NBDE

ANATOMICAL SCIENCES

1. Deltopectoral region vein – cephalic v., basilic v., some other choices Superficial Veins: The main superficial veins in this area are the cephalic and basilic veins that originate from the dorsal venous arch in the hand.

The cephalic vein ascends in the superficial fascia along the lateral border of the wrist and along

the anterolateral surface of the forearm and arm. Superiorly the vein passes between the deltoid and pectoralis major muscles and enters the deltopectoral triangle where it joins the axillary vein.

The basilic vein runs in the superficial fascia on the medial side of the forearm and the inferior

part of the arm. It then passes deeply and runs superiorly into the axilla, where it joins deep brachial veins to form the axillary vein.

The median cubital vein is the communication between the basilica and cephalic veins in the anterior part of the elbow region (cubital fossa).

2. Where does syphilis aneurysm occur?

Descending aorta, ascending aorta, right ventricle, left ventricle, circle of willis

Syphilitic aneurysm — In people with untreated syphilis, the infection can spread to the portion of the aorta nearest the heart (Ascending aorta?), producing a thoracic aortic aneurysm 15 to 30 years after the first signs of syphilis.

3. Contents of infratemporal fossa – maxillary a.

Infratemporal fossa is deep and inferior to the zygomatic arch and posterior to the maxilla. The boundaries of the fossa are:

-Laterally: ramus of the mandible -Medically: lateral pterygoid plate -Anteriorly: maxilla

-Posteriorly: condylar process of mandible and styloid process of temporal bone -Superiorly: inferior surface of greater wing of sphenoid

-Inferiorly: where medial pterygoid attaches to mandible near it’s angle Contents: -Inferior part of temporalis muscle -Medial and lateral pterygoid muscles -Maxillary artery -pterygoid venous plexus -mandibular, inferior alveolar, lingual, buccal nerves -chorda tympani -otic ganglion

4. Pterygopalatine fossa – foramen rotundum Pterygopalatine fossa: small pyramid of space inferior to the apex of the orbit. Contents of the fossa: -terminal branches of maxillar artery -maxillary nerve (CN V2)- enters via the foramen rotundum and in fossa gives rise to

the zygomatic nerve

-nerve of pterygoid canal -pterygopalatine ganglion

5. Blood supply to nose – sphenopalatine a., PSA a., other choices

The blood supply of the medial and lateral walls of the nasal cavity is from:

-branches of the sphenopalatine artery -the anterior and posterior ethmoid arteries -the greater palatine artery -the superior labial artery

-lateral nasal branches of the facial artery

6. What innervates posterior palatine? – greater palatine

The sensory nerves of the palate are branches of the pterygopalatine ganglion. The greater

palatine nerve supplies the gingivae, mucous membrane and glands of most of the hard palate.

7. What’s common about salivary glands & myoepithelial cells?

Myoepithelial cells = contractile epithelial cells that are located on the surface of some of the salivary gland acini to facilitate the flow of saliva out of each lumen into the connecting ducts.

8. The presynaptic cell body of eye thing, where is it? – Edenger-Wesphal nucleus

--The preganglionic cell bodies of the oculomotor nerve (CN III) parasympathetics lie in the Edinger-Westphal Nucleus of the midbrain. The preganglionic fibers course ventrally in the midbrain with somatic fibers of the oculomotor nerve and emerge from the ventral aspect of the midgrain within the oculomotor nerve. They join the inferior division of the oculomotor nerve and enter the ciliary ganglion.

--Edinger-Westphal nucleus = A small group of preganglionic parasympathetic motor neurons in the midline near the rostral pole of the oculomotor nucleus of the midbrain; the axons of these motor neurons leave the brain with the oculomotor nerve and synapse on the cells of the ciliary ganglion which in turn innervate the sphincter muscle of the pupil and ciliary muscle. Destruction of this nucleus or its efferent fibres causes maximal paralytic dilation of the pupil; also demonstrated to project fibres to lower levels of the brainstem and all spinal levels.

