2021-2022学年北京市高三(上)入学英语试卷(附答案详解)

2021-2022学年北京市高三（上）入学英语试卷

一、阅读理解（本大题共14小题，共28.0分）

A

The two-year Master's program Computational Linguistics is a research-oriented program.It is designed to provide more in-depth skills in specialized subjects building on the contents of a B.Sc.in Natural Language Processing or a related field.The program is characterized by an emphasis on team work,laboratory work and research skills. Which interests and skills should I have？

The M.Se.Computational Linguistics is ideal for students with a background in Computer Science and Linguistics who want to study in an interdisciplinary,innovative environment. Which areas of specialization are there？

Students can focus on one of the following areas by choosing specific elective courses：Core Computational Linguistics,Applied Natural Language Processing,Speech Processing,Computer Science.

What job prospects are available to me after graduation

With an M.Sc.in Computational Linguistics,students are prepared for advanced academic or industrial research and development in Computational Linguistics and Natural Language Processing,or for working in companies involved with speech and language technologies. Typical fields of work include speech processing,automatic generation and analysis of texts,machine translation,electronic dictionaries,search technology,（social）media monitoring,or dialogue systems.Students with an M.Sc.in Computational Linguistics from Stuttgart work in renowned organizations not only in Germany,but also all over the world. What opportunities does my study program offer

In the 3rd semester,students can study abroad and use the credit points for their

M.Sc.Computation Linguistics.Various partner institutions offer interesting courses in the CL field.

What opportunities does the University of Stuttgart has to offer？

Are you interested in going on exchange for a semester or two？Or would you rather do some research or attend a language course？Have you ever thought of joining a Summer School or planned an internship abroad？Whatever you have in mind for your exchange,the International

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Office will help you make your stay abroad an unforgettable experience.The first step will be to sign up online for our information sessions at the International Office that are offered on a regular basis.We look forward to your registration!

1. According to the passage,the two-year Master's program Computational Linguistics

______ .

A. attaches great importance to research skills B. gives students a guarantee of working abroad C. asks students to focus on more specialized areas D. requires no basic knowledge of computer science

2. To study abroad in this program,students should first ______ .

A. do some related research B. attend a language course C. register online for meetings D. get the required credit points

3. Where is this text probably taken from？ ______

A. A college website. C. An academic journal.

B. A popular magazine. D. A science newspaper.

B

The Terror of the First F5 Tornado The nonstop high plains wind suddenly fell dead still,leaving the evening air hot and heavy over Lubbock ，Texas.Impossibly dark clouds hung low in the sky.

Standing in the yard outside her family's trailer home,12-year-old Cindy Keele saw the worry emerge in her grandmother's face. \"Go in and put on your shoes,\" Keele's grandmother said flatly. \"We have to get to the storm cellar. \"

The girl dashed inside.As soon as the screen door slapped shut behind her ，hail（冰雹）began rapping against the roof.Keele yelled to her mother,\"Grandma says we have to get to the storm cellar!\" Then a hail stone the size of a softball smashed through the kitchen window.Another one punched a hole in the ceiling.And then came the sound：the unmistakable,ea-rsplitting roar of an approaching tornado.

Cindy Keele's mother was suddenly on the same page.But getting herself,her three kids,and her mother to safety was no simple matter- -the shelter was at the opposite end of the trailer park.If they didn't drive,they'd never make it.

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The five moved quickly to the family car,ducking to avoid hurtling pieces.At last,everyone was in the car.

\"My purse!\" Keele's grandmother shouted,\"My purse is still in there!\"

Keele jumped out of the car and ran back into the house.She fetched the purse and dashed back into the maelstrom.She almost made it.\"As I ran to the car,\" she says,\"an enormous hailstone hit me in the back of the neck.I was told it was the size of a soccer ball. \" The next few minutes were a blur for the girl.Her next clear memory is of inside the shelter.

\"I guess there were 60 of us in there,plus dogs and cats,\" Keele says. \"The sound outside was deafening.And then,all of a sudden,it got quiet.\" Cautiously ，the group emerged from underground.

\"My mother ran straight for our street.What she found was--nothing.\" The place where our house had been were pieces of houses,but not pieces of our house. \"I'd never seen my mom cry,\" Keele recalls softly.\"But she was on her knees.She was broken.\"

May 11 marks the 51st anniversary of the 1970 Lubbock tornado ，the first such storm ever to be classified F5.

4. What did Keele do in the story？ ______

A. She dashed to the room to save her brothers. B. She rushed to fetch her grandmother's purse. C. She drove the family members to the shelter. D. She ran to the cellar first with her grandmother.

5. What do we know about the tornado？ ______

A. The tornado died down very slowly. B. Hail was the biggest killer in the tornado. C. The tornado came with a deafening noise. D. It was windy and sunny before the tornado.

6. It can be learnt from the story that ______ .

A. Keele's house was totally ruined B. Keele's mother got her knees hurt C. Keele lost memory of the tornado D. Keele was injured by a soccer ball

C

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Scientists at the University of Massachusetts Amherst have developed a device that uses a natural protein to create electricity from moisture（湿气） in the air,a new technology they say could have significant implications for the future of renewable energy,climate change and in the future of medicine.

