【免费下载】星火系列模拟题Model test 3

Model test 3:44 replacement: [U] the act of replacing one thing with another, especially sth that is newer or better: the replacement of worn car parts ◆ replacement windows[C] a thing that replaces sth, especially because the first thing is old, broken, etc: a hip replacement ◆ If your passport is stolen you should apply for a replacement immediately.[C] ~ (for sb) a person who replaces another person in an organization, especially in their job: We need to find a replacement for Sue.Substitute: ~ (for sb/sth) a person or thing that you use or have instead of the one you normally use or have72. interval: a period of time between two events: The interval between major earthquakes might be 200 yearsIdioms: at ( ...) intervalswith time between: Buses to the city leave at regular intervals.75Transmit: ~ (sth) (from ...) (to ...) to send an electronic signal, radio or television broadcast, etc: [VN, usually +adv./prep.] signals transmitted from a satellite ◆ The ceremony was transmitted live by satellite to over fifty countries. ◆ [V] a short-wave radio that can transmit as well as receive[VN] to pass sth from one person to another: sexually transmitted diseases ◆ Parents can unwittingly transmit their own fears to their children.[VN] (technical) to allow heat, light, sound, etc. to pass throughTransform: change for better 79 dropPhrasal Verbs: drop back / behind drop behind sb to move or fall into position behind sb else: We cannot afford to drop behind our competitors.drop by / in / rounddrop in on sbdrop into sth to pay an informal visit to a person or a place: Drop by sometime. ◆ I thought I'd drop in on you while I was passing. ◆ Sorry we're late-we dropped into the pub on the way.drop off (BrE, informal)to fall into a light sleep: I dropped off and missed the end of the film.to become fewer or less: Traffic in the town has dropped off since the bypass opened.drop out (of sth)to no longer take part in or be part of sth: He has dropped out of active politics. ◆ a word that has dropped out of the languageto leave school, college, etc. without finishing your studies: She started an engineering degree but dropped out after only a year.related noun DROPOUT (1)80. implement noun a tool or an instrument, often one that is quite simple and that is used outdoors: agricultural implementsInstrument: a tool or device used for a particular task, especially for delicate or scientific work: surgical / optical / precision instrumentsa device used for measuring speed, distance, temperature, etc. in a vehicle or on a piece of machinery: the flight instruments ◆ the instrument panelappliance: a machine that is designed to do a particular thing in the home, such as preparing food, heating or cleaning: electrical / household appliances ◆ They sell a wide range of domestic appliances-washing machines, dishwashers and so on.Equipment: the things that are needed for a particular purpose or activity: a useful piece of equipment for the kitchen ◆ medical / office equipment ◆ new equipment for the sports club94.Against: close to, touching or hitting sb/sth: Put the piano there, against the wall. ◆ The rain beat against the windows.in order to prevent sth from happening or to reduce the harm caused by sth: an injection against rabies ◆ They took precautions against fire. ◆ Are we insured against theft?with sth in the background, as a contrast: His red clothes stood out clearly against the snow. ◆ (figurative) The love story unfolds against a background of civil war.used when you are comparing two things: You must weigh the benefits against the cost. ◆ Check your receipts against the statement. ◆ What's the rate of exchange against the dollar?Model test 431. acceptance: 1. the act of agreeing with sth and approving of it: The new laws have gained widespread acceptance.2. U] the process of allowing sb to join sth or be a member of a group: Your acceptance into the insurance plan is guaranteed. ◆ Social acceptance is important for most young people.3.[U] willingness to accept an unpleasant or difficult situation: acceptance of death / sufferingRecognition: noun[U] the act of remembering who sb is when you see them, or of identifying what sth is: He glanced briefly towards her but there was no sign of recognition. ◆ the automatic recognition of handwriting and printed text by computer[sing., U] ~ (that ...) the act of accepting that sth exists, is true or is official: a growing recognition that older people have potential too ◆ There is a general recognition of the urgent need for reform. ◆ to seek international / official / formal recognition as a sovereign state ◆ The government granted full diplomatic recognition to the republics.[U] ~ (for sth) public praise and reward for sb's work or actions: She gained only minimal recognition for her work. ◆ He received the award in recognition of his success over the past year.46: inhibit verb [VN]to prevent sth from happening or make it happen more slowly or less frequently than normal: A lack of oxygen may inhibit brain development in the unborn child. ◆ Financial considerations are inhibiting access to higher education.78. 断。attack.~ sb (from sth / from doing sth) to make sb nervous or embarrassed so that they are unable to do sth: The managing director's presence inhibited them from airing their problems.Adoption: [C, U] the act of adopting a child: She put the baby up for adoption.[U] the decision to start using sth such as an idea, a plan or a name: the adoption of new technology[C, U] (BrE, politics) the act of choosing sb as a candidate for an election: his adoption as the Labour candidateis annoying: continual complaints / continuous pain重复或持续发生 连续之间允许有间interruptions ◆ Prisoners' families face continual harassment and continual: 持续不断的，频繁的， continuing without interruptionrepeated many times in a way that continuous /kənˈtɪn.ju.əs/ adjective without a pause or interruption:My computer makes a continuous low buzzing noise.A continuous white line (= line road means no overtaking.80. Lead BrE) (also leash AmE, BrE) [C] a long piece of leather, chain or rope used for holding and controlling a dog: Dogs must be kept on a lead in the park.

