南昌大学考博英语模拟试题及其解析

南昌大学考博英语模拟试题及其解析Directions:

Youaregoingtoreadatextabouttheintroductiononhowtopayinthefuture,followedbyalistofexamples.ChoosethebestexamplefromthelistA–Fforeachnumberedsubheading(41-45).Thereisoneextraexamplewhichyoudouse.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1(10points)

Smartcardsandmobilephonesarequicklyemergingaswaystopaywithelectroniccash.

41.Acashcall.42.Sendingmoneyhome43.Energisingmoney44.HowtopayinTokyo45.Flashingtheplastic

[A]Thevarious\"contactless\"paymentsystemsrelyonaGengduoyuanxiaowanzhengkaoboyingyuzhentijiqijiexiqinglianxiquanguomianfeizixundianhua:silinglingliuliubaliujiuqiba,huojiazixunqq:qiqierliuqibawusanqitechnologycalled\"near-fieldcommunication\"(NFC).Butmobilephonescanbemuchsmarter.Theycanbede-activatedremotely;theyhaveascreenwhichcanshowinformation,likeacreditbalanceandproductinformation;theyhaveakeyboardtoenterinformationandtheycancommunicate.ThismeanstheycanalsobeusedtoauthoriselargerpaymentsbyenteringPINcodesdirectlyonthehandsetortoppedupwithstoredcreditfromanonlinebankaccountwithouthavingtogotoanATM.

www.kaobo100.com中国考博辅导首选学校

[B]Adecadeagosomeobserverspredictedthatinternetbankingwouldrenderretailbankingfromhigh-streetbranchesobsolete.ButJPMorgan,BankofAmericaandothersareadamantthatpeoplearenowadaysusingbankbranchesmorethanever.Evenifthephoneandthesmartcardreplacecash,whogetstocollectthefeesremainsopentocontention.

[C]Morebankingservicesarealsobeingofferedonmobiles.OnFebruary12th,19telephoneoperatorswithnetworksinover100countriessaidthatpeoplewouldbeabletousetheirhandsetstosendmoneyabroad.MasterCardwilloperatethesysteminwhichremittanceswillbesentastextmessages.SirJohnBond,formerlychairmanoftheHSBCbankinggroupandnowchairmanofVodafone,haslongbeenconvincedthatpaymentsandmobileswouldsomehowconverge.\"MobilephoneshavetheabilitytomakeadramaticchangetovillagelifeinAfrica,\"hesays.

[D]UnliketheJapanese,Americansprefertouseplasticfortheirpurchases.Cardsaccountformorethanhalfofalltransactions,upfrom29%adecadeago,accordingtoNilsonReport.Morethan1.5billioncreditcardsarestuffedintoAmericans'wallets.Theaveragehouseholdhasmorethanten.Banksandcredit-cardfirmshopetoconvertmorecashandchequepaymentstoplasticwithnewsmartcards.Someversionsarealreadyverysuccessful.ManyAmericansuseEasyPass,inwhichdriverspayforhighwaytollswirelessly.

[E]Nowadays,someofthehottestnightclubshaveanewtrickfor

www.kaobo100.com中国考博辅导首选学校

checkingtheidentityoftheirVIPguests:theysendanentrypassintheformofasuperbarcodetotheirmobilephones.Mobilephonesarebecominganincreasinglypopularwaytomakeallsortsofpayments.InAmericafansoftheAtlantaHawkshavebeentestingspeciallyadaptedNokiahandsetslinkedtotheirVisacardstoentertheirlocalstadiumandtobuyrefreshments.Itreckonsworldwidepaymentsusingmobilephoneswillclimbfromjust$3.2billionin2003tomorethan$37billionby2008.

