2018-2019学年英语新导学人教浙江专用版必修三讲义：Unit 2 Period Four Word版含答案

Period Four Grammar—Modal verbs(Ⅱ)

阅读以下句子，仔细观察黑体部分并补全空格。 1．By now his restaurant ought to be full of people. 2．Does your father need any help? 3．What do we need to take for the picnic? 4．You needn’t try to explain. 5．His mother is ill.He has to stay at home to look after her. 6．Something terrible must have happened if Li Chang was not coming to eat in his restaurant as he always did. 1．以上句子中，第1、4、5、6句中的黑体词都是情态动词，而第2、3句中的黑体词是实义动词。

2．以上各句中的情态动词后都接动词原形。其中第6句中must have happened的意思是“一定已经发生了”。

3．上述句子中ought to意为“应该”；need意为“需要”；has to意为“不得不”。

1．ought to的用法

(1)表示责任和义务，意为“应该”，与should同义。

You ought to be more careful when you do some shopping on the Internet. 在网上购物时，你应该更小心些。 考点警示

ought to的否定形式为ought not to/oughtn’t to，一般疑问形式是将ought提至句首，其否定答语通常用don’t have to或needn’t。 ①You ought not to make this kind of mistake again. 你不应该再犯这种错误了。 ②—Ought he to see the doctor?

—Yes，he ought (to)．/No，he doesn’t have to/needn’t. ——他该去看医生吗？

——是的，他该去。/不，他不必去。

(2)表示可能性，一般指较大的可能性，意为“按道理应该”。 If he started at six，he ought to be here now. 要是他六点就出发的话，这会儿该到这里了。 2．have to的用法

have to意为“不得不”，有时态、人称和数的变化，其否定形式和疑问形式需要借助于助动词do。

It was raining outside；we had to stay at home. 下雨了，我们不得不待在家里。 考点警示 have to & must

(1)两者都可意为“必须，应该”，但 have to 表示客观的需要，而 must 表示说话人主观上的看法，即主观上的必要。

(2)have to有人称、数和时态的变化，而 must 只有一种形式。 ①He had to look after his sister yesterday. 昨天他必须照顾他的妹妹。

②My sister is ill；my mother has to look after her. 我妹妹生病了，妈妈不得不照顾她。

③We must help each other.我们必须互相帮助。

(3)在否定结构中，don’t have to 表示“不必”；mustn’t 表示“禁止，不许”。 You don’t have to tell him about it. 你不必把此事告诉他。

You mustn’t point at others with chopsticks. 你不许用筷子指着别人。

(4)在回答 must 的一般疑问句时，肯定式常用 must，表示“必须”，否定式常用 need not/needn’t或 don’t have to，表示“不必”。 3．need的用法

(1)need既可以作实义动词，也可以作情态动词。作情态动词时，后跟动词原形，表示“需要，有必要”，无人称和数的变化，多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。 ①You needn’t go there now.你现在不必去那儿。 ②Need I go there now？我现在需要去那儿吗？ 考点警示

由need引导的一般疑问句的肯定回答常用must或have to；否定回答常用needn’t。 —Need I hand in my paper now?

—Yes，you must/have to./No，you needn’t. ——我现在需要交上论文吗？

——是的，你必须。/不，你不需要。

(2)作为实义动词，同其他实义动词一样，可用于各种句式，有时态、人称、数的变化，构成否定句和疑问句时要借助于助动词do。 ①You need to be careful.你得小心些。

②You don’t need to be so worried.你不必如此担心。 考点警示

当need作实义动词“需要”讲时，其后跟不定式的被动形式相当于跟v.-ing的主动形式，在这一点上，与want和require作“需要”讲时一样。

The house needs/wants/requires repairing/to be repaired.这所房子需要修葺。 4．dare的用法

(1)dare既可以作实义动词，也可以作情态动词。作情态动词时多用于疑问句、否定句、条件状语从句以及表示怀疑的名词性从句中，表示“敢……”。 I dare not walk through the wood at night. 夜间我不敢在小树林里走。

(2)dare作实义动词时，在否定句中不定式符号to也可以省略。 The children don’t dare (to) make a sound while their parents are sleeping. 孩子们在父母睡觉时不敢弄出一点声音。 5．“情态动词＋have done”结构的用法

(1)must have done表示对过去发生的事情所作出的合理或很有把握的推测，意为“想必/准是/一定……”，只用于肯定句中，在否定句或疑问句中通常被can/can’t＋have done代替。 From what you said，she must have told you all about it.从你所说的来看，她一定把一切都告诉你了。

(2)can have done一般用于疑问句和否定句中，用于表示对过去所发生事情的推测。could have done用于肯定句时，表示“可能已经做过某事”或“本有能力做某事而未做”。

