大学英语六级分类模拟题311

(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)

一、Reading Comprehension(总题数：0，分数：0.00) 二、(总题数：4，分数：100.00)

As it is, sleep is so undervalued that getting by on fewer hours has become a badge of honer. Plus, we live in a culture that 1 to the late-nighter, from 24-hour grocery stores to online shopping sites that never close. It\"s no surprise, then, that more than half of American adults get the 7 to 9 hours of shut-eye every night as 2 by sleep experts.

Whether or not we can catch up on sleep—on the weekend, say—is a hotly 3 topic among sleep researchers. The latest evidence suggests that while it isn\"t 4 , it might help. When Liu, the UCLA sleep researcher and professor of medicine, brought 5 sleep-restricteol people into the lab for a weekend of sleep during which they logged about 10 hours per night. They showed 6 in the ability of insulin(胰岛素) to process blood sugar. That suggests that catch-up sleep may undo some but not all of the damage that sleep 7 causes, which is encouraging, given how many adults don\"t get the hours they need each night. Still, Liu isn\"t 8 to end the habit of sleeping less and making up for it later.

Sleeping pills, while helpful for some, are not 9 an effective remedy either. \"A sleeping pill will 10 one area of the brain, but there\"s never going to be a perfect sleeping pill, because you couldn\"t really replicate (复制) the different chemicals moving in and out of different parts of the brain to go through the different stages of sleep,\" says Dr. Nancy Collop, director of the Emory University Sleep Center.

A. alternatively B. caters C. chronically D. debated E. deprivation F. ideal G. improvements H. necessarily I. negotiated J. pierce K. presumption L. ready M. recommended N. surpasses O. target（分数：25.00）

解析：B[解析] 空格左是定语从句引导词that，并且that指代的是前面的a culture，所以空格内应该填一个第三人称单数形式的动词与介词to搭配。cater to表示“迎合”，原句译为：“另外，我们生活在一个迎合着晚睡者的文化里，从24小时营业的杂货店到线上售货店都从不关门。”

解析：M[解析] 空格左是as，右边是介词by，推测空格内应该填一个动词的过去分词形式，结合语义，7到9小时睡眠应该是专家的……，所以选择“推荐”。

解析：D[解析] 空格左边有hotly，右边为topic，空格内应填一个形容词，理解为“热烈地……的话题”，结合语义，故选“被讨论的”。

解析：F[解析] 空格与左边的it isn\"t共同构成主系表结构，空格内一般选择形容词或带冠词的名词，结合...while...might help，理解为“尽管它不是……的，它仍然是有用的”，所以选“理想的”，符合语境。

解析：C[解析] brought为谓语，空格右边是形容词，空格内应该填副词修饰右边的形容词。结合语义，选“长期地”来修饰“失眠的”。

解析：G[解析] 空格左边直接就是谓语show，空格内极有可能是一个复数名词，而且“进步”也符合原意。 解析：E[解析] that引导一个定语从句修饰the damage，翻译成：睡眠……导致的破坏，所以sleep后面应该接一个名词，选E组成“睡眠匮乏”符合语境。

解析：L[解析] 根据isn\"t...to do sth.表示“不……去做某事”，推测出空格内填一个形容词，选ready表示“Liu尚未准备好去接受这个习惯，少睡一些晚点再补觉的习惯”。

解析：H[解析] 空格所在句为主系表结构，不缺主要成分，所以空格内应该填一个副词修饰be动词结合，选“必须地”符合语境，“尽管安眠药对于一些人是有效的，但并不一定是一个有效的解决良方”。 解析：O[解析] 情态动词will后面一定是一个动词原形，只有target符合，表示“一片安眠药会瞄准大脑的一个区域……”。