9. What does the abducens n. do? – abduct right eye, etc, etc

The abducens nerve (CN VI) innervates the Lateral Rectus muscle of the eye and participates in the abduction of the eyeball.

10. Jaw-jerk reflex goes through what ganglion? – trigeminal, etc

11. Pterygoid plexus something about a specific vein

12. Nerve that innervates thumb – median n.

13. Nerve that innervates diaphragm – phrenic n.

14. Aspirated food into lungs; all of the following can happen except which one? – pneumonia, pneumothorax, lung abscess, etc

15. Fibers in pterygoid canal? – parasympathetic & sympathetic

16. Retroperitoneal structures – pancreas, spleen, ?

17. What causes formation of “??” plate (it’s some kind of embryonic structure that we couldn’t remember the name of)? – notochord, etc

18. What makes anterior fauces? – palatoglossus

19. What palatal muscle is not innervated by X? – tensor levi palatini

20. What does ectomesenchyme give rise to? – dentin

21. ?? – bud stage, cap stage, bell stage

22. Where do gomphosis occur? Jaw, spine, etc

23. What lies in the dectopectoral triangle: basilica vein, cephalic vein, musculotaneous nerve

24. Cigarette smoking does not contribute to the cancers in: larynx, stomach, esophagus, pancreas, bladder

25. Where are pitiuicytes: neurohypophysis

26. Nissl Substance - rER

27. Mucosa of the anterior 2/3 of tongue is from the: Rathke pouch, tuberculum impar, lateral lingual swelling

28. Salivary glands are located: circumvallate and fungiform

29. Taste buds: have a turnover rate of 30 days, are located on the ventral and dorsal surface of tongue

30. The pterygopalatine fossa is bordered by: palatine and sphenoid

31. Jaw reflex Æ nerves located in Semilunar ___, Trigeminal ganglion

32. Bundle bone Æ cementum (Sharpey’s fibers)

33. Pulp origin?

34. Alpha receptors Æ vasoconstriction

35. IgG is activated where? Myoepith, Striated, etc

36. Renal Pyramids

37. Found in deltopectoral region of shoulder? Æ ?

38. Superior part of carotid triangle Æ Posterior belly of digastric muscle

39. Lateral border of retropharyngeal space Æ Carotid sheath

40. Pterygoid Plexus and Maxillary vein drain into what? External Jugular vein, Retromandibular vein

41. Platysma innervated by ?

42. Abductor of vocal fold Æ posterior cricoarytenoid

43. Damage to abducens nerve? Æ right abductor of right eye; raise __ eye, lower eye

44. Nerve to thumb Æ median

45. Sickle Cell Anemia? Æ 33%, 61, 75, 78 oxygen carrying capacity

BIOCHEM/PHYSIO

1. Function of zinc; zinc is necessary for: a) a coenzyme for adenylate cyclase, b) to absorb Ca2+ Other functions of zinc (above are true also): -stabilizes cell membranes -functions in taste acuity -needed for collagen formation -essential for cell-mediated immunity

2. Glycogen phosphorylase, epi & glucagons Glucagon and epinephrine are signs of hunger and stress, respectively. In the presence of these hormones, the liver carries out glycogenolysis to provide glucose to the rest of the body (trigger of cAMP cascade which eventually leads to activation of glycogen phosphorylase which can then go to break down glycogen in glycogenolysis).

3. What is active precursor of glycogen? – UDP-glucose

Glycogenesis is the synthesis of glycogen glucose-6-P is isomerized to glucose-1-P by

phosphoglucomutase and subsequently activated by UTP as an high energy biosynthetic precursor UDP-glucose. The highly energy compound UDP-glucose is used to transfer a glucose unit to branches of glycogen.