As reported in Nature,the laboratories of electrical engineer Jun Yao and microbiologist Derek Lovley at UMass Amherst have created a device they call an \"Air-gen,\" or air-powered generator,with electrically conductive protein nanowires produced by the microbe Geobacter.The Air-gen connects electrodes to the protein nanowires in such a way that electrical current is generated from the water vapor naturally present in the atmosphere. \"We are literally making electricity out of thin air,\" says Yao.\"The Air-gen generates clean energy 24/7.\" Lovley,who has advanced sustainable biology-based electronic materials over three decades,adds,\"It's the most amazing and exciting application of protein nanowires yet. \" The new technology developed in Yao's lab is non-polluting,renewable and low-cost.It can generate power even in areas with extremely low humidity such as the Sahara Desert.It has significant advantages over other forms of renewable energy including solar and wind,Lovley says,because unlike these other renewable energy sources,the Air-gen does not require sunlight or wind,and \"it even works indoors.\"

The Air-gen device requires only a thin film of protein nanowires less than 10 microns thick,the researchers explain.The bottom of the film rests on an electrode,while a smaller electrode that covers only part of the nanowire film sits on top.The film adsorbs water vapor from the atmosphere.A combination of the electrical conductivity and surface chemistry of the protein nanowires,coupled with the fine pores between the nanowires within the film,establishes the conditions that generate an electrical current between the two electrodes.

The researchers say that the current generation of Air-gen devices are able to power small electronics,and they expect to bring the invention to commercial scale soon.Next steps they plan include developing a small Air-gen \"patch\"that can power electronic wearables such as health and fitness monitors and smart watches,which would eliminate the requirement for traditional batteries.They also hope to develop Air-gens to apply to cell phones to eliminate periodic charging.

Yao says,\"The ultimate goal is to make large-scale systems.For example,the technology might be incorporated into wall paint that could help power your home.Or,we may develop stand-alone air-powered generators that supply electricity off the grid.Once we get to an

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industrial scale for wire production,I fully expect that we can make large systems that will make a major contribution to sustainable energy production.The Air-gen is just the beginning of new era of protein-based electronic devices.\" 7. According to the passage ，Air-gen ______ .

A. generates more power in desert B. relies on wind,sunlight and water C. produces clean energy out of electricity D. works with a thin film of protein nanowires

8. What is paragraph 5 mainly about ______

A. How Air-gen works. B. The function of the film. C. Requirements of the Air-gen. D. Why protein nanowires are useful.

9. What might be the next step of the research？ ______

A. To promote small electronics. B. To power electronic wearables. C. To improve traditional batteries. D. To upgrade modern cell phones.

10. The last paragraph indicates that ______ .

A. the research has no practical use yet B. future wall paint might power the home

C. Air-gen is a must for sustainable energy production D. stand-alone air-powered generators have been developed

D

Mindfulness--in basic terms,the practice of being \"present\" in the moment and paying attention to one's own thoughts and feelings--has seen something of a boom over the last few years.While it certainly has its benefits,some argue that it encourages blind acceptance of the status quo,taking us so far into ourselves that we forget the rest of the world.In a new preprint on Psy Arxiv,Michael Poulin and colleagues from New York's University at Buffalo also find that mindfulness can decrease prosocial behaviours（亲社会行为）.

The first study was designed to look at the impact of mindfulness on prosocial activity,and in particular,whether this depends on a person's\"self-construal\".In short,if someone has an

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independent self-construal they see the self as separate from others,rather than thinking more collectively and conceptualizing themselves as part of a wider group.

Participants were randomly assigned to one of two conditions,one oriented around mindfulness meditation,and the other focusing on a control meditation in the form of mind wandering.Those in the mindfulness condition listened to a tape designed to inspire mindfulness through mindful breathing,while those in the mind wandering condition were instructed to \"let your mind wander and think freely\".

After listening to the tapes,participants read about a local poverty and homelessness charity,before being asked whether or not they wanted to stuff envelopes in support of the organisation.Participants who decided to take part were left to do so for as long as they wanted.The team also measured participants' self-construal by asking them to indicate how much they identified with friends,family,and wider groups compared to how much they thought of themselves as independent.

Most participantsstuffed at least some envelopes after the task.People who participated （84%）in the mindfulness meditation stuffed 15% more envelopes than those who did the control mediation--if they had an interdependent self-construal.But for those with independent self-construals,mindfulness decreased the number of envelopes stuffed by 15%.

As the second study took place online,participants were not asked to stuff envelopes,but instead to sign up（or not）to chat online with alumni donors to request financial support for the same charity.And similar to the results of the first study,those in the interdependent condition saw an increased likelihood of volunteering after the mindfulness task,while those with independent self-construal were less likely to volunteer after listening to the mindfulness exercise. Mindfulness has often been positioned as a panaceanot only for anxiety or other （灵丹妙药），mental health conditions but in other areas,too：productivity,creativity,personal relationships,and particular traits or habits.Rather than treating it as a wholesale good,however,it may be better to understand when mindfulness might be truly beneficial- and,importantly,for whom.

