研究生英语翻译考试复习

[4] They found that the positive-thinkers among longtime representatives sold 37-percent more insurance than did the negative-thinkers. 划线部分为主谓倒装句，是比较句型常见形式。

本句译文：他们发现，在工龄较长的推销员中，积极思考者比消极思考者要多推37％的保险额。参见课文第五段第二句。

[5] Impressed, the company hired 100 people who had failed the standard industry test but had scored high on optimism.

Impressed在此为过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语为the company。 本句译文：公司受到了触动，便雇用了100名虽未通过标准化企业测试但在态度乐观一项得分很高的人。

[7] When they failed on the first call or two, pessimists said, \"I can't do this.\"

从句中they指代主句主语pessimists，划线部分意为：“When the first few people they phoned refused to donate blood.”

本句译文：当他们的第一、二个电话未能得到对方同意时，悲观者说：“我干不了这事。”

[10] Optimists may think they are better than the facts would justify—and sometimes that's what keeps them alive.

划线部分意为：“overestimate themselves; regard themselves as better than they really are”。 本句译文：乐观主义者也许过高地评价自己－－有时正是这一点使他们充满活力。

[13] It is a pattern of thinking learned \"at your mother's knee\"，says Seligman. It grows out of thousands of cautions or encouragements, negative statements or positive ones.

at one’s mother’s knee 意为“在母亲膝下”，在此指孩提时代。grow out of 有“产生于”的意思。划线部分为cautions or encouragements 的同位语。

本句译文：塞利格曼说，这是一种早在所谓“母亲膝下”就开始形成的思维模式，来自千万次警告或鼓励，积极或消极的话语。

[18] Write down the first thing that comes to mind, unedited and uncensored.

动词censor本意为“检查并删减”，uncensored即“无删减的”；unedited和uncensored在此均为过去分词，作the first thing的非限定性定语。

本句译文：把你最初的想法原原本本地记下来，一字不改。

Unit two

[ 1 ] This new law bans industries from discharging chemical suspected of causing cancer (carcinogens) or birth defects into water supplies.

划线部分为本句基本结构。过去分词短语suspected…defects作chemical的定语，cancer or birth defects是causing的宾语。

本句译文：这一新法令禁止各工业部门向水源中排放被怀疑致癌和引起先天缺陷的化学物质。

[ 2 ] A day of esoteric science and incomprehensible jargon was predicted.

本句可理解为：Some people predicted that on that day, the discussions would be full of esoteric scientific theories and incomprehensible jargons.

本句译文：原来预计，开会那天将全是些玄妙的科学和难懂的术语。

[ 7 ] But Ames slaughters sacred cows. He's taking on the environmental movement, which some have called the single most important social movement of the 20th century.

划线部分为非限定性定语从句，修饰the environmental movement。single常与形容词或副词的最高级连用，表示强调。 本句译文：但是爱姆兹藐视一切貌似神圣不可冒犯的东西。他正向环境保护运动的观点进行挑战，有些人把环保运动称为20世纪最重要的运动。

[ 9 ]Armed with the knowledge that bacteria are sensitive to substances that cause mutation, and that carcinogens were likely to be mutagens, Ames developed a carcinogen test using bacteria.

Armed with the knowledge为过去分词短语，在此作伴随状语。划线部分是两个由连词that引导的从句，作knowledge的同位语。

木句译文：细菌对引起突变的物质很敏感，而致癌物很可能就是引起突变的物质。爱姆兹凭借这些知识，研究出了一种利用细菌检测致癌性的试验。

[ 10 ]To his surprise, many common hair dyes tested positive, as did a flame retardant used in children's pajamas.

划线部分为倒装句，其主语为a flame retardant, used in children’s pajamas为过去分词例组，在此作定语修饰a flame retardant。did替代谓语动词及其表语tested positive。

本句译义：使他惊异的是，像用于儿童睡衣中的一种阻燃剂一样，许多普通染发剂经测试都呈阳性。

[11] In fact, about half of all chemicals tested by Ames—both natural and man-made—turned out to be potentially carcinogenic when given in enormous doses to rats and mice. 划线部分可看作省略的状语从句，完整从句 \"when they are given…to rats and mice”。

本句译文：实际上，爱姆兹测试的大约一半的化学物，当用老鼠进行大剂量实验时，无论是天然或人造的都证明有潜在的致癌作用。

[12] His error had been making the common, but naive, assumption that only man-made chemicals could be dangerous.

划线部分为had been的表语，形容词common和naive均修饰assumption。

本句译文：他的错误在于他像很多人一样天真地认为只有人造化学物质是危险的。

[12] \"Why assume nature is benign?\" he now says.

