2019-2020学年人教版英语必修四新素养同步练习：Unit 1 Women of achievement 1 Section Ⅰ 知能演练轻松

Ⅰ 阅读理解

A

Yesterday I met an old customer in a store. He had been a very rude and loud young man, who scared some of the staff when he came to my employment agency(职业介绍所). So I came to the front desk to talk with him and brought him to my office. We talked about his needs and then I helped him to the best of my ability. He soon found employment. I was proud of it,__which was one of my most successful cases.

This was over 4 years ago.

Anyway, yesterday he saw me at the store and came up to ask me what I was doing and I joked “Being broke(破产)！” We laughed and talked for a minute and then he went away. A couple minutes later, I was still shopping and saw him coming towards me. He stopped and asked, “Do you need some help？” and then he pulled out a stack of cash out of his shirt pocket, and continued, “Maybe I can help.” I replied, “No, thank you, really, I’m fine！”

“Oh, OK，” he said, “because you mentioned being broke and I just thought maybe I could help you out, like you helped me out once.”

“That’s very kind of you，” I replied, “but really, I’m fine.” In fact, I was really shocked. I couldn’t believe that he took my joke seriously.

Then he looked straight at me and said, “Well, I wouldn’t have had this without your help. When I really needed help you were there and I thought if you were in trouble, I could help.”

I thanked him again, and told him I didn’t really need help. It was a very moving gesture coming from such a gruff(冷漠的) person and it almost made me cry. It just reminds me that it’s always worth taking time and showing kindness to a person.

【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者四年前帮助过的人在四年后愿意帮助作者的故事。这一举动让作者很感动，同时也让作者体会到帮助别人会有回报。

1．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．The man began to be friendly to others. B．The man had been employed successfully. C．The man got a position in the author’s agency. D．The man had become a successful businessman.

B 解析：代词指代题。根据第一段中的He soon found employment.可知，此处it指代的是他成功地找到了工作。

2．The man handed out money in front of the author to ________． A．pay the goods B．help the author C．ask for a new job

D．attract the author’s attention

B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的Maybe I can help.以及后文可知，他听闻作者的处境后，愿意帮助作者，在作者面前掏出了一沓钱。

3．Why did the author feel shocked? A．The man became so rich. B．The man knew his real situation. C．He was scared by the man’s return. D．He was surprised at the man’s behaviour.

D 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的I couldn’t believe that he took my joke seriously.可知，作者并没有想到他会把自己的玩笑当真并帮助自己。

B

Men and women have very different bodies. In general, women are shorter, have less wider shoulders, carry less muscle and have longer legs and shorter backs than men. Although they have so many clear differences, most bike builders are pleased to make bicycles for them that are pretty much the same.

However, Bonnie Tu, who is called as the “Godmother of Cycling”，

designed Liv—the world’s first cycling brand for women. The bikes are designed by women, built by women, sold by women and, of course, ridden by women. Most of Liv’s bikes are high­end performance rides. But there are also some far simpler machines on offer, too. For example, the Flourish offers an easy way to get around the town. There is lots of fun, and it is perfect for women.

Most women like to listen to music while riding bicycles. AfterShokz lets people hear music without having to cover their ears, so it is the best choice for Liv’s bikers. They’re safe in every aspect and offer people a more comfortable and healthy listening experience with three models of ear­free headphones: Sport, Mobile and Game. Unlike traditional headphones that use the eardrums(鼓膜) to carry sound, AfterShokz carries sound through the listener’s cheekbones(面颊骨) to the inner ears, bypassing the eardrum completely.

As a biker, it’s important to hear the sound of near cars, the traffic and other road users, but most headphones don’t let this sound in. AfterShokz allows people to hear what is going on around them without affecting sound quality. The next generation of bone conduction(骨传导)

technology has been the lightest open-ear headphones up to now. AfterShokz has cut the size and used good materials everywhere possible to make sure they not only fit more safely but sound better.

【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种专门为女性设计的自行车以及骑车时所需要的骨传导耳机。

4．What does the first paragraph mainly tell us? A．In general, women are shorter than men. B．All bikes on the market are almost the same. C．Women are pleased with the bikes at present. D．Few bike builders make bikes for women specially.

D 解析：段落大意题。根据第一段的内容以及第二段中的However...Liv—the world’s first cycling brand for women.可知，第一段主要讲述了很少有生产商专为女性生产自行车。

5．What can we learn about Flourish? A．It’s very fast. B．It’s a simpler bike. C．It’s a high­end bike. D．It’s for men and women.

B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的But there are also some far simpler machines on offer, too. For example, the Flourish offers an easy way...可知，Flourish是一款较为简单的自行车。

6．What makes AfterShokz headphones special? A．They pass sound by the eardrums. B．They suit people’s ears much better. C．They make games more interesting. D．They help users hear the surrounding sound.

D 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的AfterShokz allows people to hear what is going on around them...可知，AfterShokz耳机可以让骑行者听到周围环境的声音。

7．How does AfterShokz make the new headphones have more comfortable sound? A．By using safer materials. B．By keeping other sound out. C．By making them a little smaller.

D．By letting inner ears receive sound directly.