According to a report from the Harvard School of Public Health, many everyday products, including some bug sprays and cleaning fluids, could lead to an increased risk of brain and behavioral disorders in children. The developing brain, the report says, is particularly 11 to the toxic effects of certain chemicals these products may contain, and the damage they cause can be 12 . The official policy, however, is still evolving. Health and environmental 13 have long urged U. S. government agencies to 14 the use of some of the 11 chemicals the report cites and called for more studies on their long-term effects. In 2001, for example, the Environmental Protection Agency 15 the type and amounts of lead that could be present in paint and soil in homes and child-care 16 after concerns were raised about lead poisoning. The agency is now 17 the toxic effects of some of the chemicals in the latest report. But the threshold for regulation is high. Because children\"s brain and behavioral disorders, like hyperactivity and lower grades, can also be linked to social and genetic factors, it\"s tough to pin them on exposure to specific chemicals with solid 18 evidence, which is what the EPA requires. Even the Harvard study did not prove a direct 19 but noted strong associations between exposure and risk of behavioral issues.

Nonetheless, it\"s smart to 20 caution. While it may be impossible to prevent kids from drinking tap water that may contain trace amount of chemicals, keeping kids away from lawns recently sprayed with chemicals and freshly dry-cleaned clothes can\"t hurt. A．advocates B．compact C．correlation D．exercise

E．facilities F．interaction G．investigating H．overwhelmed I．particles J．permanent K．restricted L．simulating M．statistical N．tighten O．vulnerable（分数：25.00）

解析：O[解析] 题意为对人体有害，即为削弱人体健康，故选vulnerable，易受伤害的。 解析：J[解析] 危害化学物质对人体的伤害应该是不可逆的、永久的，选permanent。 解析：A[解析] 根据上下文这里应该填“人”，符合题意的只有A选项是指人：倡导者。 解析：N[解析] tighten有紧缩减少控制的意思，放在此处符合题意。

解析：K[解析] 一个机构禁止有毒的铅制品设备接触儿童，可知应填入为、制止的意思。 解析：E[解析] 儿童接触到的应为游乐设施等，故选facilities。 解析：G[解析] investigating...reput调查报告，固定搭配。

解析：M[解析] 涉及多方面因素如遗传和社会等，很难统计，选statistical。 解析：C[解析] 证据不足，不能证明两者相关。

解析：D[解析] 小心注意孩子们的运动范围，选exercise。

It seems to be a law in the technology industry that leading companies eventually lose their positions—often quickly and brutally. Mobile-phone champion Nokia. one of Europe\"s biggest technology success stories, was no 21 , losing its market share in the space of just a few years. Can the industry\"s new champions, Apple and Google—not to mention titans in other tech sectors—avoid Nokia\"s fate?

In 2007, Nokia accounted for more than 40% of mobile phone sales 22 . But consumers\" preferences were already 23 toward touch-screen smartphones. With the introduction of Apple\"s iPhone in the middle of that year, Nokia\"s market share 24 rapidly and revenue plummeted. By the end of 2013, Nokia had sold its phone business to Microsoft.

What sealed Nokia\"s fate was a series of decisions made by Stephen Elop in his position as CEO, which he 25 in October 2010. Each day that Elop spent at Nokia\"s helm, the company\"s market value declined by 18 million($23 million)—making him, by the numbers, one of the worst CEOs in history. But Elop was not the only person at 26 . Nokia\"s board resisted change, making it impossible for the company to adapt to rapid shifts in the industry. Most 27 , Jorma Ollila, who had led Nokia\"s transition from an industrial conglomerate to a technology giant, was too enamored with the company\"s 28 Success to recognize the change that was needed to sustain its competitiveness. The company also embarked on a 29 cost-cutting program, which included the elimination of thousands of jobs. This contributed to the 30 of the company\"s once-spirited culture, which had motivated

employees to take risks and make miracles. Good leaders left the company, taking Nokia\"s sense of vision and direction with them. Not surprising, much of Nokia\"s most valuable design and programming talent left as well.

