现在完成时练习资料

Ⅰ基本结构：have/has（助动词）+过去分词

PresentPerfectTense(现在完成时)

Ⅱ过去分词变化规律:

1．大部分动词的过去分词和过去式一致e.g.look-looked-lookedachieve-achieved-achieved

stop-stopped-stoppedstudy-studied-studied2.部分动词的过去分词为不规则变化，详见不规则动词表：

A-B-B型：teach-taught-taught；find-found-found；hear-heard-heardA-B-C型：break-broke-broken；fall-fell-fallen；know-knew-knownA-B-A型：run-ran-run；become-became-become；come-came-comeA-A-A型：hit-hit-hit；hurt-hurt-hurt；read-read-read

第二部分：现在完成时用法一

Ⅰ概念：表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成影响或结果，强调结果e.g.1.—Let’sgooutforlunch!

—Sorry,butIhavehadlunchalready.(之前已经吃过午饭，现在不去吃了)2.—Tom,whyareyouwatchingTVinsteadofdoingyourhomework?—Mom,Ihavefinishedmyhomework.(现在已经做完)Ⅱ基本句型

1.肯定句：Ihavefoundmypen.

一般疑问句：Haveyoufoundyourpen?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.否定句：Ihavenotfoundmypen.(havenot=haven’t)2.肯定句：Hehasfinishedthework.

一般疑问句：Hashefinishedthework?Yes,hehas./No,hehasn’t.否定句：Hehasnotfinishedthework.(hasnot=hasn’t)3.特殊疑问句：1）Ihavebeentofivetimes.Howmanytimeshaveyoubeento?2)Jimmyhasreadthebooktwice.HowmanytimeshasJimmyreadthebook?

练习：Marryhascleanedthelivingroomthreetimes.（否）：Marryhasn’tcleanedthelivingroomthreetomes.（一般）：HasMarrycleaned...?（肯定）：Yes,shehas.（否定）：No,shehasn’t.（提问）：HowmanytimeshasMarrycleaned...?

Ⅲ标志词：当表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成影响或结果时，现在完成时常与already,yet,ever,never,just,before,twice,manytimes等时间状语连用。1）already肯定句中或句尾，yet否定句和疑问句句尾

e.g.Ihavealreadyfoundmypen.=Ihavefoundmypenalready.

Ihavenotfinishedtheworkyet.

Haveyouboughtacomputeryet?No,notyet.2)ever曾经e.g.Haveyoueverseenpandas?3)never从不e.g.Ihaveneverreadthisbook.4)just刚刚e.g.Ihavejustdonemywork.5)before以前e.g.Wehavevisitedthemuseumbefore.6)次数e.g.Hehassavedmylifemanytimes.练习：用already或yet填空。

1.Haveyouhadlunch______?Yes,Ihave______hadlunch.2.Havetheytakendowntheoldpictures_______?3.Mostofushave______finishedourhomework.4.Wehaveseenthismovie______.

5.Bobhasn’tvisitedtheGreatWall_____.

第三部分：现在完成时用法二

Ⅰ概念：表示动作发生在过去，一直持续到现在，强调延续。e.g.IhavelivedinChongqingsince1990.

IhaveknownBobformanyyears.

Ⅱ标志：当表示动作发生在过去，一直持续到现在时，常与for…since…,during/in/overthelast(past)fewyears,inrecentyears,thesedays,sofar,recently,lately,bynow,uptonow等时间状语连用。1.for+时间段for3yearse.g.IhavestudiedEnglishfor3years.2.since

1)since+时间点sincelastyear/1990e.g.IhavestudiedEnglishsince2008.2)since+时间段+agosince3yearsagoe.g.IhavestudiedEnglishsince3yearsago.

3)since+句子（一般过去时态）sinceIcametoChongqinge.g.IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIcametoChongqing.

*注：对for和since提问都使用howlong。HowlonghaveyoustudiedEnglish?

