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大学英语四级考试模拟题_12_

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大学英语四级考试模拟题(12)哈尔滨工业大学哈尔滨理工大学孙盛萍林意新PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledIsattendingcollegeuseless?Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:

1.随着高校毕业生就业率下降,社会上“读书无用论”开始抬头;2.部分学生放弃高考的原因;3.我个人的看法。PartII

ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)

(15minutes)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

LetItSnow

1

Snowisasubjectofgreatinteresttoweatherexperts.Expertssometimeshavedifficultyestimatingwhere,whenorhowmuchsnowwillfall.Onereasonisthatheavyamountsofsnowfallinsurprisinglysmallareas.Anotherreasonisthatasmallchangeintemperaturecanmeanthedifferencebetweensnowandrain.2

Snowisaformoffrozenwater.

Itcontainsmanygroupsoftinyiceparticlescalled

snowcrystals.Thesecrystalsgrowfromwaterparticlesincoldclouds.Theyusuallygrowaroundapieceofdust.Allsnowcrystalshavesixsides,buttheygrowindifferentshapes.Theshapedependsmainlyonthetemperatureandwaterlevelsintheair.3

Snowcrystalsgrowinoneoftwodesigns—platelikeandcolumnar.Platelikecrystalsareflat.TheyformwhentheairtemperatureisaboutfifteendegreesbelowzeroCelsius.Columnarsnowcrystalslooklikesticksofice.

Theyformwhenthetemperatureisabout

fivedegreesbelowzero.Theshapeofasnowcrystalmaychangefromoneformtoanotherasthecrystalpassesthroughlevelsofairwithdifferenttemperatures.Whenmeltingsnowcrystalsorraindropsfallthroughverycoldair,theyfreezetoformsmallparticlesofice,calledsleet.Groupsoffrozenwaterdropletsarecalledsnowpellets.Undersomeconditions,sticktogether,theyproducesnowflakes.Snowflakescomeindifferentsizes.Asmanyasone

2010.01theseparticlesmaygrowlargerandformsolidpiecesofice,orhail.Whensnowcrystals

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hundredcrystalsmayjointogethertoformasnowflakelargerthantwoandone-halfcen-timeters.Undersomeconditions,snowflakescanformthatarefivecentimeterslong.Usual-ly,thisrequiresnearfreezingtemperatures,lightwindsandchangingconditionsinEarth’satmosphere.4

Snowcontainsmuchlesswaterthanrain.Aboutfifteencentimetersofwetsnowhasasmuchwaterastwoandone-halfcentimetersofrain.Aboutseventy-sixcentimetersofdrysnowequalsthewaterintwoandone-halfcentimetersofrain.Muchofthewaterweusecomesfromsnow.Meltingsnowprovideswaterforrivers,electricpowercentersandagri-culturalcrops.InthewesternUnitedStates,mountainsnowprovidesuptoseventy-fiveper-centofallsurfacewatersupplies.Snowfallhelpstoprotectplantsandsomewildanimalsfromcold,winterweather.Freshsnowismadelargelyofairtrappedamongthesnowcrys-tals.Becausetheairhastroublemoving,themovementofheatisgreatlyreduced.5

Generally,thecolorofsnowandiceappearswhite.Thisisbecausethelightweseefromthesuniswhite.Mostnaturalmaterialstakeinsomesunlight.Thisgivesthemtheircolor.However,whenlighttravelsfromairtosnow,somelightissentback,orreflected.Snowcrystalshavemanysurfacestoreflectsunlight.Yetthesnowdoestakeinalittlesun-light.Itisthislightthatgivessnowitswhiteappearance.Sometimes,snoworicemayap-peartobeblue.Thebluelightistheproductofalongtravelpaththroughthesnoworice.Insimpleterms,thinkofsnoworiceasafilter.Afilterisdesignedtorejectsomesub-stances,whilepermittingotherstopassthrough.Inthecaseofsnow,allthelightmakesitthroughifthesnowisonlyacentimeterthick.Ifitisameterormorethick,however,bluelightoftencanbeseen.6

Snowfallsinextremenorthernandsouthernareasoftheworldthroughouttheyear.However,theheaviestsnowfallshavebeenreportedinthemountainsofotherareasduringwinter.TheseareasincludetheAlpsinItalyandSwitzerland,westernCanada,

thecoastalmountainsof

In

andtheSierraNevadaandRockyMountainsintheUnitedStates.

warmerclimates,snowisknowntofallinareasover4900metersabovesealevel.Eachyear,thecontinentalUnitedStateshasanaverageofonehundredsnowstorms.Anaveragestormproducessnowfortwotofivedays.snowfallatonetimeoranother.

Almosteverypartofthecountryhasreceived

EvenpartsofsouthernFloridahavereportedafew

snowflakes.Thenationalrecordforsnowfallinasingleseasonwassetin1998and1999.2895centimetersofsnowfellattheMountBakerSkiareainthenorthwesternstateofWashington.7

2010.01SnowisresponsibleforthedeathsofhundredsofpeopleintheUnitedStateseveryyear.Manypeopledieintrafficaccidentsonroadsthatarecoveredwithsnoworice.Oth-ersdiefrombeingoutinthecoldorfromheartattackscausedbyextremephysicalactivity.

