湖南农业大学考研试题612基础英语(2015~2017年)

科目名称及代码： 基础英语 612

适用专业（领域）： 外国语言学及应用语言学 考生需带的工具：

考生注意事项：①所有答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题纸上一律无效； ②按试题顺序答题，在答题纸上标明题目序号。 I. Paraphrase（20 points, 2 points each） Write your answer on the answer sheet

1. Serious looking men spoke to each other as if they were oblivious of the crowds about them.

2. I experienced a twinge of embarrassment at the prospect of meeting the mayor of Hroshima in my socks.

3. Hitler was counting on enlisting capitalist and Right Wing sympathies in this country and the U.S.A.

4 The fundamentalists adhered to a literal interpretation of the Old Testament.

5. He lowered the level of his incongruous falsetto voice.

6. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King's English slips and slides in conversation.

7. And yet the same revolutionary belief for which our forebears fought is still at issue around the globe.

8. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. 9. The Fiesta appears to have sunk without a trace.

10. Children dodged in and out, their high calls rising like the swallows' crossing flights over the music and the singing. 共 15 页 第1 页 II. Vocabulary and Grammar（20 points, 1 point each） Decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. 1． It is essential that he ____ all the facts first.

A．is examining B．will examine C．examines D．examine 2． Which of the following sentences expresses a future action? A．Lucy is continually finding fault with her sister. B．We are meeting the visitors after the performance. C．The coach is now crossing the Garden Bridge. D．I'm hoping that you'll give us some advice.

3． Which of the following italicized parts is used as an object complement?

A．The front door remained locked. B．The boy looked disappointed.

C．Nancy appeared worried. D．He seemed to have no money left.

4． Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT? A．Physics is an important school subject. B．The United States borders Canada. C．The Niagara Falls is in North America. D．Mumps is a kind of infectious disease.

5． Which of the following sentences indicates POSSIBILITY? A．The moon cannot always be at the full B．You cannot smoke inside the building. C．He cannot come today. D．She cannot play the piano.

6． Hydrogen, which is ______ than oil, is pretty easy to produce and does no harm to the environment. A．much energy more abundant source

共 15 页 第2 页 B．an energy source more abundant C．a much more energy abundant source D．a much more abundant energy source

7． When _____, the bridge connecting the island to the continent will be open to traffic next year. A．completed C．being completed learning through the Internet. A. Despite

B. Instead of

C. For

D．Like

9．Mom enjoyed herself so much ______ she was on vacation in France with dad last year. A．where

B．that

C．which

D．when

10．The experiment was ______ we had anticipated. A．a success more than C．a success as much as A．sunk

B．reduced

B．more a success than D．as much of a success as C．forced

D．declined

B．completing D．to be completed

8．______ these objections, we can not ignore the advantages of

11．Mary was ______ to tears by their criticism.

12．The police fortunately gained the key clew according to the foot mark in the ______ of the road. A．clay

B．dirt

C．mud

D．soil

13．These magnificent ______ buildings demonstrate the great intelligence of the laboring people. A．antique

B．ancient

C．primitive

D．remote

14． I don't remember meeting him, but the name John Smith rings a bell. The underlined part means ______.

A．is omitted B．is warned C．is appearing D．is familiar

15． These goods are ______ for export, though a few of them may

共 15 页 第3 页 be sold on the home market.

A．essentially B．completely C．necessarily underlined part means ______. A．get injured B．play well A．initial

B．original

C．good luck D．have fun

D．primary

17． I have the car now but my sister was the ______ owner.

C．primitive

18． The principal stressed using multimedia teaching would never replace the one-to-one ______ between pupil and teacher.

A．perceptions B．consultations C．interactions D．interruptions 19． They've made a great______ forward with their road building in the last few years. A．bounce them in order. A．chaos

B．disorder

C．mess

D．riot

B．bound

C．hop

D．leap

20． Your books and magazines are almost in a ______; go and put

D．remarkably

16． I wish you break a leg in the coming English speech contest The

III. Fill in each blank with one suitable word （30 points, 2 points each）; write your answer on the answer sheet

1 understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to understand the difference 2 marketing 3 selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily 4 the efficient production of goods, and then relied 5 “persuasive salesmanship” to move as much of these goods 6 possible. Such production and selling focuses 7 the needs of the seller to produce goods and then convert them 8 money.