练习：用for或since填空。

1.JillhasbeeninIreland_____lastMonday.2.JillhasbeeninIreland_____threedays.

3.MyaunthaslivedinAustralia_____15yearsago.

4.MargarethaslivedinChongqing_____shecametoChina.5.Indiahasbeenanindependentcountry_____1974.6.Thebusislate.We’vebeenwaiting_____20minutes.7.IhavestudiedEnglish_____Iwas7yearsold.

8.Mikehasbeenill_____alongtime.Hehasbeeninhospital_____October.9.Peterhaslearntthepianofor8years.(提问)10.IhavebeenateachersinceIleftschool.(提问)

Ⅲ延续性动词，非延续性动词及其替换

1.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作。如：learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay等。延续性动词常与表示时间段的状语for和since连用。e.g.Hehaslivedherefor6years.Youcankeepthebookfor5days.Istayedtherefor2weekslastyear.Howlongdidyoustaytherelastyear?

2.非延续性动词表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如：open,die,close,begin,finish,come,go,leave,move,borrow,lend,buy等。非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，不能够与时间段连用。e.g.Hedied5yearsago.

MyfatherleftChongqingyesterday.

注：否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。e.g.Ihaven’tleftherefor3years.Ihaven’theardfromhimfor3weeks.

Shehasn’tboughtanythingforherselfforalongtime.3.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：borrow---keepbuy---havebegin/start---beonfinish---beoverdie---bedeadbecome---bego/cometo---beinjoin---bein+组织机构/beamemberof+组织机构leave---beaway(from)open---beopenclose---beclosedmarry/getmarried---bemarriedfallill---beillcome/go/arrive/get---behere/there/infallasleep---beasleepe.g.Iboughtthebooklastmonth.---Ihavehadthebookforonemonth.

Themoviebeganfiveminutesago.---Themoviehasbeenonforfiveminutes.Thetrainleftanhourago.---Thetrainhasbeenawaysincehalfanhourago.Theoldmandied4yearsago.

=Theoldmanhasbeendeadsince4yearsago.=Itis/hasbeen4yearssincetheoldmandied.=Fouryearshaspassedsincetheoldmandied.

练习：将下列句子变为同义句。

1.Thismeetingbegan20minutesago.Thismeeting____________________20minutes.2.Tinaborrowedthisbook2weeksago.Tina__________thisbook_____2weeks.3.Myfatherboughtacarlastyear.Myfather__________acar_____lastyear.4.JackandRosegotmarriedfivemonthsago.JackandRose____________________fivemonthsago.5.MygrandfathercametoChongqing10yearsago.

=Mygrandfather_______________Chongqing_____10years.=It’s10years_____mygrandfather_____toChongqing.

=10years_______________mygrandfather_____toChongqing.

第四部分：现在完成时的注意事项

Ⅰ区别：havegoneto,havebeento,havebeenin.

1.have/hasgoneto表示去了某地，还没回来，通常与第三人称连用。e.g.---Whereishe?---HehasgonetoBeijing.(他去了北京，还未回来)

2.have/hasbeento表示去过某地，已经回来了，常与次数，never，ever连用。e.g.HehasbeentoBeijing.(他去过北京，已回来)IhavebeentoAmericatwice.

Haveyoueverbeento?

3.have/hasbeenin表示在某地待了多长时间，与时间段连用。e.g.WehavebeeninChongqingfortenyears.

HowlonghaveyoubeeninChina?练习：用havegone(to)/havebeen(to)/havebeenin填空

1.Wherearetheboystudents?They________theschoolfactory.2.Isyourfatherin?No,he______Shenzhen.

3.____heever____therebefore?Yes,he____thereseveraltimes.4.Iamaloneathome.Imissmyparentsbecausethey____HK.

IwantedtogowiththembecauseI______never_____there,either.