30CollegeEnglish笤考试专栏笤

Severalyearsago,amajorstormcausedseriousproblemsintheeasternUnitedStates.ItstrucktheSoutheastinJanuary,1996,beforemovinguptheEastCoast.Thestormwasblamedformorethanonehundreddeaths.Itforcedninestatestodeclareemergencymea-sures.VirginiaandWestVirginiawerehithardest.Insomeareasthere,snowfallamountsweremorethanonemeterhigh.Severalstateslimiteddrivingtoemergencyvehicles.Mostmajorairportswereclosedforatleastadayortwo.Aweeklater,twootherstormsbroughtadditionalsnowtotheEastCoast.IntheNewYorkCityarea,theaddedweightofthesnowforcedthetopsofsomebuildingstobreakdown.Manytravelerswereforcedtowalklongdistancesthroughdeepsnowtogettotrainstations.8

Peoplemaynotbeabletoavoidlivinginareaswhereitsnowsoften.However,theycanavoidbecomingvictimsofwintersnowstorms.Peopleshouldstayintheirhomesuntilthestormhaspassed.Whileremovinglargeamountsofsnow,theyshouldstopandrestof-ten.Difficultphysicalactivityduringsnowremovalcancauseaheartattack.Itisalwaysagoodideatokeepalotofnecessarysuppliesinthehomeevenbeforewinterbegins.Thesesuppliesincludefood,medicine,cleanwater,andextrapowersupplies.9

Somedrivershavebecometrappedintheirvehiclesduringasnowstorm.Ifthishap-pens,peopleshouldremaininorneartheircarunlesstheyseesomekindofhelp.Theyshouldgetoutandclearspacearoundthevehicletopreventthepossibilityofcarbonmonoxide(一氧化碳)gaspoisoning.Peopleshouldtieabright-coloredobjecttothetopoftheircartoincreasethechanceofrescue.Insidethecar,theyshouldopenawindowalittleforfreshairandturnontheenginefortenorfifteenminuteseveryhourforheat.Peoplelivinginareaswherewinterstormsarelikelyshouldcarryemergencysuppliesintheirve-hicle.Theseincludefood,emergencymedicalsupplies,andextraclothingtostaywarmanddry.Peopleintheseareasshouldalwaysbepreparedforwinteremergencies.Snowcanbebeautifultolookat,butitcanalsobedangerous.

注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1.Itishardforscientiststopredictthefallingofsnowbecause__________.A.theyhavetoomuchinterestinweatherchangesB.thetimeandplaceofasnowfallcannotbeestimatedC.heavysnowusuallyfallsinsmallcountriesD.snowfallsaresubjecttosubtletemperaturechanges

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsofsnowcrystalsisTRUE?A.Snowcrystalsareformedbysmalliceparticles.B.Snowcrystalsaregenerallyformedincoldclouds.C.Snowcrystalsareessentiallymadeofdustparticles.D.Snowcrystalswithdifferentshapesmayhavedifferentsides.

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3.Whenitisminus15℃,__________snowcrystalswilltakeshape.

A.platelike

B.columnar

C.sticklike

D.sleet

4.Sometimessnowflakesmay__________.

A.freezetoproducesleetorhailC.sticktogetherandturnintohailA.76centimetersofrainC.15centimetersofrain

A.thecolorofsunlightisabsorbedC.snowisthickerthanonemeterA.TheNorthPoleC.TheRockyMountains

B.reachto2.5centimetersinlengthD.jointogetherandtakeondifferentshapesB.76centimeterofwetsnowD.15centimetersofwetsnowB.sunlightisthoroughlyreflectedD.snowisonecentimeterthickB.TheSouthPoleD.Florida

5.76centimetersofdrysnowcarriesalmostthesameamountofwateras__________.

6.If__________,thecolorofsnowmayappearblue.

7.Whichofthefollowingareasmayhavethegreatestamountofsnowfall?

8.Snowstormatthebeginningof1996claimed__________livesintheeasternU.S..9.Accordingtothepassage,duringasnowstorm,itisadvisedthatwe__________.

10.Whenvehiclescaughtinasnowstorm,we’dbetter__________inordertogetearlierhelp.PartIIISectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.thebestanswer.throughthecentre.

注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

ListeningComprehension(35minutes)

Aftereachquestiontherewillbea

pause.Duringthepause,youmustreadfourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichis

ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasingleline

11.A.Theweatherwillcontinuetobecold.

C.Hehasnoideaabouttheweather.12.A.Themanhastocometotheofficehimself.

B.ThemanisnotallowedtomeetDr.Johnson.C.Dr.Johnsonhasmovedtoanewoffice.D.Dr.Johnsonwillnotbefreetomorrow.