Marketing, 9 the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers, It begins 10 first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them .This

共 15 页 第4 页 eye on –the –consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy 11 resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available 12 purchase.

This concept does not imply that business is benevolent or that consumer satisfaction is given priority 13 profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business transaction –the firm and the customer --and each must be satisfied before trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and catering to (迎合)customers. A striking example of the importance of catering to the consumer presented itself 14 mid -1985, when Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink, the nonacceptance of the new flavor by a significant portion of the public brought 15 a prompt restoration of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed alongside the new .King Customer ruled!

IV. Reading（40 points, 2 points each） Read the following passages and answer the multiple-choice questions; decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Passage 1

According to a survey, which was based on the responses of over 188,000 students, today’s traditional-age college freshmen are “more materialistic and less altruistic (利他主义的)” than at any time in the 17 years of the poll.

Not surprising in these hard times, the student’s major objective “is to be financially well off. Less important than ever is developing a

共 15 页 第5 页 2016年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题 科目名称及代码：基础英语 612 试用专业：外国语言学及应用语言学 考试需带的工具： 考生注意事项：1所有答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题纸上一律无效； 2按试题顺序答题，在答题纸上标明题目序号。 I. Paraphrase（20 points, 2 points each） Write your answer on the answer sheet

1. The generator was doused, and the lights went out.

2. Serious looking men spoke to each other as if they were oblivious of the crowds about them.

3. When they stopped for petrol, as they would have to, their speech and manner would betray them, making them conspicuous..

4. No one, least of all I, anticipated that my case would snowball into one of the most famous trials in U.S. history.

5. The words spat forth with sudden savagery, all pretense of blandness gone.

6. They are cattle in the fields, but we sit down to beef.

7. If Hitler invaded Hell I would make at least a favorable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons.

8. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures.

9. Mark Twain digested the new American experience before sharing it with the world as writer and lecturer.

10. Children dodged in and out, their high calls rising like the swallows' crossing flights over the music and the singing II. Vocabulary and Grammar（20 points, 1 point each） Decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. 1.____, he is always modest. A. With all his profound knowledge B. Because of all his profound knowledge

C. With his all profound knowledge D. For his profound knowledge

共 11 页 第1 页 2. His honesty is ____ ; nobody can doubt it. A. in question B. out of question C. beside the question

D. without question

3. When cooking a delicious dish, this kind of spice ____ into account. A. must be taken B. was taken C. had been taken

D. would have been taken

4. It was not until he took up fishing that he ____ to relax. A. had been beginning B. began C. had begun

D. beginning

5. Not only you but also I ____ mistaken on this point. A. are B. were C. have D. am

6. The tone of the article __ the writer’s mood at the time.

A reproduced B reflected C imagined D imitated

7. This is not the right __ to ask for my help; I am far too busy even to listen. A. for anyone B. anyone C. for everyone D. everyone 8. The job of a student accommodation officer__ a great many visits to landladies.

A concerns B offers C asks D involves 9. Our family doctor’s clinic __at the junction of two busy roads. A rests B stands C stays D seats 10. She was so fat that she could only just __ through the door. A assemble B appear C squeeze D gather

11. After the heavy rain, a builder was called to repair the roof, which was __. A leaking B trickling C prominent D noticeable 12. The reception was attended by __ members of the local community. A excellent B conspicuous C prominent D intentious

共 11 页 第2 页 13. Share prices on the Stock Exchange plunged sharply in the morning but __slightly in the afternoon.

A regained B recovered C restored D revived 14. His brain has worked away on the idea of a universal cure. A rich B quick C productive D fertile 15. The couple has donated a not__ amount of money to the foundation. A inconsiderable B inconsiderate C inaccurate

D incomparable

16. Aren't you tired? I ____ you had done enough for today. A. should have thought B. must have thought C. might have thought D. could have thought 17. \"It seems that she was there at the conference.\" The sentence means that A. she seems to be there at the conference. B. she seemed to be there at the conference.