5.6.7._____you_____America?Yes.Howmanytimes___you_____there?MYfamily_________Chongqingforover10years.

BarrywenttoJapanwhenhewasyoung.He_____therefor5years.

Ⅱ现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：

1.一般过去时便是说话之前发生的动作或状态，是描述过去的某种经历并且已经结束，并且只陈述过去的事情，强调过去的动作，不强调对现在造成的影响结果。

2.现在完成时（用法一）强调过去的动作对现在的影响，结果。

3.现在完成时（用法二）表示的持续状态强调持续到说话为止，动作尚未结束。e.g.–Didyoueatsaladyesterday?--Yes,Idid.(发生在过去，对现在没有影响)

--Let’sgogetsomesaladtoeat!

--Sorry,Ihavealreadyeatenlunch.(发生在过去，但是对现在造成了影响)e.g.FredlearnedEnglishwhenhewaseight.（当年在学，现在不学了）

FredhaslearnedEnglishsincehewaseight.（一直在学，现在仍在学）e.g.JimlivedinChinafor10years.（强调目前已经不在中国）

JimhaslivedinChinafor10years.（强调目前还生活在中国）4.凡是出现明显的表示过去的时间状语，句子只能用一般现在时。When不能对现在完成时提问。e.g.Heboughtani-watchyesterday.WheredidyoucomebacktoChina?WhendidyoucomebacktoChina?WhendidMikebuythishouse?

Ⅲ在最高级和表次数的句中多用现在完成时。1ThisisthebestbookIhaveeverread.2.What’sthebestgiftyouhaveevergot?

3.ItisthefirsttimeIhaveplayedthecomputergames.4.ThisisthesecondtimeshehasbeentoAmerica.

练习：用所给动词的适当形式填空

1.Itissunnyagain.It_______(rain)foralongtime.

2.______MR.Li______(live)heresincehewas8yearsold?3.SinceMr.Licamehere,he_____(teach)inthisschool.4.Itisthe3rdtimethatI______(see)himthismonth.5.Isyourmotherathome?—No,she_______(go)towork.

6.Hermother__________(become)adoctorin1970.She_________(work)inthehospitalsinceshewas26yearsold.7.He________(teach)Englishheresincewe________(see)him5yearsago.8.—Howmanytimes__________you__________(be)toBeijing?

—Onlyonce.I________(go)theretwoyearsago.

9.I’velostmycat.________youever_________(see)itanywhere?

10.Myparentsarenotathome.They____________(leave)forShanghai.11.Waithere,please.Thetrain____________(notarrive)yet.

—LiPing_______________(take)itaway.12.—Whereismydictionary?

13.I___________________(lose)mypen,andI_________________(look)itnow.14.I___________________(notsee)suchastrangethingbefore.

15.HejoinedthePartyin1990.He____________(be)apartymemberfor10years.16.—Howlong_________UncleWang__________(work)inthisfactory?—Since1995.17.Sofarthechildren_____________(learn)1,000Englishwords.

—Yes.I___________itamomentago.(mend)18.—______________you_____________yourbike?

19.I’lltellhimthenewsthatourclass________________(win)already.20.She________________(stay)hereforover5years.

21.Theboxisempty.Who_______________(eat)allthecakes?22.Hehasfoundhisbike.When________he_________(find)it?

23.Hersister______________(go)toShanghai.She____________(leave)thismorning.24.MyfriendWangHaioften_____________(swim)intheriver.

25.China_________(change)alotsinceMr.XiJinping__________(become)ourchairman.

