 n number+可数n
eg. the amount of money the number of student an amount of money a number of mistakes 6.complain（v.）+about =make a complaint (n.)about 抱怨 7. ask\ell sb. (not) to do sth.叫某人（不）要做某事
Eg. Teacher asks us not to be late.
语法：直接引语和间接引语
直接引语：当我们引用别人的的话语时，若引用的是原话，是引用的部分叫直接引语。eg. He said, “my mother is the most beautiful woman in the world.”
间接引语：He said his mother is the most beautiful woman in the world. 直接引语转化为间接引语要注意：
1.标点符号的变化 2.人称的变化 3.时态的变化 4.时间状语、地点状语和指示代词的变化
A 陈述句：直接引语改为间接引语时，时态的变化：a)如果主句的动词是现在时或将来时，间接引语的时态不变;b)如果主句动词的时态是过去时，间接引语的时态要变成相应的过去时态.eg. We will have a rest tomorrow. They said they would have a rest the next day. 直接引语中的时态 间接引语中的时态 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般过去时，现在完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在进行时 过去进行时 can\\may\\shall could\\might\\should 注意：1）若直接引语为客观真理，则变为间接引语时时态不变： Eg .The teacher said to us “Knowledge is power”. The teacher told us that Knowledge is power.
2）有时直接引语有特定的过去时态状语，变为间接引语时态也不变： Eg. He said that his daughter was born in 1997. He said that his daughter was born in 1997.
直接引语变为间接引语时，有些时间状语也要做相应的变动： 直接引语 间接引语 Now （现在） Then（那时） Today（今天） That day（那天） Tonight（今晚） That night（那天晚上） This week（本周） That week（上周） Yesterday（昨天） The day before（前一天） The day before yesterday（昨天之前） Two days before（前二天） Two days ago（两天前） Three days before（三天前） Last week（上周） The last week（前一周） Tomorrow（明天） The next day（第二天） Next week（下周） The next week （第二个星期） B转述祈使句时，要用相应的不定式。 Eg The monitor ordered, “Keep silent.” The monitor ordered us to keep silent. The teacher said, “Don’t be late again.” The teacher told us not to be late again.
C转述一般疑问句时，用asked……if、whether，注意要把一般疑问句转述为陈述句型。 If和whether通常情况下通用，但是如果句中有or not，就只能用whether. Eg. My friend asked me, “Do you like English?” My friend asked me if/whether I like English?”
D转述特殊疑问句时，用asked……+疑问词，注意要把特殊疑问句转化为陈述句句型。
Eg .Mary asked me, “who is she?” Mary asked me who she was.
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