王江涛作文大纲解读

描述或论证：2-3句 （小结：1句） 评分标准： 关联词 同义替换 代词替换

3）内容：不跑题

第二节 段落写作

一、考研论说文框架结构：3段，12句，160－200词，5－7个关联词，5－7个从句 第一段：引言/起始/淘金段，图画描述，3句 总体描述：人物/动物/事物＋动作＋环境，1句 挖掘细节词、串连成句：1－2句 文字说明/象征寓意：1句

第二段：主体段，意义阐释，5句 主题句：象征寓意，1句 论证：3句

因果论证：2007年考题见教材P.21，2008年考题见P.22

We are facing/encountering different/various kind of difficulties/challenges. Competition is becoming increasingly fierce.

Everyone has his or her own advantages/benefits and disadvantages/shortcomings. We are lack of experience Stress/pressure 举例论证：

A. Numerous examples can be given, but this/these will suffice. B. I can think of no better illustration than the following one(s). C. This/These case(s) effectively clarify that…

联系现实：图画作文创作原则（以小见大，把握象征寓意，个体想为群体，具体想为抽象） 2002年考题参见教材P.18

The American girl represents a great many foreigners.

The traditional Chinese costume symbolizes Chinese culture.

The fact that the American girl wears traditional Chinese costume indicates that national culture can be accepted internationally. 正反论证

小结：1句，概括论证，总结本段 第三段：结论段，建议措施，4句 结论句：1句

针对双方提建议：2句 包装结尾、展望未来：1句

Only in this way can we solve this problem. It is high time that we solved this problem.

二、启承转合：

启：启动观点、开篇点题 承：观点承接、正面论证

First(ly), In the first place, First and foremost, Above all, On the one hand, For one thing, Second(ly), In the second place, Besides, In addition, What is more, Furthermore, Moreover, On the other hand, For another

Third(ly), (The) Last but not (the) least, More importantly, Even worse, 转：观点转折、反面论证

Conversely, Nevertheless, Unfortunately, Whereas, Yet, Instead, In/By comparison/contrast, On the contrary 合：文章结尾、合并归纳

As a result/consequence, Consequently, Accordingly, Thus, Hence, Generally/Briefly speaking,

三、段落写作经典范文：参见第一节大作文（7）（2009年范文） 四、范文学习五大步骤： 读透：十遍精读： 精彩词汇 精彩词组 精彩句型

句子结构：简单句、从句、时态、冠词、主谓一致、名词单复数 段落结构：总分总，主题句＋论证＋小结 关联词：小作文3－5个，大作文5－7个 同义替换：词汇＋句型 代词替换： 精彩观点： 分析评论： 造句 大声朗读 背熟 运用

第三节 图画作文

一、2007年范文：见教材P.42 二、2008年范文：见教材P.43

第四节 词汇与句子写作

一、遣词造句四大要素：

1、ACCURACY：extensive (a wide range of) knowledge, fierce competition 2、VARIETY： 1）

（1）I hold the opinion that, As far as I am concerned, （2）cling to the idea, in my opinion/view, point out,

（3）maintain, reckon, assert, hold, claim, emphasize, insist, suppose, assume 2）

Due attention has to be paid to, Importance should be attached to, be of great importance/significance vital, essential, crucial, significant

3）people in growing/expanding/increasing/mounting numbers 4）for the purpose of, aim to/at, in a bid to

3、DIFFICULTY：primary/fundamental factors/causes. 4、SPLENDOR：

My eyes were sparkling with delight. He flied into a stormy rage.

I fell into the abyss of unspeakable pain.

Such is human nature, that a great many people are willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers. 词汇写作经典范文：见第一节大作文（1）（98年高分作文） 七大亮点设置：

1、

1）Natural disasters claim hundreds of lives every year. 2）I do appreciate your efforts.

3）Once in front of me, lay a real chance. Yet, I did not value it. Not until the moment I lost it, did I realize how regretful I was. If God gave me another opportunity, I would never stop making progress.

4）I sat outside in the hall. Everything inside me has gone away. I didn’t think. I could not think. I knew she was leaving me, but I prayed she not. (Ernest Hemingway: The Sun Also Rises)

2、A culture can be accepted, respected, appreciated and shared. 3、environmental protection/awareness

4、with due consideration of, take into account/consideration 5、

只有这样下岗工人才能彻底摆脱贫困并且重新获得他们生命中的尊严。 总而言之，只有长期学习才有助于你掌握大的词汇量。

考虑到上述所有论证，早就该实行改革把传统教育模式转变为素质教育。

2）

（1）Only in this way can laid-off workers completely shrug off poverty and regain their dignity in life.

