Unit 8 Book 2
Did You Have a Tough Childhood? Words and Expressions
1. (Para. 1) claim: v.state that sth. is true, even though it has not been
proved
The company claims that their product “makes you thin without dieting”.
(插入声音文件claim)
(=After the battle both sides claimed victory.)
2. (序言) hardship: n.sth. that makes your life difficult or unpleasant, especially a lack of money, or the condition of having a difficult life Many students are suffering severe financial hardship.
磨难接踵而来。
(= Hardships came one after another.) CF: hardship & difficulty 这两个名词都表示“困难”之意。
hardship强调指生活上令人难以承受的艰难困苦，如疾病、贫穷等。例如: difficulty指需大量思考和技巧或努力才能克服的任何困难。例如: Collocations:
bear hardships endure hardships
experience / go through hardships fear hardships suffer hardships
3. (Para. 1) disadvantage:
1. v. make sb. less likely to be successful or to put them in a
worse
situation than others
The selective system does not seem to disadvantage those at the bottom of the class.
2. n.sth. that causes problems, or that makes someone or sth. less likely to
be successful or effective
The main disadvantage of the material is that it fades in strong sunlight.
Collocations: at a disadvantage put … at a disadvantage
4. (Para. 1) drives sb. to sth. : strongly influence sb. to do sth. The noises in my head have nearly driven me to suicide. 5. (Para.1) achievement:n.sth. important that you succeed in doing by your
own efforts
The test measures the children’s achievements in reading, spelling and maths.
Collocations:
belittle sb’s achievement 贬低某人的成绩 academic achievement 学术成就 6. (Para. 2) identify: v.
1) recognize and correctly name sb. or sth. She identified the man as her attacker. (插入声音文件identify) （插入图baby）
(=Even the smallest baby can identify its mother by her voice.) 2) recognize sth. or discover exactly what it is, what its nature or origin is,
etc.
They identified a number of problem areas. 7. (Para. 3 ) abuse:
1. n.cruel or violent treatment of sb. Child abuse is a punishable offense.
2. v.deliberately use sth. for the wrong purpose or for your own
advantage
Many of the kids are abusing drugs. Collocation:
abuse one’s authority / power 滥用职权 8. (Para. 3) handicap: n.
1)if sb. has a handicap, a part of their body or their mind has been permanently injured or damaged.
Babies of alcoholic mothers can be born with a severe degree of handicap.
耳聋可以说是严重的残疾。
(=Deafness can be a serious handicap.)
2) a situation that makes it difficult for sb. to do what they want
I found not having a car quite a handicap in the country. 9. (Para. 4)mature:
1. v. become fully grown or developed
Humans take longer to mature than most other animals. She matured her novel by constant revision. 2. adj. fully grown and developed
The human brain isn’t fully mature until about age 25. CF: mature,adult & grown-up
这些形容词均有“成年的，成熟的”之意。
mature用于人时，指达到了生命的黄金时期，比较成熟了，但所暗示的青少年和成年之间的界限不明显。例如:
adult一般指生理上的童年期已结束，到达成人的阶段。 grown-up多用于口语，含义与adult基本相同，但更强调脱离儿童阶段，已长大成人。例如:
10. (Para. 4) haul / pull oneself up by one’s (own) bootstraps: improve oneself or one’s situation by one’s own efforts, without help from anyone else
I respect anyone who hauls / pulls himself up by his own bootstraps.
11. (Para. 4 ) consciousness: n.the condition of being awake and able to understand what is happening around you
Consciousness did not return to the injured man for two hours.
(插入声音文件consciousness)
(=David lost consciousness at eight o’clock and died a few hours later.) Collocations:
lose consciousness 丧失知觉
regain / recover consciousness 恢复知觉
12.(Para. 5) nurse sb. / sth. through (sth.): take special care of sb. or sth.,
esp. during a difficult situation He bought the hotel in 1927 and managed to nurse it through the depression.
（插入图brother）
(= Tom nursed his brother through the examination. ) 13. (Para. 5)the depth(s) of: when a bad feeling or situation is at its
worst level
in the depth of winter in the depths of despair 14. (Para. 5 ) depression n.