C. she seems to have been there at the conference. D. she seemed to being there at the conference. 18. Which of the following adverbs can NOT be used to complete \" _____ everybody came\"?

A. Nearly B. Quite C. Practically D. Almost 19. In \"How much do you think he earns?\" how much is ______ of the sentence. A. the subject B. the adverbial C. the object D. the complement

20. \"The man preparing the documents is the firm's lawyer\" has all the following possible meanings EXCEPT

A. the man who has prepared the documents...

B. the man who has been preparing the documents... C. the man who is preparing the documents... D. the man who will prepare the documents... III. Cloze (30 points, 1.5 points each） Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage in the corresponding blanks. Mark the corresponding letter on the Answer

共 11 页 第3 页 Sheet with a single line through the centre.

How men first learned to invent words is unknown; (1)____, the origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain (2)____ to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, (3)____ they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed (4)____ certain signs, called letters, which could be (5)____ to represent those sounds, and which could be (6)_____. Those sounds, whether spoken, (7)_____ written in letters, we call words.

The power of words, then, lies in their (8)____ the things they bring up before our minds. Words become (9)____ with meaning for us by experience; (10)._____ the longer we live, the more certain words (11)_____ to us the happy and sad events of our past: and the more we (12)____, the more the number of words that mean something to us (13)____.

Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal (14)____ to our minds and emotions. This (15)_____ and telling use of words is what we call (16)____ style. Above all, the real poet is a master of (17)____. He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music, and which (18)_____ their position and association can (19)____ men to tears. We should, therefore, learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will (20)____ our speech or writing silly and vulgar.

(1) A. in addition B. in other words C. in a word D. in summary (2) A. sounds B. gestures C. signs D. movements (3) A. such that B. as that C. so that D. in that (4) A. in B. with C. of D. upon (5) A. spelt B. combined C. written D copied

(6) A. written down B. handed down C. remembered D. observed (7) A. and B. yet C. also D. or (8) A. functions B. associations C. roles D. links (9) A. filled B. full C. live D. active (10) A. but B. or C. yet D. and (11 ) A. reappear B. recall C. remember D. recollect (12) A. read and think B. read and recall C. read and learn D. read and recite (13) A. raises B. increases C. improves D. emerges (14) A. intensively B. extensively C. broadly D. powerfully (15) A. charming B. academic C. conventional D. common

共 11 页 第4 页 (16) A. written B. spoken (17) A. signs B. words (18) A. in B. on (19) A. move B. engage (20) A. transform B. change

C. literary D. dramatic C. style D. sound C. over D. by C. make D. force C. make D. convert

IV. Reading（40 points, 2 points each） Read the following passages and answer the multiple-choice questions; decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Passage 1

What is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics, biology, chemistry, geology, engineering, medicine or any other science? We all know that science plays an important role in the societies in which we live. Many people believe, however, that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. The first of these is the application of the machines, products and systems of applied knowledge that scientists and technologists develop. Through technology, science improves the structure of society and helps man to gain increasing control over his environment.

The second aspect is the application by all members of society of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.

What are these special methods of thinking and acting? First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is full of curiosity - he wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually directs his attention towards problems which he notices have no satisfactory explanation, and his curiosity makes him look for underlying relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected. Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves.

He is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective and applies logical thought to the observations he makes. He utilizes the facts he observes to the fullest extent. For example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum.

He is skeptical - he does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available - and therefore rejects authority as the sole basis for truth. Scientists always check statements and make experiments

共 11 页 第5 页 2017年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题

科目名称及代码：基础英语 612 适用专业（领域）：外国语言学及应用语言学 考试需带的工具： 考生注意事项：1所有答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题纸上一律无效； 2按试题顺序答题，在答题纸上标明题目序号。 I. Paraphrase（20 points, 2 points each） Write your answer on the answer sheet

1. The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever bothered it.

2. Serious looking men spoke to each other as if they were oblivious of the crowds about them.

3. Even the self-assurance of Ogilvie flickered for an instance. 4. The case had erupted round my head.

5. The cast of characters set before him in his new profession was rich and varied--- a cosmos.

6. They are cattle in the fields, but we sit down to beef.

7. Hitler was counting on enlisting capitalists and Right Wing sympathies in this country and the U.S.A.

8. Conversation is not for making a point.

9. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot.