Mr Smith can’t have gone to Beijing，for I saw him in the library just now.史密斯先生不可能去北京了，因为我刚才还在图书馆看见他了。

(3)should/ought to have done表示“过去本应该做某事而(实际上)没有做”，含有责备或遗憾的语气；其否定形式表示“某种行为不该发生却发生了”。 You should have done more exercise before. 以前你应该多进行锻炼的。

(4)need have done表示“本需要做而实际未做”；needn’t have done表示“本不必做某事而实际做了”。

As it turned out to be a small house party，we needn’t have dressed up so formally.原来是一个小型的家庭聚会，我们本来没必要穿得那么正式。

(5)may/might have done表示对过去发生的事情的推测，意思是“也许已经做了某事，可能已经做了某事”，多用在肯定句中，用might时表示语气更加不肯定。 You might have read about the news in the papers. 你可能已经在报上看过这个消息了。

用适当的情态动词的肯定或否定形式填空

1．I can’t find my purse.I could/might have left it in the supermarket yesterday，but I’m not sure.(2018·天津)

2．My room is a mess，but I needn’t clean it before I go out tonight.I can do it in the morning.(2017·天津)

3．George can’t have gone too far.His coffee is still warm.(2016·浙江)

4．I needn’t have worried before I came to the new school，for my classmates here are very friendly to me.(2015·天津)

5．—Sorry，Mum! I failed the job interview again.

—Oh，it’s too bad.You should have made full preparations.(2015·福建)

6．My book，The House of Hades，is missing.Who could have taken it？(2014·陕西) 7．Since nobody gave him any help，he must have done the research on his own. (2013·新课标全国Ⅱ)

Ⅰ.选词填空

1．As there was no bus，we had to(had to；should) walk home.

2．I want to go to the office，but you need not go(need not to go；need not go) with me. 3．I ought to have taken(to have taken；to take) those books to the library last week.

4．The mother told her son，“You mustn’t(wouldn’t；mustn’t) eat with your fingers！” 5．He went on foot，but he should have gone(ought have gone；should have gone) by bus. Ⅱ.完成句子

1．你应该在家里放一个简易的急救箱以防有任何事故。

You should/ought to keep a simple first aid box at home for any accidents. 2．经理脾气太暴躁，我不敢告诉他这个坏消息。

The manager is so hot-tempered that I dare not tell him the bad news. 3．你没必要拿四个，两个就够了。 You needn’t fetch four；two will do.

4．他们本该午饭时间到达的，但他们的航班延误了。 They should have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. 5．你本没必要告诉我这个消息。我早知道了。

You needn’t have told me the news.I have already known it.

Ⅰ.用情态动词和所给动词的正确形式填空

1．You ought to/should have given(give) him some advice.He was too upset at that time. 2．You mustn’t smoke(smoke) in this part of the hospital. 3．There was plenty of time.She needn’t have hurried(hurry)． 4．I have no bike，so I have to go(go) to the office on foot. 5．You needn’t buy(not，buy) a gift，but you can if you want to. 6．Look！The road is wet.It must have rained(rain) last night. 7．Bob ought not to/should not speak(not，speak) to his mother like that. 8．You must come(come) here on time，or you’ll be fined next time. 9．Hurry up！We ought to/should go(go) to school right away. 10．Her eyes are red.She must have been(be) crying. Ⅱ.用“情态动词＋have done”完成句子 1．他们一定去过长城，不是吗？

They must have been to the Great Wall，haven’t they? 2．昨天晚上他不可能看电视，因为他知道就要考试了。

He can’t/couldn’t have watched TV last night，for he knew he would have a test. 3．本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心了。 He could have passed the exam，but he was too careless. 4．以前你本应该多读书的。

You should/ought to have read more books before. 5．你可能已经在报纸上看过这个消息了。 You might/may have read about it in the newspapers. 6．我本不必做这么多吃的，大家都不饿。

I needn’t have cooked so much food.Nobody was hungry.

Ⅰ.阅读理解

Have you got teenage children between 12 and 17? Will they jump at the idea to go to South Africa too? Well，let me help you here.I will give you some great ideas about what teenagers can do in Cape Town and give you reasons why a stay in Cape Town will be cool for them too.

You will read where to find really interesting activities and how much money you will have to pay for them and also how your children can gain as many great experiences as possible when holidaying or even living in Cape Town.

•Mad about Football—not only for Soccer Fans

Where：Cape Town Stadium(体育场)，15 mins from Cape Town’s central business district (CBD)．The new visitor center offers several tours.How much does it cost? R45.6 for adults or kids over 12，R17.1 for kids up to 12 and R11.4 per student for school groups.The Biodiversity Garden next to the stadium is interesting as well and can be added into tour at an additional cost.