C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的AfterShokz has cut the size...可知，AfterShokz缩小了新款耳机的尺寸。

C

Rosalind Franklin was a British chemist, who was born to a Jewish family in London in 1920. From an early age, Franklin showed a great interest in mathematics and science. Although her father doubted about her path, he sent her to St Paul’s Girls’ School, one of the very few schools which taught science to girls. She passed her final exams and in 1938, went

to Newnham College, Cambridge, where she studied chemistry. After three years, she graduated though it wasn’t until 1947 that Cambridge formally awarded B．A. degrees to women.

After graduating, Franklin worked first in Cambridge and later in the British Coal Utilisation Research Association. During the war, she also served for a period as an Air Raid Warden. After the war, Franklin travelled to Paris to work where she learnt X­ray diffraction techniques(衍射技术). In 1951, Franklin returned to England. She used her knowledge of X-rays to improve equipment at King’s College. This actually enabled her team to produce very meaningful photos of DNA. When James Watson, a scientist working on his own DNA structure in Cambridge, saw these photos, he said, “My jaw(下巴) fell open, and my heartbeat began to race.”

In a 1953 edition of Nature, James Watson and Francis Crick published a paper on the structure of DNA, which had been informed by Franklin’s photos. In the same edition, Franklin published her data on DNA. Franklin was more careful about publishing a more accurate(精确的) theory of DNA structure. She wished to see more experimental evidence. However, Watson and Crick were more confident and they announced in Feb. 1953 that they had found the secret of life. Franklin’s data and photos were very important in their DNA theory.

In 1953, Franklin left for Birkbeck College, where she found a greater freedom. However, increasing ill health caused her to retire from work. Franklin died of cancer in 1958.

【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了英国化学家Rosalind Franklin的生平，重点描述了她对DNA结构的发现所做出的贡献。

8．What can we know about Franklin from the passage? A．She left for Birkbeck College because of her illness. B．Her knowledge of X­rays greatly helped her work. C．Her father argued against girls’ working on science. D．She received a degree when graduating from Cambridge.

B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的She used her knowledge of X-rays to improve

equipment at King’s College. This actually enabled her team to produce very meaningful photos of DNA.可知，Franklin关于X光的知识使她的团队拍摄到了非常有意义的DNA的照片，对DNA结构的发现至关重要。

9．Why didn’t Franklin publish the theory of DNA first? A．There was something wrong with her work. B．She disliked showing her research to others. C．Watson and Crick’s theory was considered better. D．She wanted to collect more experimental data for it.

D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的Franklin was more careful about publishing a more accurate(精确的) theory of DNA structure. She wished to see more experimental evidence.可推测，Franklin希望有更多的实验证据来证明DNA结构。

10．Which of the following words can best describe Franklin? A．Skilled and honest. B．Careful and talented. C．Polite and devoted. D．Modest and hardworking.

B 解析：推理判断题。从文章第一段可以看出，Franklin从小在科学上就很有天赋，第三段在是否发表DNA理论的问题上又显示出她非常小心谨慎，故可推出答案。

Ⅱ 七选五

A close bond between grandparents and their grandchildren benefits everyone in the family. 1.________ And they are also the source(来源) of happiness and love for the children in their lives. With that in mind, here are several fun ways to stay in touch with grandparents!

Stay in touch through technology. Technology has made keeping in touch across long distances easier than ever before. 2.________ Consider setting up a regular appointment for video chats every week with grandparents.

Share skills or experiences. Sharing skills or experiences is a fun way to build close bonds among family members. Grandparents with a special skill such as woodworking can pass on their gift to grandchildren and spend time together in sharing experiences to develop a closer relationship. 3.________ Crossword puzzles, Sudoku, or online chess can be played no matter where you are.

4．________ Technology is wonderful for frequent contact throughout the week. But there is nothing quite like a long letter or funny card in the mail to brighten anyone’s day. Children and grandparents will both look forward to surprises in the mailbox with this old fashioned way to stay

in touch with each other.

Use photographs. As children grow so quickly, sharing artworks and photographs frequently is a wonderful way for grandparents to follow the changes in their grandchildren. 5.________

A．Become pen pals. B．Share family histories.

C．Grandparents could provide support for their grandchildren.

D．Playing games is also a fun way to share experiences across the miles. E．Grandparents Day is the perfect time to let grandparents know you love them. F．It’s even more fun to use photos of the grandparents and grandchildren together! G．You can make phone calls, have video chats, share pictures or send text messages at any time.

【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了孩子们与祖父母或外祖父母保持联系的方法。

1．C 解析：此空设于段中，与下文存在并列关系。祖父母或外祖父母能够支持孩子们，他们也是孩子生命中幸福与爱的来源。

2．G 解析：此空设于段中，与上文存在解释关系。选项中的make phone calls, have video chats, share pictures or send text messages均解释了上文中的Technology。此处说明现代技术可以让我们随时打电话、视频聊天、分享图片或发文本信息。

3．D 解析：此空设于段中，是一个过渡句，与上下文相呼应。选项中的share experiences与上文中的sharing experiences相呼应；选项中的across the miles与下文中的no matter where you are相呼应。说明玩游戏是一种跨距离分享经历的好方式。

4．A 解析：此空设于段首，是本段的主题句。根据本段中的a long letter or funny card in the mail以及look forward to surprises in the mailbox with this old fashioned way可知，本段主要讲孩子们可以与祖父母或外祖父母成为笔友。

5．F 解析：此空设于段尾，与上文存在递进关系。此处表达的是祖父母或外祖父母和孩子们在一起的照片更有趣。