4. Carbon tetrachloride affects what? – Lungs Carbon tetrachloride can enter your body through your lungs if you breathe air containing carbon tetrachloride, or through your stomach and intestines if you swallow food or water containing carbon tetrachloride. Carbon tetrachloride can also pass through the skin into the body. When you inhale carbon tetrachloride, over 30-40 percent of what you inhale enters your body, where most of it temporarily accumulates in body fat. Some can enter the kidney, liver, brain, lungs, and skeletal muscle. When you drink water contaminated with carbon tetrachloride about 85-91 percent of it can enter your body. Much of the compound that enters your body when you breathe it or drink water contaminated with it leaves your body quickly, and a lot of it can be found in your breath within a few hours.

5. Something about the J chain polypeptide? J chain – IgM

The immunoglobulin fragments found in the light chain fractions of secretory IgA and polymeric IgM in a ratio of one J chain per one IgA dimer or one IgM pentamer. It is a polypeptide with a molecular weight of about 17 kD and probably serves either to bind the components of the globulins together or to transfer the globulins across membranes.

6. High grade disinfectant (know definition) – kills spores after long time?

Disinfectant: substance that can prevent the multiplication of organisms causing infection; not used on living tissues. Classified into low, intermediate or high biocidal activity. Low: effective only against vegetative bacteria and lipid viruses

Intermediate: effective against all microbes except baterial spores High: all microbes including spores

7. Enzyme not found in muscle – glucose 6 phosphatase (other choices – glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase, etc)

In the muscle, the role of glycogen is to provide a ready store of glucose for combustion via glycolysis to generate ATP for energy. Muscle does not use glycogenolysis to contribute to blood glucose

concentrations - muscle does not possess glucose-6-phosphatase. There are several regulatory systems in muscle to control glycogen metabolism because glycogen in the main fuel for muscle in short-term exercise and the body needs to protect itself from over-accumulation of glycogen in the muscle.

8. Adenylate cyclase – know that it converts ATP to cAMP

Adenylate cyclase is a membrane-bound enzyme that, after stimulation by a G protein, catalyzes

formation of cAMP from ATP. cAMP, thus formed, stimulates activation of a kinase cascade that affects several metabolic pathways, such as glycogen metabolism and gluconeogenesis. Adenylate cyclase plays an important role in signal transduction.

9. Nissl substance – rough ER

10. rRNA made where? – nucleolus

11. What’s not involved in translation?

12. What’s not involved in collagen synthesis? – mitochondria, snrp, etc

13. Which one is used to pick out amount of mRNA sequence?? – western, southern, northern, RFLP

14. B6 pyridoxine – transamination reaction

15. Nitrous Oxide and its effect on respiration

16. cAMP causes: promotion of phosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase, is a direct substrate of glycogen phosphorylase

17. Pancreatic lipase are activated by:acid, trypsin, enterokinase, bile salts

18. What cells release gastrin: chief, parietal, enterokinase

19. Common symptom of malabsorption: steatorrhea

20. Enterogastric reflex: causes slowing of food into the duodenum

21. More common in enamel: hyaluronate /osteonectin

22. How do you increase filtration fraction? vasoconstrict the effect arteriole

23. The definition of BMR: increase of H20, related to surface area

24. Definition of hyperventilation: is the increase in resp rate with a decrease in CO2

25. Sweating a lot: decrease in extracellular fluid

26. Choices: IgG, IgM, and a few others

27. Ans: common to pentameric IgM and also dimeric IgA

28. The structure and nomenclature of the nucleotide bases e.g. the nomeclature of ATP when it is broken down. Is it Adenine, adenosine, etc..