答案练习：用already或yet填空。

1.Haveyouhadlunch______?Yes,Ihave______hadlunch.yet;already2.Havetheytakendowntheoldpictures_______?yet

3.Mostofushave______finishedourhomework.already4.Wehaveseenthismovie______.already5.Bobhasn’tvisitedtheGreatWall_____.yet练习：用for或since填空。

1.JillhasbeeninIreland_____lastMonday.since2.JillhasbeeninIreland_____threedays.for3.MyaunthaslivedinAustralia_____15yearsago.since4.MargarethaslivedinChongqing_____shecametoChina.since5.Indiahasbeenanindependentcountry_____1974.since6.Thebusislate.We’vebeenwaiting_____20minutes.for7.IhavestudiedEnglish_____Iwas7yearsold.since

8.Mikehasbeenill_____alongtime.Hehasbeeninhospital_____October.for;since9.Peterhaslearntthepianofor8years.(提问)HowlonghasPeterlearntthepiano?10.IhavebeenateachersinceIleftschool.(提问)Howlonghaveyoubeenateacher?练习：将下列句子变为同义句。Thismeetingbegan20minutesago.Thismeetinghasbeenonfor20minutes.Tinaborrowedthisbook2weeksago.Tinahaskeptthisbookfor2weeks.Myfatherboughtacarlastyear.Myfatherhashadacarsincelastyear.JackandRosegotmarriedfivemonthsago.JackandRosehavebeenmarriedsinceforfivemonthsago.MygrandfathercametoChongqing10yearsago.=MygrandfatherhasbeentoChongqingfor10years.=It’s10yearssincemygrandfathercametoChongqing.

=10yearshaspassedsincemygrandfathercametoChongqing.练习：用havegone(to)/havebeen(to)/havebeenin填空

1.Wherearetheboystudents?Theyhavegonetotheschoolfactory.2.Isyourfatherin?No,hehasgonetoShenzhen.3.Hasheeverbeentherebefore?Yes,hehasbeenthereseveraltimes.4.Iamaloneathome.ImissmyparentsbecausetheyhavegonetoHK.

IwantedtogowiththembecauseIhaveneverbeenthere,either.5.HaveyoubeenAmerica?Yes.Howmanytimeshaveyoubeenthere?6.MYfamilyhavebeeninChongqingforover10years.

7.BarrywenttoJapanwhenhewasyoung.Hehasbeentherefor5years.练习：用所给动词的适当形式填空

Itissunnyagain.Ithasrained(rain)foralongtime.HasMR.Lilived(live)heresincehewas8yearsold?

SinceMr.Licamehere,hehastaught(teach)inthisschool.Itisthe3rdtimethatIhaveseen(see)himthismonth.Isyourmotherathome?—No,shehasgone(go)towork.

Hermotherbecame(become)adoctorin1970.Shehasworked(work)inthehospitalsinceshewas26yearsold.Hehastaught(teach)Englishheresincewesaw(see)him5yearsago.—Howmanytimeshaveyoubeen(be)toBeijing?—Onlyonce.Iwent(go)theretwoyearsago.

I’velostmycat.Haveyoueverseen(see)itanywhere?

Myparentsarenotathome.Theyhaveleft(leave)forShanghai.Waithere,please.Thetrainhasn’tarrived(notarrive)yet.—Whereismydictionary?—LiPinghastaken(take)itaway.Ihavelost(lose)mypen,andIamlookingfor(look)itnow.Ihaven’tseen(notsee)suchastrangethingbefore.HejoinedthePartyin1990.Hehasbeen(be)apartymemberfor10years.—HowlonghasUncleWangworked(work)inthisfactory?—Since1995.Sofarthechildrenhavelearned(learn)1,000Englishwords.—Haveyoumendedyourbike?—Yes.Imendeditamomentago.(mend)I’lltellhimthenewsthatourclasshaswon(win)already.Shehasstayed(stay)hereforover5years.Theboxisempty.Whohaseaten(eat)allthecakes?Hehasfoundhisbike.Whendidhefind(find)it?

Hersisterhasgone(go)toShanghai.Sheleft(leave)thismorning.MyfriendWangHaioftenswims(swim)intheriver.

Chinahaschanged(change)alotsinceMr.XiJinpingbecame(become)ourchairman.