10. Mark Twain digested the new American experience before sharing it with the world as writer and lecturer. II. Vocabulary and Grammar（20 points, 1 point each） Decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.

1. __dull he may be, he is certainly a very successful top executive. A Although

B whatever

C As

D However

2. If only I __play the guitar as well as you! A would

B could

C should

D might

3. The party, __I was the guest of honour, was extremely enjoyable. A by which

B for which

C to which

D at which

4. It’s high time we __ cutting down the rainforests. A stopped

B had to stop

C shall stop

共10页 第1 页 D stop

5 The student said there were a few points in the essay he __ impossible to comprehend. A has found

B was finding

C had found

D would find

6. Aren't you tired? I ____ you had done enough for today. A. should have thought B. must have thought C. might have thought D. could have thought 7. \"It seems that she was there at the conference.\" The sentence means that A. she seems to be there at the conference. B. she seemed to be there at the conference.

C. she seems to have been there at the conference. D. she seemed to being there at the conference. 8. Which of the following adverbs can NOT be used to complete \" _____ everybody came\"?

A. Nearly B. Quite C. Practically D. Almost 9. In \"How much do you think he earns?\" how much is ______ of the sentence. A. the subject B. the adverbial C. the object D. the complement 10. \"The man preparing the documents is the firm's lawyer\" has all the following possible meanings EXCEPT

A. the man who has prepared the documents...

B. the man who has been preparing the documents... C. the man who is preparing the documents... D. the man who will prepare the documents... 11. Keep this reference book; it may come in _____ one day. A. handy B. useful C. convenient D. helpful 12. The questions that the speaker raised were well ____ the average adult. A. past B. on C. beyond D. through 13. Teachers in this school were encouraged to use drama as a(n) _____ of learning.

A. design B. instrument C. agency D. tool 14. First, we need to find out what his scheme is, and then act _____. A. sensitively B. imaginatively C. efficiently D. accordingly 15. At first Jim was not quite clear what he was going to do after

university, but now he seems _____ on becoming a computer programmer.

共10页 第2 页 A. fit B. set C. disposed D. decided

16. Developing countries should adopt labor-intensive technologies to _____ their comparative advantage of abundant labor. A. use B. exploit C. employ D. explore 17. The tests show the earlier in life a person hears a sound the longer it is . A. retained B. preserved C. remained D. reserved 18. The Channel Tunnel is one of the biggest engineering projects ever . A. understated B. undertaken C. undergone D. underneath 19. Good relationship between partners are the rudders which steer joint ventures through waters.

A. troublesome B. troubled C. troublous D. disturbed 20. The lack of manners and common politeness is not to business deals. It’s a social blank. A. exclusive B. inclusive C. elusive D. impassive

III. Cloze (30 points, 1.5 points each） Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage in the corresponding blanks. Mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.

In Japan, most people still feel that a woman’s place is in the home; and most women willingly accept their 1 role as wife, leaving the business of making a living 2 their husbands. For those who do want a 3 of their own, opportunities are limited, and working women usually have to 4 for lower wages, fewer promotions, less responsible 5 .

In America, on the other hand, most women, 6 wives and mothers, work most of their lives. But 7 , few have had real careers. As in Japan most fields are 8 by men and opportunities for women have been 9 , salaries low, chances for advancement 10 . American women work mainly because they 11 ; in these days of inflation and luxury living, 12 income per family is simply not enough to 13 . So American women actually have two jobs; one nine –to –five position outside the home, and 14 round- the- clock in –the-home job 15 wife. Housemaid, cook, and nurse.