A．assumed B．bias C．desperate D．deterioration E．exception F．fault G．incidentally H．notably I．previous J．relayed K．shifting L．shrank

M．subtle N．transmitting O．worldwide（分数：25.00）

解析：E[解析] 空格词性为名词。本句意为：手机冠军Nokia，欧洲最大的技术成功传说之一，也不 ---|||________|||---，在几年之内就失去了它的市场。本空应该考虑从名词单数选项中选项，因为no之后通常要接名词单数，符合要求的选项有：B．bias“偏见”；D．deterioration“破坏”；E．exception“例外”；F．fault“错误”。故本题应该选择E项。

解析：O[解析] 空格词性为副词。本句意为：在2007年，Nokia ---|||________|||---占据了超过40%的手机销售。而副词选项仅有G．incidentally“偶然地”；H．notably“显著地”；O．world-wide“世界范围地”。本题应该选择O项。

解析：K[解析] 空格词性为形容词或分词，由于在be动词之后，暂时无法明确词性。本句意为：但是消费者的偏好已经开始 ---|||________|||---向触屏智能手机。四个形容词选项均不符合句意，故本题应该考虑两个现在分词选项：K．shifting“改变，转向”；N．transmitting“传播”。符合句意的为K项。 解析：L[解析] 空格词性为动词，并且是过去式。本句意为：随着苹果公司的iPhone手机在2007年中进入市场，Nokia的市场份额快速地 ---|||________|||---，收入也跳水了。此处还有一个并列的结构，说明空格处应该与plunged(俯冲)为近义词，选项中过去式形态的有三个：A．assumed“假设，接任”；J．relayed“交接”；L．shrank“收缩”。故选L项。

解析：A[解析] 空格词性为动词，并且是过去式。本句意为：终止Nokia命运的是一系列由CEO Stephen Elop做出的决策，他在2010年10月 ---|||________|||---。还有两个过去式选项：A．assumed“假设，接任”；J．relayed“交接”。此处应该填A项，在这里相当于任职了。

解析：F[解析] 空格词性为名词。本句意为：但是Elop并不是唯一一个 ---|||________|||---的人。名词单数选项有：A．bias“偏见”；D．deterioration“破坏”；F．fault“错误”。本题需要结合本段的后面的内容，下一句接着就说到了Nokia的board董事会拒绝变革，说明Elop不是唯一犯错的人。故本题选F项。

解析：H[解析] 空格词性为副词。本句意为：最 ---|||________|||---地是，Jorma Ollila，他曾经领导Nokia从一个工业公司转型成为一个技术巨头。副词选项有：G．incidentally“偶然地”；H．notably“显著地”。此处应该选择H项。

解析：I[解析] 空格词性为形容词。本句意为：……他太迷恋公司 ---|||________|||---的成功，以至于没有意识到需要变革来维持它的竞争力。形容词选项有：C．desperate“绝望的”；I．previous“先前的”；M．subtle“微妙的，精巧的”；O．worldwide“世界的”。本题应该选I项。

解析：C[解析] 空格词性为形容词，本句意为：公司采取了一个 ---|||________|||---缩减开支项目，它包括成千上万份工作要被裁掉。形容词选项有：C．desperate“绝望的”；M．subtle“微妙的，精巧的”；O．worldwide“世界的”。根据后面的thousands of jobs，说明这是一场绝望的变革，故选C项。 解析：D[解析] 空格词性为名词。本句意为：这导致了对公司昔日的精神文化的 ---|||________|||---，曾经的公司文化激励员工去冒险，去创造奇迹。还有两个名词选项：A．bias“偏见”；D．deterioration“破坏”。故本题选D项。

Travel websites have been around since the 1990s, when Expedia, Travelocity, and other holiday booking sites were launched, allowing travelers to compare flight and hotel prices with the click of a mouse. With information no longer 31 by travel agents or hidden in business net-works, the travel industry was revolutionized, as greater transparency helped 32 prices.

Today, the industry is going through a new revolution—this time transforming service quality. Online rating platforms— 33 in hotels, restaurants, apartments, and taxis—allow travelers to exchange reviews and experiences for all to see.