11. What does the underlined word \"stuff envelopes\" in Para.4 mean ______

A. To employ people. C. To donate money.

B. To write letters. D. To open envelopes.

12. According to the two studies,mindfulness makes ______ .

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A. people less value charity work B. people more willing to volunteer C. interdependent people more independent D. independent-minded people less prosocial

13. It can be inferred from the passage that mindfulness is ______ .

A. closely related to charity B. not as popular as it used to be C. useful under certain circumstances D. effective in solving social problems

14. What is the author's attitude towards mindfulness ______

A. Supportive. B. Disapproving. C. Neutral. D. Critical.

二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）

What is Interactive Reading？ Something that is interactive involves input or actions on the part of the user. (1) In short,interactive reading encourages the reader to do more than simply read printed text.Print books with alternative endings,e-books with hyperlinks,virtual books,websites and even blogs and wikis are examples of things that can be read interactively.In these examples,the action of the reader influences or enhances his or her experience of a text.

Elementary school teachers expose their students to various forms of interactive reading to teach language art skills and to facilitate reading comprehension.Teachers use a variety of tools,methods and interactive lessons to increase retention of topics and further learning.Interactive learning materials such as companion websites provide additional involvement beyond the text. (2)

School-age children are not the only ones to benefit from interactive reading.Adults have the ability to learn online from a variety of interactive media. (3) Through online content,publishers encourage readers to go beyond the printed text or online articles.Readers can comment,provide feedback,and attend online seminars for further study.

The concept of interactive reading is commonly associated with technology. (4) Pop-up books with movable elements and additional content appeared in Victorian-era learning materials. (5) Readers become an integral part of their own absorption of information with the use of multimedia tools,online content and various interactions.Publishers encourage readers to get involved with the materials printed by providing an ever-expanding menu of options for further

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understanding and enjoyment.Websites,blogs,user-generated wikis,online games and e-books are just a few examples of what is available in terms of interactive learning materials and options.

A.Newspaper and magazine websites are primary examples.

B.When a person reads a text he engages in a complex cognitive processes. C.Modern technology allows for a far deeper and broader use of interactive media. D.Simply put,reading comprehension is the act of understanding what you are reading. E.Interactive reading thus requires some action or involvement on the part of the reader. F.However,encouraging the interaction of readers with the text they read is not a new concept. G.Examples of such materials include online games,videos,and other multimedia teaching aids. 15. A. A

E

B. B

C. C D. D E.

F. F

G. G

16. A. A

E

B. B

C. C D. D E.

F. F

G. G

17. A. A

E

B. B

C. C D. D E.

F. F

G. G

18. A. A

E

B. B

C. C D. D E.

F. F

G. G

19. A. A

E

B. B

C. C D. D E.

F. F G. G

三、完形填空（本大题共10小题，共15.0分）

Broken Bones Don't Get in the Way of a Big Break Matt Shilcock lives to dance- and he will break his bones to prove it.

Shilcock,33，was born with osteogenesis imperfect（成骨不全症）.It is effectively inevitable that bones in his body will break.Shilcock was in a wheelchair as he grew up in Adelaide ，until the determined teenager(20)it when he turned 15.

He said,\"I just felt like being in a wheelchair was stopping me from being able to participate in things,so if I don't take it to school,that's going to be the start of some kind of(21). \" He admits the decision led to \"complications\".\"I definitely lost(22) of how many bones I've broken,\" he said.\"If you experience something enough it becomes your norm.\"

Having a regular day job was never going to happen(23)dance occupied Shilcock's mind.

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\"I(24) took up dancing because it was just cheaper than physiotherapy.As I started to gain more confidence and competence moving my body,(25) injuries and coming back from injuries and learning my physical potential,just the(26) that came with that was really addictive,\" he said. And so he began a career on the stage,with an 18-month acting course progressing to his first dance show in 2010 with the Restless Dance Company.He had gone from project to project for a decade before(27)the big one,a mentorship（顾问）with the acclaimed Australian Dance Theatre（ADT）last year.

Shilcock has turned his hand to choreography.He said he has given himself permission （编舞）both to(28) or be great ，when audiences judge his choreographic work.

It is the start of a gradual transition out of dancing that he admits will be(29)for his body to take. 20. A. altered 21. A. change 22. A. count 23. A. although 24. A. additionally 25. A. adding to 26. A. shock 27. A. choosing 28. A. beat 29. A. easier

B. accepted B. ceremony B. control B. unless B. consequently B. adapting to B. interest B. landing B. fail B. funnier

C. abandoned C. rule C. sight C. while C. initially C. appealing to C. eagerness C. offering C. return C. quicker

D. approached D. routine D. patience D. once D. regularly D. applying to D. excitement D. promoting D. attempt D. smarter

四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）

30. A In the first few seconds,the lobster was still alive.I suddenly remembered the recipe says

lobster doesn't feel pain and will be dead in ten seconds,but it may keep (1) （move） because of muscle spasms（痉挛）.It made me feel more nervous to see it struggling and gradually stopping in the boiled pot.After around five minutes,I (2) （pull）it from the water.Then,here came another tough part：splitting its head from the body and then cutting the body into two pieces.Suddenly,somehow I felt a bit (3) （guilt） and scary.I felt the lobster was trying to deliver a warning with its staring eyes.

