7BUnit4知识点梳理与练习

7B Unit4知识点梳理及练习⼀、重点词汇及句型

1、I think we have to go up again. 我想我们不得不再上去。

have to 意为“必须，不得不”，否定形式为don’t(doesn’t) have to,意思为“不必”，疑问形式为“Do(Does)…have to …?”。如：We finish the work before having supper. 我们必须在吃晚饭前完成这项⼯作。I practice the piano on Sunday. 我不必在周⽇练钢琴。

―Do you practice the piano on Sunday? ―你不得不在周⽇练钢琴吗？―Yes, I do./―No, I do n’t. －是的，必须。/－不，不必要。

★2、Sunshine Zoo is north of Sunshine middle school. 阳光动物园在阳光中学的北⾯。1）“A + be + ⽅位词+ of + B”结构⽤于描述A地在B在的某个⽅向。如：

The park is west of my home. 公园就在我家的西边。注意：此种结构中⽅位词前不加the,⽽在“in/on/to the + ⽅位词+ of”中，却要加the。如：

China is in the east of Asia. 中国在亚洲的东部。

另外需要特别注意：⽅位词(east/west/south/north)+ of=to the +⽅位词(east/west/south/north)+ of例：

Japan is China.=Japan is China.

2）英语中的⽅向：east，west，south，north，south-east，south-west，north-east，north-west3）to the east of，in the east of，on the east of的区别

B is in the east of A. （内部）C is on the east of A.（外部但接壤）

C is to the east of B.（外部不接壤）=C is B. 例：Shanghai is east of China and north of Guangdong.A.in the；不填B.不填；to theC.in the;on theD.to the;on the

3、They like to eat bamboo and lie down all day long.它们喜欢吃⽵⼦，整天躺着。

（1）lie 为不及物动词，意思中“平躺”、“位于”、“说谎”。例如：After supper he likes lying on his chair. 吃过晚饭他喜欢躺在椅⼦上。Taiwan lies in the southeast of China. 位于中国的东南。We don’t like a person who often lies. 我们不喜欢经常说谎的⼈。lie to sb.对某⼈说谎，注意介词⽤to

注意：lie的现代分词是lying。类似的还有tie—tying；die—dying。

（2）all day long的意思是“整天”，亦可以说all day around。类似的还有all year long/around（常年，全年）。例如：他常年⽣病住院。（翻译）

4、Go straight on, and you’ll find the Panda House. ⼀直往前⾛，你就将看到熊猫馆。

（1）go on 表⽰“继续（说/做）下去”。常⽤结构为：go on doing继续做（未做完的事，中间⽆间断）；go on to do接着做（做完某事，接着⼲另外⼀件事）。如：Go on writing, please. 请继续写下去。

We have finished Unit 5. Let’s go on to learn Unit 6. 我们已经学完了第5单元，让我们继续学习第6单元。（2）straight ⽤作副词，意为“径直地，笔直地”。如：They stood . 他们站得笔直。Walk on and you’ll see the traffic lights. ⼀直⾛你将看到红绿灯。

Go down the road, you’ll find the post office. 沿着这条路⼀直向前，你会找到邮局。5、Walk along the road. 沿着这条路⾛。

（1）along ⽤作介词，意为“沿着；顺着”，相当于down。如：The train station is along that road, on the left. ⽕车站在那条路的左边。

Walk the road and take the third turning on the right.沿着公路⾛，在第三个转变处向右拐。

（2）along ⽤作副词，意为“向前”，常与表⽰运动的动词go, come, move等连⽤，表⽰向前移动。如：Come straight alonghere. 直接到这⼉来。Come along. 来吧，跟我来吧。6、Remember that they’re dangerous. 记住它们是危险的。

（1）remember动词，意为“记得、记住”，反义词是forget。后⾯可接名词和代词或从句。如：Do you remember her? 你还记得她吗？

Did the girl remember your name? 那个⼥孩还记得你的名字吗？

（2）remember to do sth意为“记得去做某事”，该事没有做；remember doing sth意为“记得曾做过某事”，该事已经做了。如：

Remember to turn off the lights when you leave. 当你离开时要记得关好灯。I remember telling you about this. 我记得告诉过你那件事。例：

