导学案U2M3 Reading

高一英语导学案 班级_____ 姓名_____

Unit2M3 Reading

一 Guiding

Lead-in

1. Are you good at English? What doyou think is the most difficult part of studying English, pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary or something else?

—————————————————————————————————————— 2. What do you know about the history or development of the English language?

——————————————————————————————————————— 3. Do you think English has always stayed the same?

——————————————————————————————————————— 4. If English changed, how did these changes happen?

——————————————————————————————————————— 二 Learning

Work in pairs: Read the article again. Fill in each blank with no more than one word according to the text.

English and its history

Introduction

(1) _____ up of the grammar and vocabulary from different countries and cultures, the English language has so many difficult and (2) ________ rules. The (3) ______ of English

Old English In the middle 5th century, Britain was (4) __________ by the Angles and the Saxons, who brought their language into Old English. · At the end of the 9th century, Old English was also mixed with the language of Demark and Norway. · By the 10th century, Old English became the (5) _______ language of England.

Middle English Normans had a great (6) ______ _________ on the development of Middle English from around the 12th to the 15th centuries, but their language, Old French didn’t take the place of English as the first language.

Many words in English language were borrowed from French, which (7) _______ even more words with similar meanings. ·A French way of making plurals was introduced into English. ·By the latter half of the 14th century, English had been (8) ______ used among all classes in England.

(9) ______ English Greatly influenced by the Renaissance, this language includes many Latin and Greek words. · Lots of changes also took place in (10) ____________.

Read the text carefully and choose the best answer to each question.

1. The effect of the Angles and Saxons on English is about ______ years earlier than that of the Normans. A. 600 B. 450 C. 300 D. 250 2. From the text, we can learn that ______.

A. the plural forms of man and child were borrowed from French

B. the Angles and Saxons made the greatest contribution in the history of English C. Old English was made up of Celtic and the languages of the Angles and the Saxons

D. English has many words and phrases with similar meanings which came from different languages Language focus

1. The English language is made up of the grammar and vocabulary these people brought to Britain. (lines 2-3)

be made up of 由……组成（构成）

e.g The medical team was made up of twelve doctors. 医疗队由十二名医生组成。 拓展：make up有多种含义: 1) 形成，构成 e.g. Women make up 56% of the student numbers. 女生占学生人数的56%。 2)编造 e.g. The whole story is made up. 整个故事都是虚构的。

3) 补足, 弥补 e.g. We need $50 to make up the loss. 我们需要五十元以弥补损失。

4) 化妆 e.g. It took her more than an hour to make herself up.她花了一个多小时才打扮好。 2. Then two Germanic groups… occupied Britain. (lines 8-10)

occupy v. 占领，占有(时间、空间等)

e.g. In the movie, the army occupied the enemy’s capital.

在这部电影中，占领了敌国首都。

Though they occupy the house next door, we seldom speak to each other. 虽然他们住在隔壁，但我们很少说话。

The speeches occupied three hours, which made each of us so bored. 发言共占去三个小时，让我们非常厌烦。

3. Old English consisted of a mixture of their languages. (line 10) consist vi. 组成,构成 consist of 由……组成（构成）

e.g. A university consists of teachers, administrators and students.

大学由教师, 行政人员和学生组成。

Our book consists of 3 units. 我们的书有3单元。 consist with 一致，相符

e.g. Our deeds must consist with our words. 我们必须言行一致。 consist in 在于, 存在于

e.g. Tolerance consists in respecting the opinions of others. 宽容在于尊重别人的意见。 The beauty of the picture consists in its colors. 这幅画的美在于其色彩。 4. Both the English language … are named after the Angles… (lines 10-12) name after 以…… 命名

e.g. The machine is named after its inventor. 这台机器是以其发明者的名字命名的。 5. Aside from place names… became part of Old English. (lines 12-13) aside from 除…… 之外

e.g. Everything was quiet, aside from the occasional sound of a car in the distance. 除了远处偶尔有汽车的声响外, 四周一片寂静。