Hospitality businesses are now ranked, analyzed and compared not by industry 34 , but by the very people for whom the service is intended—the customer. This has 35 a new relation-ship between

buyer and seller. Customers have always voted with their feet; they can now explain their decision to anyone who is interested. As a result, businesses are much more 36 , often in very specific ways, which creates powerful 37 to improve service.

Although some readers might not care for gossipy reports of unfriendly bellboys(行李员)in Ber-lin or malfunctioning hotel hairdryers in Houston, the true power of online reviews lies not just in the individual stories, but in the websites\" 38 to aggregate a large volume of ratings. The impact cannot be 39 . Businesses that attract top ratings can enjoy rapid growth, as new customers are attracted by good reviews and 40 provide yet more positive feedback. So great is the influence of online ratings that many companies now hire digital reputation managers to ensure a favorable online identity.

A．accountable B．capacity C．controlled D．entail E．forged F．incentives G．occasionally H．overstated I．persisting J．pessimistic K．professionals L．slash M．specializing N．spectators O．subsequently（分数：25.00）

解析：C[解析] 空格所填词与or后面的hidden为并列结构，再结合其后的by travel agents，可判断此处应填入动词的过去分词形式，与information形成被动关系。no longer controlled by travel agents意为“不再受旅行社操控”，正好能与后文提及的greater transparency“更高的透明度”呼应，故选controlled。

解析：L[解析] 根据空格前的谓语动词helped和空格后的名词prices，推断此处可填入形容词修饰prices，或填入动词原形，构成短语help do sth.“有助于做……”。几个形容词备选项在意义上均不合适，故只能填入动词原形。按照常理，信息的透明度越高，游客可以更好地对比价格，择优而用，从而促使旅业降价，slash“削减”最符合语境，表示“有助于大大削减旅游费用”。

解析：M[解析] 空格位于两破折号之间，为句子的补充说明部分，且与后面的介词in搭配。根据句子主语Online rating platforms“网上评论平台”和空格后面的hotels，restaurants等，推断此处最可能填入动词的分词形式，说明这些评价平台主要面向“酒店、饭店、公寓以及出租车”，故specializing最为合适。specialize in有“专攻，专门从事”之意。

解析：K[解析] 句子谓语are now ranked...(被动语态)和空格后的by表明空格处应填入谓语动作的施动者，且被industry修饰限定。professionals意为“专业人士”，符合语境，与下文的普通“顾客”形成了对照。

解析：E[解析] 空格前是助动词has，后面是名词短语a new relationship，提示此处需要填入谓语动词的过去分词形式。该段落首句中的。not by...but by...表明，现如今接受服务的对象，即顾客，对招待公司进行排名、分析和对比，据此可推断空格所在句子应该是讲“买方和卖方形成了一种新的关系”，forged意为“形成”，符合句意。

解析：A[解析] 空格前的much more提示此处应填入不可数名词或多音节形容词。名词中capacity意为“容量”时，为不可数名词，填入句中语义不通。形容词中accountable“负有责任的”符合买方和卖方关系变化可能会导致的结果，且与下文的creates powerful...to improve service呼应，故选accountable。 解析：F[解析] 空格所在句子的谓语动词creates缺少宾语的中心词，所以此处应填入名词。本句句意为“极大地激励他们提高服务质量”，故incentives“动机；刺激”合适。

解析：B[解析] 空格前是名词所有格websites\"，据此可判断此处需要填入名词。名词中符合句意的只有capacity“能力；容量”，表示“网站集合大量评论的能力”。

解析：H[解析] 空格前是be，推断此处可能填入形容词、名词或分词形式。上一段谈到网上评论的影响，此处衔接上文，动词中overstated“夸大”最为合适。意为“这一影响毫不夸张”，跟后文的描述相符。注意cannot be overstated形式上否定，实际表达的是肯定的意思。

解析：O[解析] 空格所在句子并不缺少主要成分，可判断此处需要填入副词。空格前的“好的评论吸引新顾客”和空格后的“做出更积极的反馈”应是承接关系。故选subsequently“随后，接着”。