Model test 5

53. preserve verb[VN] to keep a particular quality, feature, etc.; to make sure that sth is kept: He was anxious to preserve his reputation. ◆ Efforts to preserve the peace have failed. ◆ She managed to preserve her sense of humour under very trying circumstances.

[often passive] to keep sth in its original state in good condition: [VN] a perfectly preserved 14th-century house ◆ (humorous) Is he really 60? He's remarkably well preserved. ◆ [VN-ADJ] This vase has been preserved intact.

[VN] to prevent sth, especially food, from decaying by treating it in a particular way: olives preserved in brine ◆ Wax polish preserves wood and leather.

[VN] ~ sb/sth (from sth) to keep sb/sth alive, or safe from harm or danger: The society was set up to preserve endangered species from extinction.conserve verb [VN]

to use as little of sth as possible so that it lasts a long time: Help to conserve energy by insulating your home.

to protect sth and prevent it from being changed or destroyed: new laws to conserve wildlife in the area

noun [C, U] jam containing large or whole pieces of fruit: a strawberry conserve57. should: 1 FORMAL used when referring to a possible event in the future:

without spaces) in the middle of the If anyone should ask for me, I'll be in the manager's office.Should you (= If you) ever need anything, please don't hesitate to contact me.2 used after 'that' and adjectives or nouns that show an opinion or feeling:

It's odd that she should think I would want to see her again.It's so unfair that she should have died so young.3 used after 'that' to suggest that a situation possibly exists or might come into existence:

We agree that the money should be paid tomorrow.4 FORMAL used after 'so that' and 'in order that' to show purpose:

He took his umbrella so that he shouldn't get wet.5 FORMAL used after 'for fear that', 'in case' and 'lest':He took his umbrella in case it should rain.

(formal) used to refer to a possible event or situation: If you should change your mind, do let me know. ◆ In case you should need any help, here's my number. ◆ Should anyone call (= if anyone calls), please tell them I'm busy.