2010.0113.A.Callthehotelfordirections.

C.MakeaphonecalltoKFC.14.A.Goonreadingherbooks.

B.Hewantstoborrowacoatandahat.D.Thewinterclothesshouldbeputaway.

B.Gostraightdownthestreet.D.GotoKFCforbreakfast.B.Listentothefootballnews.

32CollegeEnglish笤考试专栏笤

C.Tellthemanaboutherhobby.

15.A.Hedoesn’twanttomajorinaccountingatall.

B.Hedoesn’tplantoworkinhisfather’scompany.C.Hehasdecidedtoworkinanaccountingfirm.D.Hewasnotacceptedbyhisfather’scompany.16.A.Gotobedinthedaytime.

C.Stayhomedayandnight.

17.A.HewantstotaketheHistoryofLanguage.

B.HemajorsinHistoryandLinguistics.C.Hehasalreadysignedupforthecourse.D.Hehasnoideaaboutwhichcoursetotake.

18.A.Makeanotherappointmentwiththedoctorashewastold.

B.Stoptakingthemedicineandhewillfeelmuchbetter.C.Takearestfourtimesadayashewastoldbythedoctor.D.Takethemedicineaccordingtothedoctor’sdirections.

Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A.Shefailedtheeconomicsclasslastsemester.

B.Shedoesn’thavemoneytopayalatefee.C.Shefailedtoregisterthecourse.

D.Shewaslatefortheappointmentwiththedirector.20.A.Sheprovidedincorrectinformation.

B.Shehelpedthewomanstudentagreatdeal.

C.Shemadeanappointmentwiththedirectorforthewomanstudent.D.Shesaidthestudentaccounthadalreadybeensenttothestate.21.A.Toconfirmheridentity.

C.Tojustifyherregistration.

B.Shewillgethelpfromthedirectordefinitely.C.Thedirectorisn’tabletomakeanexceptionforher.D.Thedirectorisnotresponsibleforpart-timestudents.

Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23.A.Sheissickandcannotattendtheman’sclass.

C.Sheintendstodropthecoursesonmathematics.

2010.01B.Sheinquiresaboutthedeadlineforthetermpaper.

B.Toproveherresidence.D.Toestablishhercredit.B.Takenapsduringtheday.D.Spendmoretimeoutdoors.D.Letthemanwaitforthebooks.

22.A.Shewon’tbeabletomeetthedirectorherself.

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D.Shewantstodeliverherroommate’stermpaper.24.A.Deliverherpaper.

C.Meetheradviser.25.A.Handinatermpaper.

C.Deliveraspeechononepainter.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

B.Findoutsomeinformationaboutacourse.D.Attendherclass.B.Takeafinalexamination.D.Attendmeetingsonarthistory.

PassageOne

Questions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.A.China’spopulationofInternetusersisgrowingathighspeed.

B.ChinapresentlyownsthelargestInternetuserbaseintheworld.C.TherearelesscompaniesservingInternetusersinChinathanintheU.S..D.China’slargenumberofInternetuserscreatesanattractivemarket.27.A.5%

B.10%

C.18.5%

D.2.2%

28.A.BecausetheonlinepaymentcostsmoreinChina.

B.Becauseconsumersareunwillingtopaythroughcreditcard.C.Becausepeopleareunaccustomedtobuyingcommoditiesonline.D.Becausee-commerceislessconvenientthantraditionaltrade.PassageTwo

Questions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.29.A.Musicmayirritateanimalsandturnthemintosavagebeasts.

B.Musicmayimproveinfants’skillsatcooperatingwithothers.C.Musicmayteachchildrenhowtocarryoutphysicalactivities.D.Musicmayhelpbabiesdeveloptheirlanguageability.30.A.Theyappeartoberelaxedwhilesometunesarebeingplayed.

B.Theycanidentifythemusicalpassageandhumitafterbirth.C.Theirintelligenceisprovedtobebetterthanotherkids.

2010.01D.Theirdancingtalentappearstodevelopatanearlyage.

31.A.Parentsshouldlettheirchildrenlistentomusictoreducetension.

B.Musicshouldbeusedinthetrainingofchildren’syoungmuscles.

34CollegeEnglish笤考试专栏笤

C.Playingmusicalinstrumentsisbetterthansinginganddancing.D.Parentsshouldmaketheirchildrenreallylovemusictraining.PassageThree

Questions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

32.A.Becausetheycouldn’tliveinthesamedistrictinthecitywiththewhite.

B.Becausetheywerenotallowedtosharethesameschoolwiththewhite.C.Becausetheywerelookeddownuponbythewhitepeople.D.Becausetheycouldn’thavethesamecivilrightasthewhite.33.A.Itledtoreformintransportationsystemconcerningridingrules.

B.Itresultedintheimprovementinlawsconcerningminorityrights.C.Blackpeopledidn’thavetogiveuptheirseatsonbusessincethen.D.RosaParksbecameoneofthecivilrightleadersinAmericanSouth.34.A.Shewasangryatunequaltreatment.