29. How to make a cDNA library?

MICRO/PATH

1. Most common cause of UTI in community & hospital – E.coli

2. What does Rickettsia & virus have in common? – obligate intracellular

3. Vitamin D deficiency – Ricketts

4. Listeria causes: dysentery, cholera, fetal death, gastroenteritis

5. Which is a definition for 2 organaisms living together who benefit: commensalisms, opportunisim, symbiosis

6. What is OSHA

7. Ehlers-Danlos disorder

8. High intensity disinfectant? Kill hepB, TB, all spores?

9. Heart has a decrease end systolic amt: ionotropic, chronotropic

10. Chronic bleeding: iron deficiency

11. Which is avascular? Cartilage, bone, neuron, irregular dense CT

12. What predisposes to endometrial carcinoma? Endometriosis; Other options too

13. What does not predispose to cervical cancer? Multiple sex partners, uncircumscribed, early menarche, papillomavirus

14. MI with pulmonary congestions: caused by mural thrombi in right ventricle

15. Inflammation does not cause which systemic effect? Fever, anorexia….

16. Esophageal varices: hemoptysis, hemetemesis

17. Symptoms of infective endocarditis: nail beds

DENTAL ANATOMY AND OCCLUSION

1. Which 2 cusps of primary man 1st molar make up the transverse ridge?

2. What’s posterior to last max. molar? – hamular notch, maxillary tuberosity, etc

3. Class II relationship? Increased/decreased condylar distance, increase/decrease Bennet angle

4. Greater embrasure between the canine and premolar is the facial side

1] Culture with Y or H shaped filament organism would be?

2] Baby born to which type parental blood would have the greates chance of developing erythobtalis fetalis?

Rh +ve mother,Rh-ve father Rh +ve Mother and Father Rh -ve mother and father

Rh -ve mother and Rh+ve father 3] What premoar have three roots

4] The respiratory quotient for a person taking pure glucose as food source is how much?

5] Manifestation of neurofibroma I ?

6] Where the ulnar nerve is easily injured?

7] What's posterior to azygos vein?

8] Nerve supply to facial mucosa of lower ant. teeth

9] Nerve supply to facial mucosa of mandibular posterior teeth

10] Which artery of ECA you can't find in carotid triangle?

11] Histology related to articular cartilage

12] Secondary bone formation

13] Which is normal flora of ging. sulcus.. s.actino, s.myco,

s. bacteriode , s. mutan

14] Muscle will be damaged if tongue deviates to left on protrusion

15] lots of q's on premolars and lots of numbered teeth q's..

16] #23's eruption

17] Incubation period of 6 months - hep B

18] Branches of internal thoracic

19] Enzyme for rate limiting step of cholesterol synthesis

20] Syphilis effect on which tooth in addition to 1st molar

21] When a tooth has a screwdriver form

22] About reverse transcriptase

23] Fluorodeoxyuridine inhibits?

24] Pain in tmj is manifested through branches of which nerve?

25] On closing the mouth,which muscle is the most important?

26] Function of inferior head of lateral pterygoid

27] How does p/o ratio alter in mitochondria,when an uncoupler is added?

28] Difference between t helper 1 and 2 cells

29] In protrusive movt of mandible...direction of movt of head on condyle...thst is does it come to lie against the slope of eminence,medial/lateral walls of fossa etc

30] #5 would replace what decidous tooth?

31] In Protrusive movement right max central incior would come in contact with?

32] ARDS could be caused by herione over dose,shock....... except??

33] Patient comes with fractured femur dies with in couple of hours due to which emboli?

34] Patient allergic to pencillin ???? what would be ur choice?

35] Hairy leukoplakia is caused by??

36] Patient with leukmia has sudden bleeding from gums reason would be???

37] Most poweful muscle of mastication??

38] Patient get a full denture and come back after few days with burning over the anterior region What is the resaon for the burning?

39] If mandibular canine on right side is lost,how does it affect protrusive contacts on the left canine?

40] The mesial cervical line on #21 resembles the cervical line on which tooth(I chose the only other mandibular premolar mentioned compared to the other max teeth)?

41] A patient walks in to the clinic and collapses.....on lab examination gram neg bacteria are found.....what is the possible cause of collapse:

ans:gram neg endotoxin

42] Spread of infection from facial vein to cavernous sinus through...?

43] Infection from saggital sinus drains into...?

44] Falciform ligament arises from ligamentum teres...which in turn arises from?

45] In dental anatomy, what would would you have said to the parents of the kid with his central incisors drifting apart.