•Theme Park with more than 23 rides and roller coasters(过山车)

Where：Ratanga Junction，Century City,20 mins north of Cape Town CBD.Costs: R75 for kids under 1.3m and R152 for kids over 1.3m or adults，open only on school holidays and public holidays.

•Sandboarding

Where：Atlantis,45 mins north of Cape Town CBD.Costs: R595 for a half day of fun in the sand.

•Ice skating

Where：Grand West Casino Complex，Goodwood,20 mins east of Cape Town CBD.Costs：R35 (including skates)．

•Enjoy mini golf

Where：Several places around Cape Town CBD.Muizenberg Beach Promenade，Green Point Promenade，Durbanville Vodacom Golf Driving Range or try Cave Golf at the V&A Waterfront next to Scratch Patch.Costs：R8.

•Go bowling

Where：Several places around Cape Town CBD.Costs：R25. •How about climbing walls

Where：Observatory,20 mins south of Cape Town CBD.Costs：R50.

语篇解读 本文介绍了在开普敦适于青少年的几项活动，包括点、距离、价格等相关信息。 1．A visitor can get the following information about the activities in the passage EXCEPT .

A．location C．food 答案 C

B．cost D．distance

解析 细节理解题。根据活动相关信息可知，文章涉及活动的地点、价格和距离，但未涉及食物信息。故选C。

2．If a couple want to take their son aged 15 and daughter aged 9 to visit Cape Town Stadium，they should pay . A．R182.4 C．R125.4 答案 B

解析 细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句“R45.6 for adults or kids over 12，R17.1 for kids up to 12 and R11.4 per student for school groups.”可知，该夫妇要花45.6×3＋17.1＝153.9。故选B。

3．In order to have fun on the sand，visitors should go to . A．Atlantis

B．Green Point Promenade C．Ratanga Junction

D．Grand West Casino Complex 答案 A

解析 细节理解题。根据Sandboarding下的“Where: Atlantis,45 mins north of Cape Town CBD.”可知，在亚特兰蒂斯可以享受沙滩。故选A。 4．Which of the following activities costs least? A．Theme Park. C．Bowling. 答案 D

解析 细节理解题。根据Enjoy mini golf下的“Costs：R8.”可知，该活动只要8元，与其他活动相比是最便宜的。故选D。 Ⅱ.完形填空

I remember my first day here very clearly.My friend was waiting for me when my plane 1 at Kennedy Airport at 3 o’clock in the afternoon.The weather was very 2 and it was snowing.But I was too excited to 3 .From the airport my friend and I took a taxi to my 4 .On the way I saw the skyline of Manhattan 5 the first time，and I stared in astonishment at the famous skyscrapers and neon lights(霓虹灯) made them 6 .My friend helped me 7 at the hotel and then left me because he had to go back to work.He 8 to return the next day.

9 my friend had left I went to a 10 near the hotel to get something to eat.Because

B．R153,9 D．R114

B．Climbing walls. D．Mini golf.

I couldn’t speak a word of English and I couldn’t tell the 11 what I wanted，I was very upset and started to make some 12 .But the waiter didn’t understand me.Finally I ordered the 13 thing the man at the next table was eating.After dinner I started to 14 along Broadway 15 I came to Time Square，with its movie theatres，neon lights and huge crowds of people.I did not feel 16 so I continued to walk around the city.I wanted to see 17 on my first day.I knew it was impossible but I wanted to try.

When I 18 to the hotel，I was exhausted.But I couldn’t sleep.I lay 19 and thought about New York.It was a very big and interesting city with many tall buildings and big cars，and full of noise and busy people.I also decided right then that I had to learn to 20 . 语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了作者到达纽约第一天的经历。 1．A.took off C．dropped 答案 B

解析 根据下文可知，作者乘坐的飞机在纽约肯尼迪机场着陆。land着陆，符合语境。take off起飞；drop掉落；reach到达，为及物动词，不与at搭配。 2．A.hot C．cold 答案 C

解析 根据下文的“it was snowing”可知，天气很冷。 3．A.look C．enjoy 答案 D

解析 根据上文的“I was too excited”可知，作者由于太兴奋而并不介意天气寒冷而且还下着雪。mind介意。 4．A.home C．office 答案 B

解析 根据下文“My friend helped me at the hotel...”可知，作者和朋友一起乘出租车去旅馆。hotel旅馆。 5．A.for C．as 答案 A

解析 for the first time为固定短语，表示“第一次”。

B．landed D．reached

B．warm D．cool

B．listen D．mind

B．hotel D．school

B．at D．on

6．A.high C．strong 答案 B

B．beautiful D．ugly

解析 根据语境可知，霓虹灯光使摩天大楼非常美丽。beautiful美丽的，漂亮的。 7．A.load C．unpack 答案 C

解析 根据常识和语境可知，作者的朋友帮作者把东西放在旅馆中。unpack卸下，符合语境。load装；download下载；pack包装，打包。 8．A.promised C．advised 答案 A