划线部分为省略句，完整句为 “Why do we assume nature is benign?”。 本句译文：他现在要问：“为什么要推断天然就是无害的呢?”

[15] Some people assume Ames is a stooge for the chemical industry, which he is not.

划线部分为非限定性定语从句，which的先行词为a stooge for the chemical industry。 本句译文：有些人想当然地认为爱姆兹是化学工业的代言人。情况却并非如此。

Unit three

[ 2 ]Next, the rats are forced to make a choice, being driven to it by blasts of air or an electric shock.

划线部分是现在分词的被动式，用作方式状语，其逻辑主语是rats．句中的it指choice． 全句译文：第二步，对实验鼠施以强大气流或电击，强迫它做出选择。

[ 2 ]Yet the rat, when pushed, continues to jump to the left, becoming more panicky each time.

划线部分为状语从句的省略结构，when后面省去了it is．后面的分词结构用作伴随状语，其逻辑主语是rat．

全句译文：可是鼠被驱赶时却仍旧向左跳，并且每次都愈来愈惶恐不安。

[ 2 ]When the experimenter persists in forcing the rat to make choices, it may go into convulsions, racing around wildly, injuring its claws, bumping into chairs and tables, then going into a state of violent trembling, until it falls into a coma. 划线部分的分词平行结构作状语，表示结果。

全句译文：如实验者继续强迫鼠做出选择，鼠可能会进入癫狂状态，四下狂奔，弄伤爪子，撞上桌椅，直到昏迷不醒。

[ 3 ]It is the \"insolubility\" of the rat's problem that leads to its nervous breakdown, and, as Dr. Maier shows in his studies of disturbed children and adults, rats and human beings seem to go through pretty much the same stages. 划线部分为强调句式。

全句译文：鼠所面临问题的“不可解决性”导致了它的神经崩溃，而麦耶博士对心理失常的小孩和成人所做的研究报告表明，鼠和人经历的各个阶段大同小异。

[ 8]：Of course these instances are oversimplified, but it is often because of vicious circles of this kind that we are unable to get at or do anything about the conditions that lead to disaster.

同样是强调句式

全句译文：当然，这些例子难免过于简单化，但是确实常常由于这种类似的恶性循环使我们无法认清或处理导致灾难的不测事件的条件。

[ 3 ]finally, even with the goal visible in front of them, to be attained simply by making a different choice, they go crazy out of frustration. 同样也是强调句式。句中的介词短语even with the goal visible in front of them用作伴随状语，后面的不定式被动语念作定语，修饰goal.

全句译文：最后，即使目标就在眼前，只要做出不同的选择就唾手可得时，两者又都由于多次的受挫而发狂。

[ 4 ]Governed, like the rat, by a fixated reaction to the problem of her husband's faults, she

can meet it only in one way.

划线部分由过去分词引导的被动式作状语，表示原因，逻辑主语是全句的主语she.

全句译文：像鼠一样，妻子对丈夫的毛病受一种固定反应模式的摆布，她总是以同一种方式对待它。

[5]Again, white people in a northern city, deploring* the illiteracy* and high crime rate among Negroes, segregate them, persecute them (it is well known that the police are almost always tougher on Negro suspects than on whites),and deny them opportunities for employment and advancement.

划线部分的现在分词作原因状语，其逻辑主语是white people．全句为平行结构。 全句译文：再看一个例子。北方某城市的白人因不满黑人高文盲率和高犯罪率的状况而隔离他们、他们(众所周知，通常对黑人嫌疑犯比对白人嫌疑犯要粗暴得多)，并且拒绝给他们受雇与提升的机会。

[6]That interest destroyed, the students write even more poorly. 划线部分为过去分词结构作状语，表示原因。 全句译文：失去了兴趣，学生写得就更差了。

[8]we \"cannot afford\" to stop devising and manufacturing weapons so deadly that they cannot be used without destroying civilization itself.

weapons后面省略了which are，划线部分的so…that…结构中包含了双重否定。

全句译文：我们“无法”停止发明并制造一经使用就可致人类文明于绝地的致命武器。

[9]Dr. Maier's rats were driven to their nervous breakdowns by problems more complicated than would naturally occur in a rat's environment. 该句than后而省略了those problems that，划线部分为定语从句，修饰省略的those problems． 全句译文：麦耶博士的鼠遇到的难题比它在自然状态下能遇上的问题复杂得多。

Unit four

[4] Intertwined with the disclosures of a difficult romance are fragments of Einstein's thought as he struggled toward confidence in his concept of relativity. 划线部分为倒装结构，该句的主语是fragments of Einstein’s thoughts。 本句译文：与所披露的艰难的罗曼史交织在一起的是爱因斯坦为自己的相对论概念而努力奋斗的思想片断。

[7]Maric appears to have been more of \"a sounding board\" than a contributor to Einstein's ideas

句中“more…than…”的结构意为“倒，倒不如说”。

全句译文：与其说玛丽克是爱因斯坦思想的贡献者，不如说是爱因斯坦思想的“共鸣者”。又如：The book seems to be more a dictionary than a grammar．这本书看来与其说是一本语法书，倒不如说是一小词典。The child was more frightened than hurt．这孩子的伤倒不算什么，只是受惊不小。

[12]Interspersed among Einstein's repeated expressions of love were discussions of

scientific questions with which both were concerned.