46] Organism tested routinely by sanitation inspecitions for purity levels. in water

47] What type of bone is epiphysis?

48] So what about the TH1 and TH2 markers in lymphocytes?

49] What structure causes the buccal vestibule to decrease in size when the jaw is opened wide: Condyle, coronoid/hamular/ styloid process??

50]Symptoms of disease multiple myeloma : old guy 70 yr old, showes multiple osteolytic lesions , inv. flat bones.

51] Gram -ve shock

52] Hyperparathyroidism

53] Osteocytic osteolysis

54] Whats the use of statistics of mortality of dis. cancer more than aids in usa?

55] Patient having normal glucose metabolism. whats the vCO2\\ v O2?

56] CA. OF BREAST

57] Most numerous papilla on tongue and which doesnt have taste buds.

58] which artery is not present in carotid tr. among branches of eca. spt and ma?

59] Orign and insertion of spenomandibular ligament.

60] Most common type of heart disease in US

61] Edema is caused by?

62] Example of primary active transport is?

63] Atrial depolarization is represented as what on EKG?

64] Ventrical repolarization is represented by what on EKG?

65] Bacteria that causes green pus?

66] Oncofetal antigens?

67] Calculation of H+ concentration from given pH

68] The mandiublar condyle is covered with ....

a. Elastic tissue b. Hyanline c. Periostium

d. Collagenous tissue

69] What syndrome is characterized by, increased succeptibility to infection, retinal something?

A. Gardner sydrome B. Hypothyrodism C. Hypopitutaryism D. Hyperthyrodism....

70] What characterizes Albers-Jeheurs syndrome?

71] Primate space in lower is between?

72] Derivatives of phrayngeal arch concerned to tongue

73] Mesiobuccal cusp of max molar occludes where?

74] If post crossbite which cusps would contact in mediotusive movement.? 75] Nerve Supply For Circumbvallate Papilla- Glossopharyngeal Nerve 76] Histological Structure Of Thyroid Gland 77] Podocytes

78] .muscle Present In 3rd Part Of Oesophagus 79] muscle With Least Regenerating Capacity 80] location Of Trigeminal Ganglion

81] coronal Suture Connects- Frontal Nd Parietal 82] RETROPERITONEAL ORGANS 83] CEREBRAL AQUEDUCT

84] ORIGIN OF TIRGEMINAL NERVE 85] PTERYGOPALATINE GANGLION 86] LYME DISEASE 87] ALYKYNAPTURIA 88] DNA SPLICING 89] EMISSARY VEINS

90] .ENZYMES INITIATING FATTY ACID SYNTHESIS

91] TYPE OF STREPTOCOCCI PRESENT IN ORAL CAVITY 92] TEST FOR STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

93] CELLS PRESENT IN TYPE4 HYPERSENSITIVITY 93] .PTERYGOMAXILLARY FISSURE

95] NERVE SUPPLY FOR FLOOR OF THE ORAL CAVITY

96] VIRUS STRUCTURE

97] CELLS PRODUCING EPINEPHRINE 98] DERMIS

99] ENAMEL TUFTS

100] ARRANGEMENT OF ENAMEL PRISMS TO RODS

101] DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CORONAL ND RADICULAR PULP 102] .PHARYNGEAL ARCHES ND POUCH

103] CHANGES DUE TO LACK OF SURFACTANT (LUNGS) 104] CARCINOMA OF THYROID IS COMMON IN ? 105] HORMONE DEPENDENT NEOPLASMS

106] .PAPILLOMA VIRUS 13.16- DISEASE THEY CAUSE 107] FASTEST WAY OF STERILIZATION 108] USE OF U.V.RAYS IN STERILIZATION

109] .DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DISINFECTANT ND ANTI-SEPTIC 110] ENZYMES FOR TRANS-AMINATION

111]SUPERIOR MOST BRANCH OF EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY 112] FEATURES OF BELLS PALSY

113] NERVE MOST EFFECTED IN FRACTURE OF HUMERUS 114] genomic library