69. framework nounthe parts of a building or an object that support its weight and give it shape: built on a wooden / metal framework

~ (of / for sth) a set of beliefs, ideas or rules that is used as the basis for making judgements, decisions, etc: The report provides a framework for further research. ◆ We are currently exploring new approaches within existing frameworks of practice and thinking.

the structure of a particular system: We need to establish a legal framework for the protection of the environment. ◆ the basic framework of society fabric noun[U, C] material made by weaving wool, cotton, silk, etc., used for making clothes, curtains, etc. and for covering furniture: cotton / knitted fabric ◆ furnishing fabrics

[sing.] the ~ (of sth) (written) the basic structure of a society, an organization, etc. that enables it to function successfully: a trend which threatens the very fabric of society[sing.] the ~ (of sth) the basic structure of a building, such as the walls, floor and roof

75. assess verb~ sb/sth (as sth) to make a judgement about the nature or quality of sb/sth: [VN] It's difficult to assess the effects of these changes. ◆ to assess a patient's needs ◆ Interviews allow you to assess the suitability of candidates. ◆ The young men were assessed as either safe or unsafe drivers. ◆ I'd assess your chances as low. ◆ [V wh-] The committee assesses whether a building is worth preserving. ◆ We are trying to assess how well the system works.

[VN] ~ sth (at sth) to calculate the amount or value of sth: They have assessed the amount of compensation to be paid. ◆ Damage to the building was assessed at £40 000.appraise verb [VN](formal) to consider or examine sb/sth and form an opinion about them or it: an appraising glance / look ◆ She stepped back to appraise her workmanship. ◆ His eyes coolly appraised the young woman before him.

to make a formal judgement about the value of a person's work, usually after a discussion with them about it: Managers must appraise all staff.Model 6

33. proclaim verbto publicly and officially tell people about sth important, especially something positiveThe president proclaimed a state of emergency. The day was proclaimed a public holiday.

Pronounce: to say or give sth formally, officially or publicly: [VN] to pronounce an opinion ◆ The judge will pronounce sentence today. ◆ [VN-N] She pronounced him the winner of the competition. ◆ I now pronounce you man and wife (= in a marriage ceremony). ◆ [VN-ADJ] She was pronounced dead on arrival at the hospital. ◆ [VN to inf] He pronounced the country to be in a state of war. [also V that, V speech]publicize (BrE also publicise) verb[VN] to make sth known to the public; to advertise sth: They flew to Europe to publicize the plight of the refugees. ◆ a much / highly / widely publicized speech (= that has received a lot of attention on television, in newspapers, etc.) ◆ He was in London publicizing his new biography of Kennedy.Announce: to give information about sth in a public place, especially through a LOUDSPEAKER: [VN] Has our flight been announced yet? ◆ The winners will be announced in reverse order. ◆ [V that] They announced that the flight would be delayed. [also V speech]issue 2 verb [T] to produce or provide something official:The office will be issuing permits on Tuesday and Thursday mornings.The school issued a statement about its plans to the press.The school issued the press with a statement about its plans.to issue passports / visas / tickets34 crop 2 The potatoes cropped well this year1 to make something shorter or smaller, especially by cutting:He had his hair cropped when he went into the army.2 When animals such as sheep or horses crop grass or other plants, they eat the top parts.3 to cut off some or all of the edges from a photograph, leaving only the most important partcrop up: to appear or happen, especially when it is not expected: His name just cropped up in conversation. I'll be late-something's cropped up at the office.45. provision noun, verbn.供应；预备；条款[ pl.]给养，口粮noun[U, C, usually sing.] the act of supplying sb with sth that they need or want; sth that is supplied: educational / housing provision ◆ The government is responsible for the provision of health care. ◆ There is no provision for anyone to sit down here. ◆ The provision of specialist teachers is being increased.[U, C] ~ for sb/sth preparations that you make for sth that might or will happen in the future: He had already made provisions for (= planned for the financial future of) his wife and children before the accident. ◆ You should make provision for things going wrong. ◆ Small businesses are advised to make adequate provisions against bad debts. ◆ The plans for developing the area include provision for both water and field sports.(provisions) [pl.] supplies of food and drink, especially for a long journey: We have enough provisions to last us two weeks.[C] a condition or an arrangement in a legal document: Under the provisions of the lease, the tenant is responsible for repairs.