Kate，remember for the sick to cheer them up. A．to sing B.singing C.not to sing7、Cross the bridge, and you’ll see the elephants. 过桥，你就会看到⼤象。（1）本句属于“祈使句+ and + 简单句”的句型。注意，祈使句的动词必须使⽤动词原形。

（2）cross作动词，意为“越过；穿过；渡过”。如：It’s dangerous to cross the street when the traffic can go.当车辆能够通⾏时，穿越马路是很危险的。

（3）cross⽤作动词，还可意为“使交叉；使相交”。如：The street crosses the railroad tracks. 这条街与铁轨相交。[难点解析]

（1）cross,across,pass,past的区别

cross作动词，意为“横穿，穿过”，across是介词，cross=go/walk across

cross the street= the street过马路cross the river= the river过河

pass作动词，意为“经过…的旁边”，意思相当于go past/walk pastAs she passed the library door，the telephone began to ring.换⼀种⽅式As she the library door，the telephone began to ring.例：

Walk the building and go the

bridge.You will find the bank right beside the market.A.past;crossB.pass;acrossC.pass;crossD.past;cross

（2）across和through的区别

1)across横穿，横渡，与街道或河流形成⼗字，通常是在物体的表⾯穿过；如：go across the street 穿过⼤街

I swam across the Changjiang River 20 years ago.

2)through则表⽰贯通，直穿，从⼀头贯穿到另⼀头，通常表⽰在⽴体空间中穿过；如：The river runs through our city.go through the forest 穿过森林go through the tunnel

通常过河、过街⽤across，⽽过隧道或形容河流的流动、铁路的途径路线等时⽤through；巧记：“⼗”字形联想across，“⼀”字形或蛇形联想through；EX:

①( )The Xiamen-Shenzhen high speed railroad will run ________ eight cities.A. acrossB. throughC. overD. cross

②他穿过了⼤厅。He passed ____________ the hall.

③过马路前要左右看。Look left and right before you go ________ the street.8、Take the second turning on the right. 在第⼆个拐⾓处右拐。

本句中的“take + the + 序数词+ turning on the left/right”意为“在第……个拐弯处向左/右拐”。例：

Walk/Go along the street, take on the left.沿着这条街往前⾛，在第三个拐弯处向左拐。9、My parents will prepare plenty of food and drinks for us.我们的⽗母将为我们准备⾜够的⾷品和饮料。

（1）p repare作动词，意为“准备；预备”。prepare sth (for sb)(为某⼈)准备某事；如My mother will prepare a cake for me.妈妈会为我准备⼀个蛋糕。

（2）plenty作名词，意为“丰富，⼤量，充分”，它是不可数名词，只⽤于肯定句中。如：―Would you like some more? ―再来点⼉吗？

―No, thanks, I have had plenty. ―谢谢，不要了，⾜够了。[拓展]

plenty of 意为“⼤量，⾜够”，前⾯没有不定冠词，它既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。谓语动词单复数根据后⾯所修饰的名词单复数⽽定。如：有充⾜的钱。(翻译)有充⾜的书。（翻译）

10、Here we’re in front of the South Gate.我们到南门的前⾯了。

in front of…在…前⾯；如：Mary sat in front of Jack. in the front of…在…前⾯（在某物的⾥⾯）；如：The blackboard is inthe front of the classroom.例：

Let’s take some photos the South Gate. A.in the front of B.in front of C.at the back of D.at back ofB.

11、Birds make beautiful sounds when they sing.鸟⼉们在唱歌时发出美妙的声⾳。make beautiful sounds发出美妙的声⾳

1）这⾥的sound作名词，表⽰“具体的某种声⾳”的意思，是可数名词；如：make strange sounds发出奇怪的声⾳；Lisa was so frightened that she couldn’t make a sound.丽萨吓得发不出声⾳。

2）sound还可以表⽰抽象的声⾳，即“声波、声能”的意思，是不可数名词；如：Light travels faster than sound.光⽐声⾳的传播速度快。

3）sound还可以作动词，表⽰“听起来…”，此时后⾯接形容词，如：That sounds great.听上去很棒。

类似的还有look/taste/smell/feel，当它们表⽰“看/尝/闻/摸（感觉）起来”的意思的时候，后⾯必须接形容词，它们与sound⼀起组成英语中的五个感官类动词；例：