6. The most important contribution was from the Normans, a French-speakingpeople who defeated England and took control of the country in 1066. contribution n. 贡献，促成因素

e.g. He made a very positive contribution to the overall success of the project. 他对项目的全面成功作出了非常积极的贡献。 defeat vt. 击败，战胜，困惑

e.g. Our football team defeated theirs this time. 这一次我们的足球队胜了他们的足球队。 The instruction manual completely defeated me. 这个操作指南使我完全弄糊涂了。 take control of 控制，取得对……的控制

e.g. Take control of the situation instead of feeling overwhelmed or powerless. 控制局势，而不应被它左右或束手无策。

Take control of your own destiny. 掌握自己的命运。 control 1) v. 控制; 支配; 管理; 克制; 抑制

e.g. She is skillful enough to control the machine. 她已有了足够的技术可以操纵这台机器了。

You must learn to control your temper. 你必须学会克制着不发脾气。 2) n. 支配;控制;调节;抑制 [(+of/over)]

e.g. They have no control over him. 他们控制不了他。

There must be someone who can take control of these naughty children. 应该有人能管住这些淘气的孩子。 control相关的词组：

in control of… 控制，管理 in the control of… 由……控制/负责

be/come/ bring/get under control 处于控制 under the control of… 受……的控制 be/get out of control 无法管理，失去控制 lose control of… 失去对……的控制 The boy is no longer ___________________ his parents.

Police at present ____________ the crowd. With the help of firefighters, they got the fire ____________.

Mum was angry to see her children ____________.

Who do you let be ___________ your class while you’re out? 7. … which led to Old English replacing Celtic. (lines 28-30) lead to 导致，引发

e.g. Too much work and too little rest often lead to illness. 过多的工作和过少的休息会引发疾病。

This misprint led to great confusion. 这个印刷错误给人造成了极大的费解。 lead to 还能表示“通往”

e.g. All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。

注：to为介词，其后可跟名词，也可构成结构lead to sb. doing，表示“导致某人做某事” 。 e.g. As a child, she showed an interest in small animals, which led to her taking up the study of biology when she grew up.

她小时候就对小动物产生了兴趣，这也使得她长大后选择了学习生物。 replace vt. 1) 取代; 以......代替 [(+with/by)]

e.g. The brakes have to be replaced. 刹车需要更换。

Electric lights have replaced candles. 电灯已经取代了蜡烛。 2) 把...... 放回(原处)

e.g. She replaced the receiver. 她将听筒放了回去。 3) 归还; 偿还

e.g. I will replace the cup I broke. 我愿用一个新杯子赔还我打碎的一只。 8. This resulted in even more words with similar meanings… (lines 32-34) result in 结果;导致 (lead to)

e.g. Carelessness resulted in lots of accidents. 粗心造成大量交通事故。

result from 由于，因为 (because of, due to) e.g. His failure resulted largely from his

laziness. 他的失败主要是懒惰所致。

result 还可作名词，常用词组： as a result (of)

e.g. It rains today; as a result, we have to put off our picnic. = As a result of rain, we have to put off our picnic.

练练吧

• His success ___ working hard.

• Too much cigarettes ____ his deaths.

• He had to take a taxi to work ___ the bad weather.

A. result in B. as a result of C. results from D. as a result

9. After the Norman Conquest, many English people worked as servants who raised animals. (lines 35-36)

raise vt. 养育，培养，增加，提高， 筹募，提及，举起

e.g. The baby was raised on soybean milk. 这孩子是用豆浆喂养大的。 The landlord raised my rent to $200. 房东把租金提高到$ 200。

They are going to raise money for the school buildings. 他们将为盖校舍筹集资金。 He raised his glass and said: “Your health, Carl.” 他举起了杯子说道:“祝你健康,卡尔。 None of them raised any objection. 他们谁也没提出反对意见。 【拓展】

不同于raise，rise一般为不及物动词，作“上升”解，常用于日、月、烟雾、水汽、气温、物价、生病时的体温、水位、人 的职位等；也作“起床，起身”解。 e.g. The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。 He always rises early. 他总是早早起床。 用raise或rise的适当形式填空。