（2）In conclusion, it is persistent work that is conducive to your grasping a large/considerable vocabulary.

（3）Given all the above arguments, it is high time that the authorities enforced reforms to convert traditional education strategy into education for all-round development/quality-oriented education.

6、As John F. Kennedy put it, “Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.” 7、

Just as an old saying goes, “All work and no play make Jack a dull boy.”

Just as an old saying goes, “God only helps those who help themselves.”（天助自助者/自助者天助之！）

句子写作经典范文：见第一节大作文（2）（01年范文）

第五节 应用文

一、课后复习： 1、消化笔记：

2、中译英、背诵、默写、仿写：20大必背范文，滚瓜烂熟、脱口而出、多多益善 3、总结框架、考前模考： 二、书信格式： （一）称呼

1、题目无人名：Dear Sir or Madam, 2、题目有人名：Dear＋人名,

（二）正文：3段、7句、100－120词、3－5关联词、3－5从句 1、第一段：1－2句 1）自我介绍

（1）I am a staff member from your company/corporation. I am a staff member from Motorola (China) Electronics Ltd.

（2）I am a freshman/sophomore/junior/senior/undergraduate/graduate from the Department of Chinese Language and Literature of Beijing University. 2）写作目的：

（1）I am writing the letter in purpose of resigning from my current post/position.

（2）I am writing to inform you that I wish to request if you could help me find a potential beneficiary of the Project Hope. 2、第二段：3-6句 1）改写提纲一：1句 2）改写提纲二：1句 3）改写提纲三：1句 3、第三段

1）表示感谢（私人建议信除外）

My appreciation to you for your generous help is beyond words.

Words fail me when I want to express my sincere gratitude to you.

I take this opportunity to show my heartfelt appreciation for the kind assistance you rendered me. 2）期待回信

（1）I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.

（2）I look forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience. （3）Your prompt attention to my inquiry would be highly appreciated. （三）落款

1、结尾客套：Yours sincerely, 2、签名：Li Ming

三、经典书信：2009年范文（见第一节小作文6） 四、其他应用文：

（一）告示：见第一节小作文（10） （二）备忘录/报告： Directions:

You are the president of a company. Write a memo to Percy Shelley, the vice-president on the employee’s training on computer, telling him the need to train the employees, detailed information, and ask him to write a plan.

Date：January 20, 2008

To：Percy Shelley, Vice President From：Li Ming, President

Subject：Computer Training of the Staff

As we discussed earlier this week, I agree with you that our firm is faced up with problem of the high rate of computer illiteracy of the staff. We need to make up a plan for training our employees in the new field.

I would like you to design our own in-house computer-training program. We had better classify the employees and put them through the program in turn.

Write up a brief proposal, describing what you think the program should cover. Assume the class runs four hours a week for ten weeks. Also, assume people have no prior computer knowledge or any formal course work in computer science. （三）摘要：

Directions: Write a summary of the following essay.

A third kind of thinking is stimulated when anyone questions our beliefs and opinions. We sometimes find ourselves changing our minds without any resistance or heavy emotion, but if we are told that we are wrong we resent the imputation and harden our hearts. We are incredibly heedless in the information of our beliefs, but find ourselves filled with an illicit passion for them when anyone proposes to rob us of their companionship. It is obvious not the ideas themselves that are dear to us, but our self－esteem, which is threatened. We are by nature stubbornly pledged to defend our own from attack, whether it be our person, our family, our property, or our opinion. We may surrender, but rarely confess ourselves vanquished. In the intellectual world at least, peace is without victory.

Few of us take the pains to study the origin of our cherished convictions; indeed, we have a natural repugnance to so doing. We like to continue to believe what we have been accustomed to accept as true, and the resentment aroused when doubt is cast upon any of our assumptions leads us to seek every manner of excuse for clinging to them. The result is that most of our so-called reasoning consists in finding arguments for going on believing as we already do.

参

A third kind of thinking occurs when we are told that our beliefs and opinions are wrong. We may have been heedless in their information, but our self-esteem will not permit us to change. We may have to give up, but we are not convinced. We do not study the origin of our beliefs; we believe as we have been accustomed to believe, and we seek arguments for continuing to believe as we already do.