C.Shefelttiredafteraday’swork.

B.ShehatedgivingseattotheWhite.D.Herfeetweretiredandaching.

35.A.Shebecametheheroineofsomepopularstories.

B.Shefoundoutwhathumanrightsshehadatthattime.C.SheinitiatedapeacefulprotestmovementintheSouth.D.Shediedattheageof92.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.

注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

Youcan’tbuyhappinessbutitlookslikeyoucanatleastinheritit,BritishandAustralianresearcherssaid.

Astudyofnearly1000pairsof(36)_______andfraternaltwins(异卵双生)foundgenescontrolhalfthepersonalitytraitsthatmakepeoplehappywhilefactorssuchasrelationships,healthand(37)_______areresponsiblefortherestofourwell-being.“Wefoundthataroundhalfthedifferencesinhappinesswere(38)_______,”saidTimBates,aresearcherattheUni-versityofEdinburghwholedthestudy.“Itisreallyquite(39)_______.”

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Theresearchersaskedthevolunteers—(40)_______inagefrom25to75—aseriesofquestionsabouttheirpersonality,howmuchthey(41)_______andhowsatisfiedtheywerewiththeirlives.Becauseidenticaltwinssharethesamegenesandfraternaltwinsdonot,there-searcherscould(42)_______commongenesthatresultincertainpersonalitytraitsandpredis-posepeopletohappiness.

Peoplewhoaresociable,active,stable,hardworkingand(43)___________tendtobehap-pier,theresearchersreportedinthejournalPsychologicalScience.“Whatthisstudyshowedwasthat(44)________________________________________________________________,andbycontrast,thefraternaltwinswereonlyaroundhalfassimilar,”Batessaid.“Thatstronglyimpli-catesgenes.”

(45)___________________________________________________________tryingtobet-terunderstanddepressionandwhatmakesdifferentpeoplehappyorunhappy,Batessaid.(46)______________________________________________________________________,hesaid.PartIVSectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Teachersusingredpentomarkstudents’workcouldbeharmingtheirpsycheasthecoloristoo

47,accordingtoeducationstrategiesdraftedbyanAustralianstategovernment.

48toabout30schoolsin

The“GoodMentalHealthRocks”kit(整套方案),whichwasOthertipsincludestructuringtimeforpeertutoringeveryday,ratherthantheirweaknesses.

Thekit,things.

HealthMinisterStephenRobertson,whosedepartment

2010.01aseriousissue.“Ifmentalhealth

5352thekit,saidyouthsuicidewas

54,

determinethatasoneofanumberofstrategiesteachers

designedtohelpQueenslandteachersaddressmentalhealthintheclassroom,

51wellbeinghasbeenlinkedtoyoungpeople’sschooling,amongother

suggestssocialand

49ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)

(25minutes)

Queenslandstate,offersstrategiessuchas“don’tmarkinredpen—useadifferentcolor.”

tostudentswhennecessary

andaskingstudentstoconducta“personalskillsaudit”wheretheyfocusontheirindividual50shouldconsider,thenI’llsupportthemeverydayoftheweek.Thisisnotamatterfor

36CollegeEnglish笤考试专栏笤

thisisserious.”

AccordingtosomeAustralianmentalhealthgroups,mentalillnessare

55adolescentssufferingfromsomesortofillness.Boysare

thegreatestnumberofpeoplewith56morelikelytoexperiencemental

between18and24years,with14percentofAustralianchildrenand

healthproblemsthangirlsanddepressionisoneofthemostcommonconditionsinyoungpeopleandincreasesduringadolescence,thewebsiteofmentalhealthgroupMindframesaid.

注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

A.emotionalF.respectivelyK.strengthsSectionB

B.conversingG.distributedL.ridicule

C.aggressiveH.devisedM.disadvantage

D.professionalsI.apologizingN.slightly

E.agedJ.brightO.implemented

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOne

Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.1

Whenevertheworld’stropicalseaswarmseveraldegrees,Earthhasexperiencedmassextinctionsovermillionsofyears,accordingtoafirst-of-its-kindstatisticalstudyoffossilrecords.Andscientistsfearitmaybeabouttohappenagain—butinamatterofseveraldecades,nottensofmillionsofyears.2

Fourofthefivemajorextinctionsover520millionyearsofEarthhistoryhavebeenlinkedtowarmertropicalseas,somethingthatindicatesawarmerworldoverall,accordingtothenewstudypublishedinBritain.“Wefoundthatoverthefossilrecordasawhole,thehigherthetemperatureshavebeen,thehighertheextinctionshavebeen,”saidUniversityofYorkecologistPeterMayhew.Earthisontracktohitthatsamelevelofextinction-connect-edwarminginabout100years,unlessgreenhousegasemissionsarecurbed,accordingtotopscientists.3

IntheBritishstudy,Mayhewandhiscolleagueslookedattemperaturesin10million-yearchunksbecausefossilrecordsaren’tthatpreciseintimemeasurements.