1. The chairman _______ from his chair and came forward to greet her. 2. As the sun _________ in the sky the temperature climbed. 3. He _________ the question at the meeting. 难句解析

1. The most important contribution was from the Normans, a French-speaking people who

defeated England and took control of the country in 1066. (P22)

最大的贡献来自于语的诺曼人，他们于1066年击败英格兰并控制了这个国家。

【分析】这是一个复合句。本句的主干是The most important contribution was from the Normans；a French-speaking people who … in 1066是the Normans的同位语，其中，who引导性定语从句，修饰people；在该定语从句中，defeated和took control of是并列的两个谓语。

2. However, the Norman Conquest did not affect English as much as the Angles and the Saxons’ victory about 600 years earlier, which led to Old English replacing Celtic. (P22-P23) 然而，诺曼征服对英语的影响并不及约600年前盎格鲁人和撒克逊人的胜利对英语 的影响，那场胜利导致古英语替代了凯尔特语。

分析 ：这是一个复合句。the Norman Conquest did not affect English是句子的主干，as much as … earlier是方式状语；which引导非性定语从句，修饰victory。 考点考例

1. That is why English has so many difficult rules that confuse people. [考点] 表语从句的用法 [考例1]

The last time we had great fun was ______ we were visiting the Water Park. (天津2008) A. where B. how C. when D. why [考例2]

Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was ______ it was rather closely modeled on his own life. (北京 2010) A. what B. that C. why D. whether 2. In fact, we would not be able to understand it if we heard it today.

[考点] 本句使用了虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反的假设。这时，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去式，主句中的谓语动词用would / should / could / might ＋ 动词原形。 [考例]

If I _____ plan to do anything I wanted to, I’d like to go to and travel through as much of it as possible. (湖北2005)

A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to

3. After the Norman Conquest, high-class people spoke French while common people spoke English. [考点] 当while用作并列连词时，意为“而、然而”，表对比、转折。 [考例1]

I’d like to study law at university _____ my cousin prefers geography.(四川2007) A. though B. as C. while D. for [考例2]

The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, ______ the quality of life is probably one of the highest. (天津2006) A. since B. when C. as D. while 练练吧

Complete the following sentences according to the initials or Chinese. 1 I’m fond of football and it o______ most of my spare time.

2. Children learn v_________ from talking, reading, writing and from playing with words. 3. My dad likes reading and if no one disturbs him, he’ll spend the e_____ weekend reading books in the study.

4. This kind of car uses less fuel and t_______ it is environmentally friendly. 5. We should make a d________ between right and wrong whatever we do.

6. Learning is a long p______ and we should remember that no one is too old to learn. 7. N________ we increasingly depend on computers to work and live.

8. Listen to the tape and choose the right word or p______ you hear in the passage. 9. — Where is he from?

— I don’t know. But according to his ______ (口音), he may come from the South of India. 10. I had a flat tyre on the way home, so I had to ______ (替换) it with a new one in order to get home.

11. I’ve never heard him ______ (提高) his voice. Obviously, he was really angry just now. Complete the following sentences. Use one word for each blank. 1. 我们猜想当他老了，一定是他的儿子掌管公司。

We guess that _______ _______ _______ _________ his son will ______ _______ _______ the company when he gets old.

2. 新学期开始了。我们将选王海为班长。

A new term begins. We’ll ______ Wang Hai _________ of our class. 3. 孩子们经常围着圈坐着来听老师讲故事。

The children often _________ _________ ___________ to listen to their teacher tell stories. 4. 你一制定出计划，就马上告诉我。

As soon as you work out the plan, ______ me ___________ it immediately. 5. 我和妹妹最大的一个不同就是我安静, 而她比较外向。

_________ ____________ ____________ between my sister and me is that I am quiet and she is relatively outgoing.

6. 杰克将来能否上大学这个问题不好回答。

The question _________ _______ Jack can go to university ______ _______ _________ is not easy to answer.

7. 新加坡人会讲英语、汉语和马来西亚 语，但他们的官方语言是英语。

Singaporeans can speak English, Chinese and Malaysian, but their______ ________ is English.