One of the main goals of the modern women’s liberation movement, which started 16 , was to eliminate sex discrimination in the work force, and to 17 careers for women that were previously 18 for men. And though there is still a long way to 19 , a lot of progress has been 20 . 1. A) conservative B) usual C) traditional D) unhappy 2. A) for B) with C) up to D) away with 3. A) job B) career C) profession D) post

共10页 第3 页 4. A) settle B) request C) ask D) search 5. A) titles B) status C) assignments D) positions 6. A) concerning B) including C) containing D) involving 7. A) at present B) until recently C) recently D) not until recently 8. A) owned B) kept C) led D) dominated 9. A) restricted B) bounded C) reduced D) prohibited 10. A) small B) inadequate C) rare D) scarce 11. A) should B) ought C) like D) have to 12. A) one B) single C) only D) the one 13. A) live B) live on C) feed on D) support 14. A) another B) one C) other D) the other 15. A) such as B) like C) as D) acting 16. A) in the early 1960s B) in early the 1960s C) early in the 1960 D) in the early 1960 17. A) lead to B) open up C) offer D) set up

18. A) preserved B) observed C) concerned D) reserved 19. A) go B) travel C) strive D) pull through 20. A) made B) taken C) covered D) completed

IV. Reading（40 points, 2 points each） Read the following passages and answer the multiple-choice questions; decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.

Passage 1

Geraldo Rivera is well known for his compassionate investigative reports on WABC-TV Eyewitness News. He has done exposes of New York City’s welfare hotels, the over-pricing of prescription drugs, and drug abuse. In 1971, he received the Associated Press Broadcaster of the Year award for the program Drug Crisis in East Harlem. He received the award again in 1972 for the program Migrants, Dirt Cheap.

His most famous expose however was done on the horrible conditions at Staten Island’s Willowbrook State School. It is the world’s largest institution for the mentally disabled. His investigation began when he and his camera crew gained access to one of the building. Geraldo’s emotionally charged reports exposed the unsanitary conditions and neglectful, often abusive, treatment of the patients. He cried over what he discovered, and he made his viewers cry, too. The programs created a public plea for reform, and changes were made. Governor Nelson Rockefeller of New York restored $20 million to the school’s slashed budget. The programs--Willowbrook earned him the Scripps-Howard Award, an Emmy，and the Robert F. Kennedy Journalism Award.

Geraldo Rivera has continued working for the mentally disabled. He founded One-to-One, a charity that provides small group homes for the care of the mentally disabled in the community. He hosts huge outdoor festivals for the mentally disabled in New York City’s Central Park. He also wrote a book about some of the courageous

共10页 第4 页 people he has met as an investigative journalist. It is called A Special Kind of Courage. As he himself says, “I make no pretense of objectivity. But I’m not just in the business of making people cry. I’m in the business of change.” 1. Geraldo Rivera is working as a(n)____． A) news reporter for a newspaper in New York B) investigative reporter for a special TV program C) investigative officer of the New York government D) philanthropist for the welfare of the mentally disabled 2. How many awards did Rivera receive for his work? A) Two B) There C) Four D) Five

3. Rivera’s investigation and expose on the conditions at Willowbrook State School led to ____.

A) the public concern and request for changes. B) the improvement of the conditions there.

C) a considerable increase in the school’s budget D) all of the above

4. The term “One-to-One” in the 3rd paragraph refers to____.

A) an organization in the community that helps take better care of the mentally disabled

B) a device that helps the mentally disabled behave themselves C) an organization that provides homes for the mentally disabled D) a hospital that helps cure the mentally disabled

Passage 2 In the same way that a child must be able to move his arms and legs before he can learn to walk, the child must physiologically be capable of producing and experiencing particular emotions before these emotions can be modified through learning. Psychologists have found that there are two basic processes by which learning takes place. One kind of learning is called “classical conditioning.” This occurs when one event or stimulus is consistently paired with, or followed by, a reward or punishment. It is through classical conditioning that a child learns to associate his mother’s face and voice with happiness and love, for he learns that this person provides food and comfort. Negative emotions are learned in a similar fashion. The second kind of learning is called “operant conditioning.” This occurs when an individual learns to do things that produce rewards in his environment and learns not to do things that produce punishments. For example, if a mother always attends to her baby when he cries and cuddles him until he is quiet, she may teach him that if he cries he will get attention from mother. Thus, the baby will learn to increase his crying in order to have his mother more.

Every day, we grow and have new experience. We constantly learn by reading, watching television, interacting with other people, and so forth. This learning affects our emotions. Why is it that we learn to like some people and dislike others? If a person is nice to us, cares about us, we learn to associate this person with positive feelings, such as joy, happiness, and friendliness. On the other hand, if a person is

共10页 第5 页