Theythen

comparedthosetothenumberofspecies,thenumberofspeciesfamilies,andoverallbiodi-versity.Theyfoundmorebiodiversitywithlowertemperaturesandmorespeciesdyingwithhighertemperatures.Theresearchersexaminedtropicalseatemperatures—theonlyonesthatcanbedeterminedfromfossilrecordsandgobackhundredsofmillionsofyears.They

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indicateanatural60million-yearclimatecyclethatmovesfromawarmer“greenhouse”toacooler“icehouse”.4

Thestudylinkedmassextinctionswithhighertemperatures,butdidnottrytoestablishacause-and-effect.Theauthorofasecondstudy,whichfocusesoncarbondioxide,saidhedoesseeacause-and-effectbetweenwarmerseasandextinctions.PeterWard,aUniversityofWashingtonbiologyprofessor,saidnaturalincreasesincarbondioxidewarmedtheairandocean.Thewarmerwaterhadlessoxygenandproducedmoremicrobes,whichinturnsentouttoxichydrogensulfide(硫化氢)intotheairandwater,killingspecies.5

TheNobelPrize-winningIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangewarnedthat“20to30percentofanimalspeciesassessedsofararelikelytobeatincreasedriskofextinc-tion”iftemperaturesincreasebyabout3to4degreesFahrenheit.

“Sincewe’realready

seeingthresholdchangesinecosystemswiththerelativelysmallamountofclimatechangealreadytakingplace,onecouldexpectthere’sgoingtobeseveretransformations”.

注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

57.Accordingtothepassage,massextinctionsinEarthhistory__________.

A.occurredonceineveryonemillionyearsB.hadbroughttemperaturerisingintropicalseasC.weremainlycausedbygreenhousegasemissionsD.couldbetracedbycheckingthefossilrecords

58.Scientistsworrythatanothermajorextinctionmayhappenif__________.

A.thetemperatureclimbsuptoacertainlevelB.thetropicalsealevelrisestoacertainheightC.theworldisinfluencedbytropicalclimate

D.theconcentrationofoxygenintheatmosphereisreduced

59.Whydidthescientistscitethedataoftropicalseatemperaturesintheirstudy?

A.Becausefossilrecordsarenotveryaccurateintimemeasurements.B.Becausetropicalseatemperaturesarelinkedwithmorebiodiversity.C.Becausetheyaretheonlydatathatcanbedefinedfromfossilrecords.D.Becauseseatemperatureschangerapidlyfromwarmtocool.60.ProfessorWardbelieveswarmerseasmayleadto__________.

A.highertropicaltemperaturesC.increaseincarbondioxide

61.Thebesttitleforthepassageis__________.

2010.01A.TropicalSeasandExtinctionsonEarthB.HigherTemperaturesandMassExtinctionsC.FossilRecordsandTropicalSeaTemperatures

B.moreextinctionsonearthD.decreaseinpoisonousgas

38CollegeEnglish笤考试专栏笤

D.CarbonDioxideandChangesinEcosystemsPassageTwo

Questions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.1

InJapan,“What’syourtype?”ismuchmorethansmalltalk;itcanbeaparamountquestionineverythingfrommatchmakingtogettingajob.bloodtellsall.2

Intheyearjustended,fourofJapan’stop10best-sellerswereabouthowbloodtypede-terminespersonality,accordingtoJapan’slargestbookdistributor,TohanCo..TakuKabeya,chiefeditoratBungeisha,thinkstheappealcomesfromhavingone’sself-imageconfirmed;readersdiscoverthedefinitionoftheirbloodtypeand“It’slike‘Yes,that’sme!’”3

Asdefinedbythebooks,typeAsaresensitiveperfectionistsbutoveranxious;typeBsarecheerfulbuteccentricandselfish;Osarecurious,generousbutstubborn;andABsareartybutmysteriousandunpredictable.Allthatmaysoundlikeahoroscope(占星),butthepublicdoesn’tseemtocare.Nowadaysmatchmakingagenciesprovideblood-typecompati-bilitytests,andsomecompaniesmakedecisionsaboutassignmentsbasedonemployees’bloodtypes.Childrenatsomekindergartensaredividedupbybloodtype,andthewomen’ssoftballteamthatwongoldattheBeijingOlympicsusedthetheorytocustomizeeachplay-er’straining.4

Bloodtypes,determinedbytheproteinsintheblood,havenothingtodowithperson-ality,saidSatoruKikuchi,associateprofessorofpsychologyatShinshuUniversity.“It’ssimplyshamscience,”hesaid.“Theideaencouragespeopletojudgeothersbythebloodtypes,withouttryingtounderstandthemashumanbeings.It’slikeracism.”Thisuseofblood-typinghasdisreputableroots.ThetheorywasimportedfromNaziraceideologuesandadoptedbyJapan’smilitaristgovernmentinthe1930stobreedbettersoldiers.Theideawasdiscardedyearslaterandthecrazefaded.Itresurfacedinthe1970s,however,asMasahikoNomi,anadvocatewithnomedicalbackground,gavethetheorymassappeal.Hisson,Toshitaka,nowpromotesitthroughaprivategroup,theHumanScienceABOCenter,sayingit’snotintendedtorankorjudgepeoplebuttosmoothrelationshipsandhelpmakethebestofone’stalents.5

Thebookstendtostopshortofblood-typedeterminism,suggestinginsteadthatwhilebloodtypecreatespersonalitytendencies,it’shardlydefinitive.“Goodjob,you’redone.Sohowdoyoufeelabouttheresults?”onebloodtypemanualasksonitsclosingpage.“Your

2010.01type,afterall,iswhatyoudecideyouare.”