B In a world that seems ever more likely to suffer from stress and anxiety,it's so incredibly important for children to learn (4) to switch off.We want children to let off steam,to relax and unwind and they do this so well through play.As children enter their school years,they can start to feel pressure (5) mainly comes from school and 第9页，共23页

academia.Thankfully,playgrounds are a great way for them to play,interact and enjoy themselves.As they become more (6) active,their mental health and wellbeing （physical）improve as well.

C Is there an ethic（伦理）of memory？In his book The Ethics of Memory,Avishai Margalit pursues an idea that the past,connecting people to each other, (7) （make）possible the kinds of \"thick\" relations we can call truly ethical.Thick relations,he argues,are those that we have with family and friends,lovers and neighbors,our tribe and our nation--and they are all dependent on shared (8) （memory）.But we also have \"thin\" relations with total strangers,people (9) whom we have nothing in common except our common humanity.A central idea of the ethics of memory is that (10) radical evil attacks our shared humanity,we as human beings ought to remember the victims. 五、阅读表达（本大题共1小题，共12.0分） 31. 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。

Quite contrary to general belief,it is not only bad guys that commit crimes,good guys do that too.Sadly enough,unlike in the movies,we can't actually divide the world into good and bad guys.

Real life is never as simple as that.Just as diseases range from the common cold to serious forms of cancer,crimes also vary in degree.For example,smoking in an elevator will trouble people ，but much less than endangering them with a gun.

Besides breaking the law themselves,people tolerate various levels of crime.WhyIt may be that,by seeing others do something,we accept it more easily.For example,most people will find it easier to speed on a highway when everybody else is driving over the speed limit.So the people around us influence how much law-breaking we can tolerate. We must also wonder whether seeing violence on television or reading about it in the newspapers makes us tolerate crime more than we should.We become used to seeing blood on the media.Because we see thousands of dead people on TV，maybe we just try to ignore the situation behind the violence.

If so many citizens tolerate violence and crime,or even commit crimes themselves,it may simply be because of the human mind.Our minds may not care about specific

laws.Instead,we may have a system of values that usually prevents us from hurting other people to improve our own lives.Yet,when it comes to respecting the rights of a mass of unknown individuals,we might not be so responsible.While most people would not steal a

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wallet containing ﹩50，they may not mind cheating on taxes,because cheating on taxes does not hurt any single person.It hurts society,but \"society\" remains an abstract idea that is not as real as a certain person.

When we realize that many people have mistaken belief about law-breaking,we could think it isn't surprising that so many people have a criminal record.How could we improve the level of honesty in our society？Would strict laws help make our society better？Probably not.Honesty will have to come from social pressure：in the family,at school,on the job,each and every one of us can encourage honesty by showing which behaviors are unacceptable.

What is the general belief about committing crimes ______ What does the writer think of the violence on social media ______

Please decide which part is false in the following statement,then underline it and explain why. Some people do not mind cheating on taxes because they believe cheating on taxes is not a crime by nature. ______

How can we improve the level of honesty in our society（about 40 words） ______ 六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共20.0分）

32. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的美国笔友Jim来信询问你观看东京奥运会的

情况，请你给他回一封邮件，内容包括： 1.你喜欢的奥运项目； 2.你观看的感受。 注意：1.词数100词左右。

2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, _________ Yours, Li Hua

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答案和解析

1.【答案】

【小题1】A 【小题2】C 【小题3】A

【解析】（1）A.推理判断题。根据第一段

\"The two-year Master's program Computational Linguistics is a research-oriented program.It is designed to provide more in-depth skills in specialized subjects building on the contents of a B.Sc.in Natural Language Processing or a related field.两年制硕士课程计算语言学是一门以研究为导向的课程。该课程旨在以自然语言处理或相关领域理学学士学位的内容为基础，在专业领域提供更深入的技能。\"可知根据这篇文章，两年制的计算语言学硕士课程非常重视研究技能。故选A。 （2）C.细节理解题。根据最后一段

\"The first step will be to sign up online for our information sessions at the International Office that are offered on a regular basis.We look forward to your registration!第一步是在线注册我们在国际办事处定期提供的信息会议。我们期待您的注册！\"可知要在该项目中出国学习，学生应首先在线注册参加会议。故选C。 （3）A.文章来源题。根据第一段

\"The two-year Master's program Computational Linguistics is a research-oriented program.It is designed to provide more in-depth skills in specialized subjects building on the contents of a B.Sc.in Natural Language Processing or a related field.The program is characterized by an emphasis on team work,laboratory work and research skills.两年制硕士课程计算语言学是一门以研究为导向的课程。该课程旨在以自然语言处理或相关领域理学学士学位的内容为基础，提供更深入的专业技能。该计划的特点是强调团队合作、实验室工作和研究技能。\"以及最后一段

\"The first step will be to sign up online for our information sessions at the International Office that are offered on a regular basis.We look forward to your registration!第一步是在线注册我们在国际办事处定期提供的信息会议。我们期待您的注册！\"可知本文来自于大学网站。故选A。