[F]Toseethepotentialofmobile-phonemoney,startinJapan.MostJapanesehaveatleastonecreditcard,buttheytendtostayintheirowners'pockets.HousewivesroutinelypeeloffcrispYI0000($82)notestopayfortheirshopping.Utilitybillsandotherinvoicesaredutifullytakentothebankandpaidincash,ormorelikelythesedaysatthelocalconveniencestore.Yetdespitethepopularityofcash,themobilephoneisstartingtochangeevenJapan'straditionalhabits.\"

SampleFourDirections:

YouaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutAIDS.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

[A]WhatroutedoesHIVtakeafteritentersthebodytodestroytheimmunesystem?

www.kaobo100.com中国考博辅导首选学校

[B]Howandwhendidthelong-standingbeliefconcerningAIDSandHIVcropup?

[C]Whatisthemosteffectiveanti-HIVtherapy?[D]HowdoesHIVsubverttheimmunesystem?

[E]Intheabsenceofavaccine,howcanHIVbestopped?[F]WhydoesAIDSpredisposeinfectedpersonstocertaintypesofcancerandinfections?

Inthe20yearssincethefirstcasesofAIDSweredetected,scientistssaytheyhavelearnedmoreaboutthisviraldiseasethananyother.

YetPeterPiot,whodirectstheUnitedNationsAIDSprogram,andStefanoVellaofRome,presidentoftheInternationalAIDSSociety,andotherexpertssayreviewingunansweredquestionscouldproveusefulasameasureofprogressforAIDSandotherdiseases.

41.________

Amongtheimportantbroaderscientificquestionsthatremain:Along-standingbeliefisthatcancercellsconstantlydevelopandareheldincheckbyahealthyimmunesystem.ButAIDShaschallengedthatbelief.PeoplewithAIDSaremuchmorepronetocertaincancerslikenon-HodgkinslymphomasandKaposi'ssarcoms,butnottobreast,colonandlung,themostcommoncancersintheUnitedStates.Thispatternsuggeststhatanimpairedimmunesystem,atleastthetypethatoccursinAIDS,doesnotallowcommoncancerstodevelop.

42.________

www.kaobo100.com中国考博辅导首选学校

WhenHIVistransmittedsexually,thevirusmustcrossatissuebarriertoenterthebody.Howthathappensisstillunclear.Thevirusmightinvadedirectlyorbecarriedbyaseriesofdifferentkindsofcells.

43.________

EventuallyHIVtravelsthroughlymphvesselstolymphnodesandtherestofthelymphsystem.Butwhatisnotknownishowthevirusproceedstodestroythebody'sCD-4cellsthatareneededtocombatinvadinginfectiousagents.

44.________

AlthoughHIVkillstheimmuneceilssenttokillthevirus,thereiswidespreadvariationintherateatwhichHIVinfectedpeoplebecomeillwithAIDS.Soscientistsask:Cantheelementsoftheimmunesystemresponsibleforthatvariabilitybeidentified?Ifso,cantheybeusedtostopprogressiontoAIDSininfectedindividualsandpossiblypreventinfectioninthefirstplace?

Intheory,earlytreatmentshouldofferthebestchanceofpreservingimmunefunction.ButthenewdrugsdonotcompletelyeliminateHIVfromthebodysothemedicines,whichcanhavedangeroussideeffects,willhavetobetakenforalifetimeandperhapschangedtocombatresistance.Thenewpolicyisexpectedtorecommendthattreatmentbedeferreduntiltherearesignstheimmunesystemisweakening.

Isavaccinepossible?

www.kaobo100.com中国考博辅导首选学校

45.________

Thereislittlequestionthataneffectivevaccineiscrucialtocontrollingtheepidemic.Yetonlyonehasreachedthestageoffulltesting,andthereiswidecontroversyoverthedegreeofprotectionitwillprovide.HIVstrainsthataretransmittedinvariousareasoftheworlddiffergenetically.ItisnotknownwhetheravaccinederivedfromonetypeofHIVwillconferprotectionagainstothertypes.

Withoutmoreincisive,focusedbehavioralresearch,preventionmessagesalonewillnotputanendtotheglobalepidemic.

PartCDirections:

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinessegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.

本文由“育明考博”整理编辑