注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

Bytype,theJapanesemean

bloodtype,andnoamountofscientificdebunking(揭穿)cankillawidelyheldnotionthat

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62.ThatmanyJapan’sbest-sellerswereaboutbloodtypeimplies__________.

A.thistopicisusedbymanypeopleinsmalltalksB.JapaneseattachgreatimportancetobloodtypeC.peopledon’twanttohaveconfirmedself-imageD.thedefinitionofbloodtypeisquitecontroversial

63.Accordingtothepassage,__________mayfacemorepressurewhileperformingatask.

A.typeAs

B.typeBs

C.typeOs

D.typeABs

64.Kikuchicomparedbloodtypedeterminismtoracismbecause__________.

A.bothbloodtypeandracearedeterminedbytheproteinsinthebloodB.neitherbloodtypenorraceisrelatedtoourcharacterandpersonalityC.bothofthemjudgepeoplewithoutconsideringtheirindividualitiesD.bloodtypedeterminismbelieveshumanabilitiesaredecidedbyrace65.WhointroducedthebloodtypetheorytoJapan?

A.NazisfromGermany.

C.AnadvocatecalledMasahikoNomi.66.Whatdowelearnfromthepassage?

A.InJapan,youarewhatyourbloodtypeis.B.Japanesehavelostinterestinbloodtypes.C.RacismiswidelyacceptedbyJapanese.D.Bloodtypemaynotexplainourpersonalities.PartV

Cloze

(15minutes)

B.Japan’smilitaristgovernment.D.HumanScienceABOCenter.

Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandDontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.throughthecentre.

注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasingleline

Worriedaboutwhatpeoplearesayingaboutyou?

67aboutgossipcouldinflu-includinggenerosity,

re-68,theactof69,”

said

67.A.Concern

C.Concerned68.A.in

C.over

gossipcanindeedbequite

2010.01Belfast,NorthernIreland.

PiazzaandJesseM.Beringastudiedthe

69.A.demanding

C.authoritative

JaredPiazzaofQueen’sUniversityin

B.ConcerningD.ConcernedlyB.outD.upB.convincingD.powerful

encebehavior,

searcherssaid.“Asitturns

40CollegeEnglish笤考试专栏笤

70to

of72collegestudentswhowereasked71tokenswithamonetaryvaluebe-70.A.answer

C.acknowledgement71.A.distribute

C.attribute72.A.from

C.about73.A.announcing

C.communicating

thirdpartywerepantswhowerenot

7475moregenerousintobelievethat76inthe

74.A.slightly

C.significantly75.A.led

C.resulted76.A.publish

C.publishing77.A.benefit

C.benevolent78.A.designate

C.expend

79their

79.A.misled

C.reinforced

80didnotplayamajor

80.A.gender

C.personality81.A.hospitable

C.sympathetic

were,

82average,slightlygreaterthan

83therewereal-82.A.on

C.about

allocationsoffemales,researchersadded.

Apreviousstudyshowedthatgossipismorepowerfulthan

84,suggestingpeople

85thegrapevine86thecon-84.A.fiction

C.truth

believewhattheyhear

85.A.from

C.in

eveniftheyhaveevidencetrary.

86.A.by

B.on

B.accuracyD.reliabilityB.ofC.to

D.with

2010.01D.through

83.A.unless

C.provided

mosttwiceasmanyfemaleparticipants,”thetheirallocationsofthetokensthanpartici-theirdecisionswouldbediscussed,”PiazzaandBeringasaidinthestudyjournalHumanBehavior.themost78the

threatofgossipseemedtohavedecision.

Although81roleinthestudy,menwereslightlymore

thanwomen.“Allocationsofmales

77Theyaddedthat

tweenthemselvesandsomeoneelse.Halfofthegroupwerealsotoldtheirdecisionwouldbediscussedbe

7372athirdparty.“Partici-B.toD.withB.connectingD.disclosingB.extensivelyD.indistinctlyB.broughtD.temptedB.topublishD.publishedB.beneficialD.benignB.allocateD.scatterB.fluctuatedD.swayedB.identityD.statusB.generousD.nobleB.inD.ofB.althoughD.nevertheless

pantswhoweretoldthatthereceiverwould

theireconomicdecisionwiththe

B.reactionsD.correspondenceB.contributeD.tribute

strategyfromaneconomic

but

standpointwouldhavebeenforastudentto

all10tokenstohimorherself,

CollegeEnglish41

笤考试专栏笤

PartVI

Translation

(5minutes)

Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2.