本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了两年制硕士课程计算语言学的相关内容。 1．直接信息题：

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直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目；2．间接信息题：

间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换； 3．综合信息题：

综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。

4.【答案】

【小题1】B 【小题2】C 【小题3】A

B.细节理解题。【解析】（1）根据原文倒数第四段Keele jumped out of the car and ran back into the house.She fetched the purse and dashed back into the maelstrom.（基尔跳下车，跑回屋里。她拿了钱包，又冲进了暴风。）可知她跑去拿她祖母的钱包。故选B。 （2）C.细节理解题。根据原文第三段And then came the sound：the

unmistakable,ea-rsplitting roar of an approaching tornado.（然后传来了声音：毫无疑问的，震耳欲聋的龙卷风正在逼近。）可知龙卷风呼啸而来，震耳欲聋。故选C。

（3）A.细节理解题。根据原文倒数第二段My mother ran straight for our street.What she found was--nothing.（母亲径直朝我们住的那条街跑去。她发现的是--什么也没有。）可知作者的房子被毁了。故选A。

这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者一家遭遇龙卷风的故事。

做这类阅读理解，要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。

7.【答案】

【小题1】D 【小题2】A 【小题3】B 【小题4】B

【解析】（1）D.细节理解题。根据第二段句子

The Air-gen connects electrodes to the protein nanowires in such a way that electrical current

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is generated from the water vapor naturally present in the atmosphere.空气发电机将电极连接到蛋白质纳米线上，使电流由大气中自然存在的水蒸气产生。可见它与蛋白质纳米线薄膜一起工作。故选D。 （2）A.段落大意题。根据第五段

The Air-gen device requires only a thin film of protein nanowires less than 10 microns thick,the researchers explain.The bottom of the film rests on an electrode,while a smaller electrode that covers only part of the nanowire film sits on top.The film adsorbs water vapor from the atmosphere.A combination of the electrical conductivity and surface chemistry of the protein nanowires,coupled with the fine pores between the nanowires within the film,establishes the conditions that generate an electrical current between the two electrodes.研究人员解释说，空气发生器只需要一层厚度不到10微米的蛋白质纳米线薄膜。薄膜的底部靠在一个电极上，而一个只覆盖部分纳米线薄膜的较小电极位于顶部。该薄膜吸收大气中的水蒸气。导电性和表面粗糙度的结合蛋白质纳米线的ace化学，加上膜内纳米线之间的细孔，建立了在两个电极之间产生电流的条件。可见本段是解释空气发生器的工作原理。故选A。 （3）B.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段

Next steps they plan include developing a small Air-gen \"patch\"that can power electronic wearables such as health and fitness monitors and smart watches,which would eliminate the requirement for traditional batteries他们计划的下一步包括开发一种小型空气发生器\"贴片\"这可以为健康和健身监视器和智能手表等电子可穿戴设备供电，这将消除对传统电池的需求。可见下一步要做的应该是为电子可穿戴设备供电。故选 B。 （4）B.细节理解题。根据最后一段

The ultimate goal is to make large-scale systems.For example,the technology might be incorporated into wall paint that could help power your home.最终目标是制造大型系统。例如，这项技术可能会被应用到墙壁涂料中，帮助您为家里供电。可知最后一段指出未来的墙面涂料可能会给家里供电。故选B。

本文主要介绍了科学家开发了一种利用天然蛋白质从水分中制造电能的装置。这种装置的工作原理和未来设想。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

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11.【答案】

【小题1】C 【小题2】D 【小题3】C 【小题4】D

【解析】（1）C.词义猜测题。根据划线词所在的句子\"

After listening to the tapes,participants read about a local poverty and homelessness charity,before being asked whether or not they wanted to stuff envelopes in support of the organisation.Participants who decided to take part were left to do so for as long as they wanted.听完录音后，参与者会阅读有关当地一个贫困和无家可归者慈善机构的内容，然后被问及是否愿意为支持该机构而填信封。决定参加的参与者可以想参加多久就参加多久。\"可知划线词的意思是\"捐款\"。A.To employ people雇用人员；B.To write letters写信；C.To donate money捐款；D.To open envelopes打开信封。故选C。 （2）D.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段

And similar to the results of the first study,those in the interdependent condition saw an increased likelihood of volunteering after the mindfulness task,while those with independent self-construal were less likely to volunteer after listening to the mindfulness exercise.与第一项研究的结果类似，那些处于相互依存状态的人在完成正念任务后自愿参与的可能性增加，而那些具有自我意识的人在听了正念练习后自愿参与的可能性较小。可知两种研究表明思想的人较少是亲社会的，故选 D。

C.推理判断题。（3）根据最后一段句子 Mindfulness has often been positioned as a panaceanot only for anxiety or other mental health conditions but in other areas,too ：（灵丹妙药），productivity,creativity,personal relationships,and particular traits or habits.Mindfulness常常被定位为灵丹妙药，不仅是焦虑或其他心理健康状况，还有其他方面：生产力、创造力、人际关系以及特定的特质或习惯。可以推断，Mindfulness在某些情况下是有用的。故选C。