该句为倒装结构，主语是discussions of scientific questions，后面跟的是which引导的定语从句，修饰questions，concern应接的介词with提前。 全句译文：在爱因斯坦的那些情意缱绻的信中随处可见他们就双方都关心的科学问题所做的讨论。

[13] While visiting the Swiss town of Aarau \"a good idea occurred to me, \" he wrote, \"about a way of investigating how a body's relative motion with respect to the luminiferous ether affects the velocity of propagation of light in transparent bodies. 划线部分修饰主语a good idea．

全句译文：在游览瑞士的阿劳城时，“我突然来了灵感，”他写道，“就是用于探究一个物体与传光以太的相对运动如何影响光在透明物体中的传播速度的一种方法。”

[14] He also was pondering \"the definition of absolute rest\ paradox that led him to his initial theory on relativity.

划线部分为同位语从句，修饰the definition of absolute rest．

全句译文：他还在思考“绝对静止的定义”，一种导致他产生最初相对论的似非而是的论点。

[18] \"I do not believe the structure of the human brain is to be blamed for the fact that man cannot grasp infinity,\" 划线部分为fact的同位语。

全句译文：我认为，人类不能掌握无限性，不应归咎于人脑的结构。

[20]Particularly remarkable, Mr. Holton said in an interview, is the extent to which their interest in physics dominates the correspondence despite their personal difficulties. 该句为倒装结构，主语是the extent．紧跟的是由which引导的定语从句，修饰主语。

全句译文：霍尔顿先生在一次访谈中曾说过，特别引人注目的是，尽管他们有个人的困难，但他们对物理学的兴趣在通信中却占了最重要的位置。

[21] \"Most important for historians of science\life Einstein \"was already deeply thinking about the nature of light, relativity and molecular motion.\"

该句的主句为倒装结构，主语是the evidence．that引导的是同位语从句，修饰the evidence． 全句译文：对科学史学工作者来说，最重要的是这些迹象表明，爱因斯坦这么早就已经在深刻地思考光的特性、相对论和分子运动的问题了。

Unit five

[4] No environmental problem threatens the \"planet\" or rates with the danger of a nuclear war.

在这句话中，注意动词短语的固定搭配，to rate with，汉语意思是 “和…相比”。

译文：没有任何环境问题威胁这颗星球，任何环境问题都无法和战争所带来的危害来比较。

[5] You can believe (as I do) that the possibility of greenhouse warming enhances an already strong case for an energy tax.

译文：你和我一样也会相信，温室效应可能已经强化了具有说服力的征缴能源税的理由。

[6] But it does not follow that anyone who disagrees with me is evil or even wrong. 划线部分是宾语从句。

译文：但是这并不意味着同我观点相悖的人就是居心叵测，或者是错误的。 例如：1．He has been to Italy, but it does not follow that he understands Italians. 他去过意大利，但是这并不能说他了解意大利人。

Unit six

[9] Here then is the first pole of life's paradoxical demands on us: Never too busy for the wonder and the awe of life. 这是一个省略句，全句应该为We should never be too busy for the wonder and the awe of life．句型是：too…for…，汉语意思是：太…不能 译文： 例如：

1．Her spirits are too low for work.她情绪太低落，不能工作。 2．It is too beautiful for words.这太美了，无法用语言来形容。

[16]Pursue not so much the material as the ideal, for ideals alone invest life with meaning and are of enduring worth.

在这句话中，注意句型：not so much…as…汉语意思是“与其说是…，不如说是…．”。 译文：与其追求物质不如追求理想，因为只有理想才使生命有意义，才有长存的价值。 例如：

1．Bad writing is caused not so much by mistakes in grammar as by weakness in style. 不好的文章，与其说是由于语法上的错误，不如说是由于文体上的错误。 2．Experience shows that success is not so much due to ability as to zeal. 经验表明，成功与其说是由于能力，倒不如说是由于热情。

[17] Add love to a house and you have a home.

划线部分是条件句，等于If you add love to a house, and you will have a home． 译文：如果你给一所房屋爱心，那么你就有了一个家。本段中的其他句子都属于同一种句式。