注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答,只需写出译文部分。

87.Shewasacheerfulgirland___________________________(全身心地扑在工作上).88.Heisnomoreyourfriend___________________________(就像我不是你母亲一样).89.Thesuggestion__________________________(必须采用新规则)camefromthechairman.90.Environmentalistshavebeenfightingagainst___________________________(以科学试

验的名义杀害野生动物).

91.SuddenlyIfelt___________________________(房间内的气氛变得紧张).

答案与解析:

PartI

例文

Writing

Isattendingcollegeuseless?

Withtheunemploymentrateofcollegegraduatesunprecedentedlyhigh,manypeopleareledtobelievethatacollegedegreeisnotasusefulasitwasbefore.Therefore,somehighschoolstudentschoosetoforgo(放弃)collegebynotparticipatingintheNationalHigherEducationEntranceExamination(NHEEE).Ithinkitisnotsensibletoassumethatonecanbebetteroffwithoutacollegedegree.Onthecontrary,aperson,Ithink,ismorelikelytobesuccessfulinthelongrunwithacollegedegree.

Therearegenerallytwomainreasonswhyhighschoolstudentsdecidenottocontinuetheireducationincollege.Firstly,somestudentsareappalledbythefactthatittakestremendouscommitmenttopreparefortheNHEEE.Seeingthatmanycollegegraduatescannotfindemploy-menttoday,theyconvincethemselvesthatgoingtocollegeisn’tworthalltheefforts.Secondly,somestudentsareengagedinparttimejobsinplacessuchasfastfoodrestaurantsandsuper-markets.Atatimewhenmostpeoplebelievethatalow-payingjobisbetterthannojobatall,theyarecontentwiththeirjobsandarenotwillingtosacrificethemforcollege.

Itisundeniablethatthecurrentjobmarketischallengingourfaithonthevalueofacol-legedegree.However,Ibelievethattheeconomiccrisisasweareexperiencingisonlytempo-raryandthatacollegedegreeisvaluableinanyhealthyjobmarket.Collegeprovidesindividualswithknowledgeandskillsthatarehighlyvaluedbyemployersandareessentialinone’scareeradvancement.Manyentrepreneursattributetheiradmirableachievementstotheirhighereduca-2010.01tion.Asisoftenthecasethatwhatisofhighvalueneedstobeearnedthroughhardship,soistheadmissiontocollege.Thus,workinghardfortheNHEEEinordertogainaccesstoinvalu-ableeducationseemsmostreasonable.Meanwhile,highschoolstudentswhosettleforearning

42CollegeEnglish笤考试专栏笤

lowwagesneedtorealizethattheopportunitycostofnotgoingtocollegeisverylikelyasplen-didcareer.PartII

ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)

(唐苡栗写)

短文大意:这是一篇关于雪的科普文章,阅读时要注意snow(雪)、snowcrystal(雪晶)、snowflake

(雪片)及snowfall(降雪)的区别。雪由被称为雪晶的六边形微小冰粒构成,在不同的气温条件

下,雪晶会以盘状或柱状的形态出现。雪的含水量较小,颜色通常为白色。尽管南北极地区全年都有降雪,但最大的降雪量仍出现在山区地带。在美国,每年由雪灾导致的死亡人数高达数百人,因此人们有必要采取措施,以期在雪灾来临时减少事故的发生。

篇章分析:本文共九个自然段,可分为四个部分:第一段导入关于雪的话题;第二、三段描述了雪的构成、雪晶的样态及其在不同气候条件下呈现的形式;第四段至第六段介绍了雪的含水量、颜色的形成以及降雪量的分布情况;第七段至第九段谈到了雪灾给人类造成的损失以及避免事故发生和进行自救的必要措施。

1.D。题文问:科学家很难预测降雪,因为__________。

答案见1段。该段指出:雪对气象专家是很有兴趣的主题,但有时很难对降雪地点、时间和雪量做出估算。原因有二:一是有时大量的降雪会意外出现在小的区域内;二是微小的温度变化就有可能使降水以雨或雪的形式出现。因此选项D(降雪易受到细微温度变化的影响)正确。选项A(他们对气候变化的兴趣过于浓厚)和

B(降雪的时间、地点无法推测)都不是难以预测的原因;选项C(大雪通常发生在小

国家)与原文陈述不符。

2.B。题文问:下列关于雪晶的陈述哪一项正确?