（4）D.观点态度题。根据最后一段Mindfulness has often been positioned as a panacea常常被定位为灵丹妙药和最后一句

Rather than treating it as a wholesale good,however,it may be better to understand when mindfulness might be truly beneficial- and,importantly,for whom.然而，与其将其视为一个整体性的好东西，不如更好地理解什么时候正念可能真正有益---更重要的是，对谁有益。A.Supportive支持的；B.Disapproving不赞成的；C.Neutral中立的；D.Critical批评的。可见作者对于mindfulness 具有批评的意思，故选D。

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本文主要写了集中注意力两项研究，以及这两项研究的过程和结果。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

15.【答案】

【小题1】E 【小题2】G 【小题3】A 【小题4】F 【小题5】C

【解析】（1）E.推理判断题。根据上一句

\"A.Newspaper and magazine websites are primary examples.交互式的东西包括用户的输入或操作。\"可知此处说的是交互式的东西包括用户的输入或操作。所以

\"E.Interactive reading thus requires some action or involvement on the part of the reader.因此，互动阅读需要读者的一些行动或参与。\"符合语境。故选E。 （2）G.推理判断题。根据上一句

\"Interactive learning materials such as companion websites provide additional involvement beyond the text.互动学习材料，如同伴网站，提供了文本之外的额外参与。\"可知此处说的是互动学习材料。所以

\"G.Examples of such materials include online games,videos,and other multimedia teaching aids.此类材料的示例包括在线游戏、视频和其他多媒体教具。\"符合语境。故选G。 （3）A.推理判断题。根据上一句

\"Adults have the ability to learn online from a variety of interactive media.成年人有能力从各种互动媒体在线学习。\"可知此处说的是各种互动媒体。所以

\"A.Newspaper and magazine websites are primary examples.报纸和杂志网站是主要的例子。\"符合语境。故选A。

（4）F.推理判断题。根据上一句

\"The concept of interactive reading is commonly associated with technology.互动阅读的概念通常与技术有关。\"可知此处说的是互动阅读的概念。所以

\"F.However,encouraging the interaction of readers with the text they read is not a new concept.然而，鼓励读者与他们阅读的文本互动并不是一个新概念。\"符合语境。故选F。 （5）C.推理判断题。根据下一句

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\"Readers become an integral part of their own absorption of information

with the use of multimedia tools,online content and various interactions.Publishers encourage readers to get involved with the materials printed by providing an ever-expanding menu of options for further understanding and enjoyment.通过使用多媒体工具、在线内容和各种互动，读者成为自己吸收信息的一个组成部分。出版商通过提供不断扩展的选项菜单，鼓励读者参与印刷材料，以进一步理解和享受。\"可知此处说的是现代技术。所以

\"C.Modern technology allows for a far deeper and broader use of interactive media.现代技术允许更深入更广泛地使用互动媒体。\"符合语境。故选C。 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了什么是互动阅读。 技巧

①通读全文，了解文章大意；

②细读五个选项，找出和文章相对应的关键词，分析选项间的逻辑关系； ③根据文章整体结构、具体内容，结合关键词，选出最佳选项；

④将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点查看逻辑关系和关联结构是否合理。

20.【答案】

【小题1】C 【小题2】A 【小题3】A 【小题4】D 【小题5】C 【小题6】B 【小题7】D 【小题8】B 【小题9】B 【小题10】A

【解析】（1）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.altered改变；B.accepted接受；C.abandoned遗弃；D.approached接近。希尔科克在阿德莱德长大，当时他坐在轮椅上，直到15岁时，这个意志坚定的少年放弃了轮椅。根据下文

so if I don't take it to school,that's going to be the start of some kind of（2）可知是放弃。故选C。

（2）A.考查名词及语境理解。A.change改变；B.ceremony仪式；C.rule规则；D.routine例行程序。他说：\"我只是觉得坐在轮椅上让我无法参与其中，所以如果我不把它带到学校，这将是某种改变的开始。\"故选A。

（3）A.考查名词及语境理解。A.count数；B.control控制；C.sight视力；D.patience耐心。他承认这一决定导致了\"并发症\"。\"我肯定记不清我断了多少根骨头，\"他说。根据 下文If you experience something enough it becomes your norm.可知是数不清楚。故选A。（4）D.考查连词及语境理解。A.although尽管如此；B.unless除非；C.while虽然，当...