1) a long period during which there is very little business
activity and
a lot of people do not have jobs
The stock market crash marked the start of a severe depression.
2) a feeling of sadness that makes you think there is no hope for the
future
He has been suffering from depression since his wife died last year.
15. (Para. 6)remainder n. the part of sth. that is left after everything else has gone or been dealt with
The boy ate some of the candy and gave the remainder away. (插入声音文件remainder)
(=The remainder must be paid by the end of June.) NB:
该词经常与定冠词the连用。 CF: remainder, surplus & remains 这些名词均含“剩余部分”之意。
remainder含义较广，可指数学运算中的余数，也指从整体取走或用掉部分后的
所剩余部分，或一群人走掉一部分后剩下的人。 surplus指超过需要数量之外的多出来的剩余部分。
remains常指某物的其他部分被毁坏或者消失之后留下来的部分，也可以指人的遗体。
(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with three the words above. Change the form where necessary.
1. We have a trade ________ of 400 million.（= surplus） 2.She was a great writer, so after her death her _____are buried in
Westminster.（= remains）
3. We spent the ________ of the day sightseeing. (=remainder) 16. (Para. 7)limitation n.qualities that stop sb. or sth. from being as good or as effective as you wish they could be
Despite the limitations of the survey, it did suggest some general trends. (插入声音文件limitation)
(=It’s a good little car, but it has its limitations.) 17. (para. 7 ) temper:
1. v. strengthen through experience or hardship
These are the soldiers who had been tempered by combats. 2. n.a tendency to become angry suddenly or easily His wife left him because of his violent temper. Collocations: fly into a temper keep one’s temper lose one’s temper
18. (Para. 8) refer to sb. / sth. as: mention or speak about sb. or sth. as He likes to be referred to as “Doctor Khee”.
The speaker referred to him as an up-and-coming politician. 19. (Para. 9)tap into: use or take what is needed from sth. such as an energy supply or an amount of money
We should try our best to tap into our recent developments in technology.
People are tapping into the power supply illegally.
20. （Para.11）source:n. a thing, place, activity, etc. that you get sth.
from
(插入声音文件source)
(=For me, music is a great source of enjoyment.) Is that well the source of all the cases of infection? Collocations:
at source
energy / food / light sources CF: source, origin & root
这些名词均有“起源，起因，根源”之意。
source指某事或者某物的来源出处，但更多指抽象事物的根源或来源。
origin强调指事物的起源或由来，也指人的出身。 root通常指问题产生的原因或根源。
(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the three words above. Change the form where necessary.
1. Allergies (过敏症) are at the ________ of a lot of health problems. （= root）
2.At the conference, the scientist put forward a new theory to explain
the _____ of the universe.（= origins）
3. Two thirds of the pupils are of Asian ________. (=origin) 4. We’ve found the ________ of the trouble. (=source) 21. (Para. 12 )make excuses: give a reason to explain careless or
offensive behaviour
You’re always making excuses for not helping me. 他总为迟到找借口。
(=He’s always making excuses for being late.) 22. (Para. 12) grab v.
1) take hold of sb. or sth. with a sudden or violent movement A young man grabbed her handbag as she was walking across the park.
2) take an opportunity, accept an invitation, etc. immediately (插入声音文件grab)
(=I think you should grab your chance to travel while you’re young.)
a) quickly and suddenly put out your hand to try and catch or get sth. He grabbed at the boy, but could not save him from falling.
I grabbed at the glass just before it fell.
23. (Para. 12 ) stuff n. (informal) used when you are talking about things
such as substances, materials, or groups of objects when you do not know what they are called, or it is not important to say exactly what they are
I don’t know how we’re going to get all this stuff into the car.
(插入声音文件stuff)
(=There’s sticky stuff all over the chair.)
He’s a good lecturer as he really knows his stuff. 他是个出色的演讲者，因为他确实很懂行。
24.(Para. 12 ) fire sb. up: make sb. become very excited, interested, or
angry
We had an argument about it and she got all fired up. 我们得鼓起劲来，不然这次比赛就没有获胜的希望。
(=We have to get fired up for this game or we have no hope of winning.)
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