解析 根据上文可知，作者的朋友离开了，所以应是答应第二天再来。promise答应，后跟动词不定式。 9．A.Long before C．By the time 答案 B

解析 作者的朋友离开后不久，作者就出去吃些东西。shortly after ……之后不久，符合语境。long before很久以前；by the time到……的时候；before long不久以后，不引导从句。 10．A.restaurant C．supermarket 答案 A

解析 根据下文的“...to get something to eat.”可知，作者去餐馆了。 11．A.boss C．waiter 答案 C

解析 在餐馆里要告诉waiter(侍者)想吃什么饭菜。下文“But the waiter didn’t understand me.”也是提示。 12．A.noises C．sounds 答案 D

解析 根据“I couldn’t speak a word of English...”可知，作者不会讲英语，所以只能用手势告诉侍者。

B．download D．pack

B．permitted D．admitted

B．Shortly after D．Before long

B．store D．theater

B．cook D．manager

B．suggestions D．gestures

13．A.familiar C．same 答案 C

B．different D．right

解析 因为侍者不理解作者的意思，所以作者只能点和邻桌的人正吃的一样的饭菜。 14．A.walk C．ride 答案 A

解析 根据下文“...I continued to walk around the city.”可知，作者步行参观这个城市。 15．A.before C．when 答案 B

解析 作者沿着百老汇大街一直走到时代广场。 16．A.excited C．tired 答案 C

解析 根据语境及空后的“...so I continued to walk around the city.”可知，作者没有感到累。excited激动的；amazed惊奇的；tired累的；moved感动的。 17．A.anything C．nothing 答案 D

解析 根据上文可知，作者想要在第一天就看遍一切。 18．A.returned C．walked 答案 A

解析 作者回到所居住的旅馆。return返回；turn改变方向；walk步行；march前进。 19．A.asleep C．afraid 答案 B

解析 根据上一句“But I couldn’t sleep.”可知，作者是醒着的。asleep睡着的；awake醒着的；afraid害怕的；amused愉快的。 20．A.drive cars C．speak English 答案 C

解析 根据作者在餐馆的遭遇可知，作者决心学习英语。

B．drive D．run

B．until D．as

B．amazed D．moved

B．something D．everything

B．turned D．marched

B．awake D．amused

B．plan trips D．order meals

Ⅲ.语法填空

Have you ever noticed that you feel happier and more relaxed after you eat bread，pasta or fruit？Do you find that you are more energetic and awake after eating yogurt or beans？These things are not accidents.Food affects 1. we feel more than we think.Scientists researching 2. (it) effect on our moods are beginning to understand that we can influence our feelings with what we eat.

Although our moods relate 3. having various food，it is not quite as simple as choosing the food for the right occasions.If that 4. (be) the case，athletes would not eat a lot of carbohydrates before a race.

Another chemical 5. (connect) with our moods is caffeine，which 6. (find) in coffee，chocolate and many types of tea，and it is perhaps 7. worst thing you can have when you are feeling stressed.

Of course,8. (enjoy) a nice meal with friends，whatever we eat，can also impact our spirits.Being with friends and family plays a big part in experiencing happiness.

Most 9. (important)，though，remember the following old rule：try to eat different food,10. not too much.

语篇解读 我们所吃的食物会对我们的情绪有影响。因此，我们要尝试吃不同的食物，但是不要吃太多。 1．答案 how

解析 考查宾语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，由“we feel more than we think”可知，从句不缺主要成分；结合语境可以判断，应用疑问副词how引导该从句，并在从句中作状语。 2．答案 its

解析 考查代词。由名词effect可知，应用形容词性物主代词its。 3．答案 to

解析 考查介词。relate to为固定搭配，意为“和……有关系”。 4．答案 were

解析 考查虚拟语气。根据该句中的“athletes would not eat a lot of carbohydrates before a race”可知，该句为虚拟语气，表示对目前情况的虚拟，故从句谓语动词用be动词的过去式were。

5．答案 connected

解析 考查形容词短语。此处为形容词短语作后置定语。 6．答案 is found

解析 考查动词的时态和语态。此处which引导非性定语从句，先行词为caffeine，和

find之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态；此处是对客观情况的描述，应用一般现在时。 7．答案 the

解析 考查定冠词。根据空后的形容词最高级worst可知，空处应用the。 8．答案 enjoying

解析 考查动名词。分析该句结构可知，此处为动名词短语在句中作主语。 9．答案 importantly

解析 考查副词。空处修饰全句，故用副词形式。 10．答案 but/yet

解析 考查连词。根据语境可知，尝试吃不同的食物，但是不要吃太多。根据句意可知，空处应用转折连词。