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时候；D.once 一旦。一旦舞蹈占据了希尔科克的头脑，就永远不会有固定的白天工作。故选D。

（5）C.考查副词及语境理解。A.additionally另外；B.consequently因此；C.initially最初地；D.regularly定期地。我开始学跳舞是因为它比理疗便宜。根据下文

As I started to gain more confidence and competence moving my body可知是一开始。故选C。

（6）B.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.adding to增加；B.adapting to适应；C.appealing toD.applying to申请。呼吁；当我开始获得更多的自信和能力来移动我的身体，适应伤病，从伤病中恢复，学习我的身体潜能时，随之而来的兴奋真的让人上瘾。故选B。 （7）D.考查名词及语境理解。A.shock震惊；B.interest兴趣，利息；C.eagerness渴望；D.excitement兴奋。当我开始获得更多的自信和能力来移动我的身体，适应伤病，从伤病中恢复，学习我的身体潜能时，随之而来的兴奋真的让人上瘾。根据上文

As I started to gain more confidence and competence moving my body可知是兴奋。 故选D。B.考查动词及语境理解。A.choosing选择；B.landing获得，着陆；C.offering提供；（8）

D.promoting促进。他从一个项目到另一个项目已经有十年的时间了，直到去年与备受赞誉的澳大利亚舞蹈剧院（ADT）签订了大项目。根据上文He had gone from project to project 可知是获得。故选B。

（9）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.beat打；B.fail失败；C.return返回；D.attempt尝试。他说，当观众评判他的舞蹈作品时，他已经允许自己既失败又伟大。故选B。 （10）A.考查形容词及语境理解。A.easier更容易的；B.funnier更有趣的；C.quicker更D.smarter更聪明的。快的；他承认，这是舞蹈逐渐过渡的开始，他的身体将更容易接受。根据上文Shilcock has turned his hand to choreography可知是更容易的。故选A。 文章讲述了从小残疾的少年是如何克服困难，追求自己的舞蹈梦想的。

做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全部填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅，用词得当，意思正确。

30.【答案】【小题1】moving

【小题2】pulled 【小题3】guilty 【小题4】how

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【小题5】which/that 【小题6】physically 【小题7】makes 【小题8】memories 【小题9】with

【小题10】when /once/if

【解析】（1）moving.考查动词的分词形式。句意：我突然想起食谱上说龙虾不会感到疼痛，十秒后就会死亡，但它可能会因为肌肉痉挛而继续移动。空前有keep,keep doing一直做某事。故填moving.

（2）pulled.考查动词时态。句意：大约五分钟后，我把它从水里拉了出来。空前I是主语，因此这里用谓语，全文偶用的过去时，故填pulled.

（3）guilty.考查形容词。句意：突然，不知何故，我感到有点内疚和害怕。空前felt是感官动词，因此用形容词guilty。故填guilty.

（4）how.考查连词。句意：在一个似乎越来越容易遭受压力和焦虑的世界里，让孩子学会如何关机是非常重要的。根据句意应该用方式状语how。故填how.

（5）which/that.考查连词。句意：随着孩子们进入他们的学年，他们会开始感到压力，这种压力主要来自学校和学习成绩。此处是which/that引导的定语从句，空

which/that代替pressure在定语从句中做主语。后 comes from school and academia.缺主语，故填which/that.

（6）physically.考查副词。句意：随着他们身体变得更加活跃，他们的心理健康也会得到改善。空后 active是形容词，应该用副词修饰形容词。故填physically.

（7）makes.考查动词时态。句意：在他的《记忆的伦理》一书中，阿维夏伊•玛格里特追求这样一种观点，即过去将人们彼此联系在一起，使我们称之为真正伦理的\"厚\"关系成为可能。空前the past,connecting people to each other是that引导的从句中的主语，缺谓语动词，全文用的都是一般现在时，因此用makes。故填makes.

（8）memories.考查名词复数。句意：他认为，亲密关系是指我们与家人和朋友、爱人和邻居、我们的部落和我们的国家之间的关系，它们都依赖于共同的记忆。空前on是介词，因此这里要用名词，memory是可数名词，因此用memories。故填memories. （9）with.考查介词。句意：但是我们和完全陌生的人也有\"单薄\"的关系，除了我们共have nothing in common with是固定短语，同的人性，我们和这些人没有任何共同之处。

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\"和某人没有共同点\"。故填with.

（10）when /once/if.考查连词。句意：记忆伦理的一个核心思想是，当激进的攻击我们共同的人性时，我们作为人类应该记住受害者。这里是由when /once/if引导的状语从句。故填when /once/if.

本文是三篇说明文，主要讲述了一些自身的经历和一些关于记忆的理论。

语法填空题是考查学生的语言运用能力。解题时，要在理解文章的基础上，灵活运用语法知识，如词性、时态、名词单复数、连接词、代词、冠词等判断空白处应填写的内容。答完后，还要通读全文，核对所填单词形式是否正确，是否符合语境。

31.【答案】【小题1】Only bad guys commit crimes.

【小题2】It makes us tolerate crime more than we should./It makes us more used to violence than we should.

【小题3】because they believe cheating on taxes is not a crime by nature...cheating on taxes doesn't hurt any single person.

【小题4】First,we should use social pressure to fight against dishonesty.Then,we should also make more rules against dishonesty.Of course,it would be a good idea to promote public awareness onthe harm dishonesty does to our society.Lastly,publicizing and awarding honesty will be a good option.

【解析】（1）Only bad guys commit crimes.细节理解题。根据第一段的Quite contrary to general belief,it is not only bad guys that commit crimes,good

guys do that too.（与一般的看法相反，犯罪的不仅仅是坏人，好人也是。）可知，普遍的想法是只有坏人会犯罪。故填Only bad guys commit crimes.