那个注意听上去很棒。那个⼥孩看起来漂亮。这个炸鸡尝起来美味。这些花闻起来⾹。这件⾐服摸上去软。

12、Monkeys are clever and funny.

funny adj.有趣的，滑稽的；如：a funny film⼀部有趣的电影[拓展]

fun作名词，表⽰“有趣的事情”，如：Have great fun!玩得开⼼！例：

Mr Bean is always (fun) and makes people laugh.13、treasure

treasure表⽰“宝藏、财富”的时候，是不可数名词；如：There is a lot of treasure in the boat.14、everybody

everybody每个⼈,后⾯的动词要⽤第三⼈称单数形式. 如：Everybody likes her.[拓展]：如果主语是

something,somebody,someone,somewhere,anything, anybody,anyone,anywhere,nothing,nobody,no one,everything,everybody,everyone,everywhere,each,a (little), another,none,one,either 等时,谓语动词⽤单数形式.★15、far与away的⽤法辨析

be far away from表⽰“离…很远”的意思，⽤来泛指距离远；当away前有具体的数字表⽰具体的距离时，前⾯不可再⽤far，如:学校离这2公⾥远。（翻译）学校离这远。（翻译）

16、be afraid of sth/ doing sth. 与be afraid to do sth.辨析（1）be afraid of sth/doing sth 表⽰“担⼼某事会发⽣”，如：

The little boy is afraid of being punished by his father. 这个⼩男孩担⼼被他的⽗亲惩罚。

I’m afraid of falling into the river.我担⼼掉进河⾥。（2）be afraid to do sth 表⽰“因内⼼的恐惧⽽不敢做某事”，如：I’m afraid to go alone at night.我不敢在夜间独⾃⾏⾛。例题：1）（）The girl was afraid English before somany people because she was afraid mistakes．A.to speak;to makeB.to speak;of makingC.of speaking;of makingD.of speaking;tomake

2) ( )She was afraid because she was afraid ．A.to swim;to drownB.to swim;of drowningC.of swimming;to drownD.of swimming;ofdrowning[拓展]

I’m afraid not.恐怕不能。表⽰“认为对⽅所说的事情不会发⽣”的意思，是⼀种委婉的否定。常⽤在单项选择的对话中。例题：

（2014·重庆）—Will you be back before 10 o’clock? —The exam won’t be over until eleven. A．I hope not. B.Here you are.C.I’m afraid not. D.Best wishes.

17、“It’s adj+to do…”结构，表⽰做某事是adj（如：difficult,easy,hard,good,bad等）的；如：

完成这个任务是困难的。每天早上刷⽛时好的。

18、hear sb do与hear sb doing的辨析

（1）“hear sb. doing sth.” 的意思是“听见某个动作的⼀部分”，或者意为“听见这个动作正在进⾏”；如：

When I passed her room, I heard her singing an English song. 我路过她房间的时候，听见她在唱英⽂歌。因为“当我经过她房间时”是某个时间点，因此听到的是正在进⾏的sing的⼀部分，所以⽤hear sb. doing sth；（2）“hear sb. do sth.”则表⽰“听到整个动作”，或者意为“听到这个动作完成了”。如：I heard him go downstairs.我听见他下了楼。例题：

1）我们经常听到这个⼥孩在她房间⾥唱歌。2）我们听到隔壁有⼈在讲话。We someone in the next room.[拓展]

⼤多数的感官动作(如see、watch、notice等)都可以⽤于这两种结构，⼆者的区别如hear。⼆、核⼼语法

（⼀）不定冠词a/an的⽤法

1）⽤于叙述时第⼀次提到某⼈或某物前This is a book.这是⼀本书。

2）泛指⼈或事物的某⼀类别，以区别于其他种类。A plane is a machine that can fly.飞机是⼀种能飞的机器。

3）泛指某⼈或某物。

A young man is waiting for you.有个年轻⼈在等你。4）⽤于表⽰时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前，有“每⼀”的意思，相当于every。