It makes us tolerate crime more than we should./It makes us more used to violence than we （2）

should.细节理解题。根据第四段的

We must also wonder whether seeing violence on television or reading about it in the newspapers makes us tolerate crime more than we should.（我们还必须想一想，在电视上看到暴力或在报纸上读到暴力是否会让我们对犯罪的容忍度超过我们应该容忍的程度。）可知，社交媒体使我们更加容忍犯罪。故填

We must also wonder whether seeing violence on television or reading about it in the newspapers makes us tolerate crime more than we should.

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（3）because they believe cheating on taxes is not a crime by nature...cheating on taxes doesn't hurt any single person.细节理解题。根据第五段的While most people would not steal a wallet containing ﹩50，

they may not mind cheating on taxes,because cheating on taxes does not hurt any single person.（虽然大多数人不会偷一个装有50﹩的钱包，他们可能不介意偷税漏税，因为偷税漏税不会伤害任何一个人。）可知，这句话中because they believe cheating on taxes is not a crime by naturecheating on （因为他们相信骗税本质上不是犯罪）是错的，正确的说法是：taxes doesn't hurt any single person（偷税漏税不会伤害任何人）。故填because they believe cheating on taxes is not a crime by nature...cheating on taxes doesn't hurt any single person. （4）First,we should use social pressure to fight against dishonesty.Then,we should also make more rules against dishonesty.Of course,it would be a good idea to promote public awareness onthe harm dishonesty does to our society.Lastly,publicizing and awarding honesty will be a good option.开放题。根据最后一段的

How could we improve the level of honesty in our societyWould strict laws help make our society better

Probably not.Honesty will have to come from social pressure：

in the family,at school,on the job,each and every one of us can encourage honesty by showing which behaviors are unacceptable.（我们如何才能提高社会的诚信水平？严格的法律会帮助我们的社会变得更好吗？可能不会。诚信必须来自社会压力：在家庭、学校、工作中，我们每个人都可以通过展示哪些行为是不可接受的来鼓励诚信。）因此可以根据这些方面来发挥，例如：First,we should use social pressure to fight against dishonesty.Then,we should also make more rules against dishonesty.Of course,it would be a good idea to promote public awareness onthe harm dishonesty does to our society.Lastly,publicizing and awarding honesty will be a good option.（首先，我们应该利用社会压力打击不诚实行为。那么，我们也应该制定更多的规则来反对不诚实行为。当然，提高公众对不诚实行为对社会危害的认识是个好主意。最后，宣传和奖励诚实是一个不错的选择。）故填First,we should use social pressure to fight against dishonesty.Then,we should also make more rules against dishonesty.Of course,it would be a good idea to promote public awareness onthe harm dishonesty does to our society.Lastly,publicizing and awarding honesty will be a good option. 本文议论文，文章介绍现在社会任何人都会犯罪，社交媒体容忍犯罪，需要加强社会诚信建设。

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①通读全文，弄清楚段落大意及文章的中心意思以及作者的基本观点、态度。 ②根据问题去寻找答案，避免答非所问。

③简练作答，不要画蛇添足．组织答案时，注意避免语言错误，如：时态、主谓一致、句子结构和拼写等。

④认真核查，逐一检查所填的词是否符合原文主旨和细节，是否答非所问，是否仍存在语法、词汇拼写等错误，如果对字数有要求，是否符合要求。

⑤答案形式要符合提问方式，如原文中提问方式为\"why\"，那么就要用\"because\"引导的从句来回答。

32.【答案】Dear Jim,

Knowing you inquire something about my watching the Tokyo Olympic Games,I'm writing to share my favorite event with you.（点明书信主题）

10-meter air rifle attracts me most because it requires extreme accuracy and

calmness.Competing in a noisy stadium,athletes are faced with great challenge to both skills and determined mind.【高分句型一】I watched the breathtaking competition.Athletes,trying their best to relieve anxiety from the opponents and audiences,fired shots with full

concentration.The most exciting was the bottom-out part,where athletes were eliminated round by round.【高分句型二】I was greatly amazed by how much potential humans had in such a stressful circumstance.It brightened up my day when our athlete Yang Qian won the first prize.（介绍自己喜欢的奥运项目以及观看的感受）

What about your favorite gamesLooking forward to your sharing them.（询问对方喜欢的项目） Yours, Li Hua

【解析】高分句型一

Competing in a noisy stadium,athletes are faced with great challenge to both skills and determined mind.

分析：句子里，现在分词Competing in a noisy stadium作时间状语。

翻译：在一个嘈杂的体育场里比赛，运动员们面临着对技能和决心的巨大挑战。 高分句型二

The most exciting was the bottom-out part,where athletes were eliminated round by round.

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分析：句子里，修饰先行词the bottom-out part,关系词where引导非性定语从句athletes were eliminated round by round。

翻译：最令人兴奋的是资格赛的部分，运动员们被淘汰了一轮又一轮。

写作时，考生要尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，尽可能的使用较复杂的句子结构，尽量使用高级词汇以便得到较高的分数。写作是一个厚积薄发的过程，是一项将积累释放于一时的过程。积累越深厚，释放就越精彩；积累越科学，释放就越有效。

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