Five lessons a week ⼀周五节课

5）⽤在某些物质名词或抽象名词前，表⽰“⼀阵，⼀份，⼀类，⼀场”等。There’ll be a strong wind in south China.华南地区将有⼀阵强风。6）⽤于某些固定词组中。

have a swim/walk/talk/look/dance/drink/rest= swim/walk/talk/look/dance/drink/rest游泳/散步/谈话/看⼀看/跳舞/喝点东西/休息；have a cold感冒；have a good time玩得⾼兴；in a hurry匆忙；for a while ⼀会⼉；keep a diary写⽇记；do sb. a favor帮助某⼈例：

My family usually go for walk after dinner.A.a;/B./;the

C.a;aD.the;a[难点]

不定冠词a与an的简易区分

1)⼀般以元⾳字母（a, e, i, o, u）开始的单词起始发⾳也为元⾳，这些单词的前⾯⽤an,如：

an apple, an orange, an egg,an elephant,an ear,an eye,an umbrella,an hour，an old man, an ugly woman，an English book2)以元⾳字母开头读⾳却以辅⾳开头的单词，前⾯⽤a，如：useful, university, usual, European, united, one-eyed, one-way等记忆⽅法：

In a university, a European and a one-eyed man walk along a one-way road with a usual tool. This is a usual thing.在⼀所⼤学⾥，有⼀个欧洲⼈和⼀个独眼龙拿着有⽤的⼯具沿着⼀条单⾏道⾏⾛，这是件平常的事。3)部分不以元⾳开头的单词，却是以元⾳为起始发⾳，则前⾯⽤an，如：hour, honest, honor等记忆⽅法：

An hour ago, an honest man accepted an honorable task. ⼀⼩时前，⼀位诚实的⼈接受了⼀项光荣的任务。4)在26个字母中，前⾯⽤an的字母有“a,e,f,h,i,l,m,n,o,r,s,x”,其余⽤a；巧记：mr.li has one fox例题：

1)Some small shops in Britain usually close for hour at lunchtime.A.an,theB.a;不填C.a;theD.an；不填

2)Zhang Hua is Chinese girl and Millie is English girl.A.a;aB.an;anC.a;anD.an;a

3)A little boy writes “u”and “n”on the wall.A.a;anB.a;aC.an;anD.an;a

（⼆）定冠词the的⽤法1 ⽤于双⽅都知道的⼈或事物前

Give me the book,please.请给我那本书。

2 ⽤于特指或上⽂已经提到过的⼈或事物前

Do you know the girl in red？你认识那个穿红⾐服的⼥孩吗？例⼦：

1）—Mary,who’s woman over there? —She’s my aunt, English teacher.A.the;theB.a;theC.the;anD.a;an

2）There’s bridge over there. bridge is five hundred years old.A.the;AB.the;theC.a;AD.a;The

3 表⽰世界上独⼀⽆⼆的事物

The earth moves around the sun.地球绕太阳转。

4 ⽤在江河、海洋、⼭脉、群岛、沙漠等专有名词前，或由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。the Pacific 太平洋the Himalayas 喜马拉雅⼭the Nile 尼罗河the Yellow River 黄河

5 ⽤在表⽰⽅位或西洋乐器名称的名词前。I like playing the piano.我喜欢弹钢琴。6 ⽤在某些固定词组中

in the morning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上；in the day time/在⽩天；in the end最后；all the time ⼀直；at the sametime同时；by the way顺便说；in the open air在户外；at the age of…在……岁时；at the beginning of在……开始时；on theother side of在……的另⼀边；in the middle of…在……中间；at the moment⽴刻，马上例⼦：

（2014?杭州）My cousin went abroad at age of eighteen.A.aB.anC.the

D.不填（三）⽅位介词

1）on,over和above的区别（以A和B的位置关系为例）①on表⽰A在B的上⾯，且A和B的表⾯相接触。There’s a book on thedesk.桌上有⼀本书。

②over表⽰A在B的上⽅，通常强调是在正上⽅，A和B 的表⾯不接触；

The sign over the door says ”Mind your head”.门正上⽅的标语说“⼩⼼你的头”。

③above表⽰A在B的上⽅，但不⼀定在正上⽅，A和B 的表⾯不接触，⽽且强调A和B在空间上有⼀定的距离，如：There is a picture above the fireplace.在壁炉的上⽅有⼀幅画。

Mary lives on the ninth floor.Amy lives three floors her,the twelfth floor.2）under和below的区别

①under表⽰A在B的下⽅，通常强调在正下⽅，A和B