由关键词snowcrystals(雪晶)可将答案定位于第2段。该段第3句指出:These

crystalsgrowfromwaterparticlesincoldclouds(这些雪晶在冷云中由水粒生成),因

此选项B(雪晶通常形成于冷云之中)正确。选项A(雪晶由小的冰粒形成)为干扰项,因为第2段第2句说:雪包含许多称为雪晶的微小冰粒团,也就是说,雪晶和微小冰粒是一回事。选项C(雪晶基本上是由尘埃颗粒组成)错误,因为第2段第4句告诉我们:雪晶通常围绕一粒尘埃生成。选项D(雪晶的形状不同,边的数量也不相同)也不正确,因为第2段第5句明确提到:所有雪晶都有六条边。

3.A。题文问:气温达到摄氏零下15度时会形成__________雪晶。

从题文中的minus15℃(摄氏零下15度)可知本题答案出自文章第3段。该段一开始就提到雪晶有两种形状:一种是盘状,一种是柱状。第3句说:它们(盘状雪晶)形成于摄氏零下15度左右。因此本题答案为选项A(盘状的)。选项B(柱状的)、C(棒状的)和D(雨夹雪)均不正确。

4.B。题文问:有时雪片可能__________。

说:Whensnowcrystalssticktogether,theyproducesnowflakes...onehundredcrystals

CollegeEnglish43

2010.01由题文中的snowflakes可定位答案在第3段后半部分。该段倒数第3、4、5句

笤考试专栏笤

mayjointogethertoformasnowflakelargerthantwoandone-halfcentimeters(雪晶黏

在一起就形成雪片。雪片大小各异,多达100个雪晶黏在一起所形成的雪片可超过

2.5厘米大)。由此可见,选项B(达到2.5厘米长)正确。选项A(冻结成雨夹雪或冰

雹)和C(黏在一起变成冰雹)错误,因为第3段第7句说:融化的雪晶或雨滴遇到寒冷空气时便冻结成小冰粒,即雨夹雪。第9句又说:在某些条件下,这些冰粒能变大,形成坚硬的冰,即冰雹。这里谈论的都是雪晶,而非雪片。选项D(聚在一起形成不同的形状)是根据第3段倒数第4、5句设计的干扰项。

5.D。题文问:76厘米干雪的含水量几乎与__________的含水量一样多。

答案见第4段前三句:雪的含水量远低于雨,大约15厘米湿雪与2.5厘米雨水的含水量相同,大约76厘米干雪与2.5厘米雨水的含水量相等。由此可推断,76厘米干雪与15厘米湿雪的含水量基本相同,故选项D(15厘米的湿雪)正确。

6.C。题文问:如果__________,雪可能呈现出蓝色。

通过题文中关键词thecolorofsnow可将答案定位在第5段。该段介绍了有关雪的颜色的知识:雪和冰通常为白色,这是因为我们看到的太阳光线为白色。尽管雪晶会反射阳光,但是雪还能吸收一些阳光,正是这些被吸收的光使雪呈白色。有时冰雪会呈蓝色,这是由于光线穿过冰雪的路径较长所致。如果雪厚达1米或1米以上就会呈蓝色。因此选项C(雪的厚度超过一米)正确。选项A(日光的颜色被吸收)、B(日光被全部反射)和D(雪的厚度为一厘米)都不正确。

7.C。题文问:下述哪个地区降雪量最大?

关于降雪量的内容可见第6段。该段段首谈到:南北极地区全年都有降雪,但报道的最大降雪量还是出现在冬天的某些山区,如意大利和瑞士的阿尔卑斯山、加拿大西岸的山区以及美国的内华达山脉和落基山脉。由此可排除选项A(北极)和B(南极),很快确定选项C(落基山脉)为本题正确答案。选项D(佛罗里达州)在第6段倒数第3句有提及,但它只是说明美国每个地区都有降雪,绝非降雪量最大的地区。

8.morethanonehundred。

题文问:1996年初美国东部的暴风雪夺去了__________人的生命。

根据题文中的年份“1996年”可定位答案在文章第7段第5、6句:Itstruckthe

SoutheastinJanuary,1996,beforemovinguptheEastCoast.Thestormwasblamedformorethanonehundreddeaths(1996年1月,一场暴雪袭击了美国东南部,随后移至东海

岸。此次暴雪致使一百多人丧生)。因此本题答案为morethanonehundred。

9.(should)stayinourhomes。

题文问:根据本文,暴风雪发生时,建议人们__________。

如何避免冬季雪灾的相关内容在8、9两段。第8段第3句提到:Peopleshouldstay

2010.01intheirhomesuntilthestormhaspassed(人们应呆在家里,等暴风雪过去)。后文还谈到

在清除大量积雪时应经常停下来休息,以避免心脏病的发生;在冬季来临前准备好必需

44CollegeEnglish笤考试专栏笤

的物资以防不测。从题文中itisadvised结构可知,此处需使用虚拟语气。因此本题答案应为(should)stayinourhomes。

10.tieabright-coloredobjecttothecar。

题文问:暴风雪中如果车辆被困,我们最好__________以尽早获取救助。

由题文中的vehicles可知答案应在第9段。本段提到汽车困于暴雪时应采取的多种措施,如不要离开车辆,在车周围清理出空间以防一氧化碳中毒等,另外提到People

shouldtieabright-coloredobjecttothetopoftheircartoincreasethechanceofrescue(人

们应在车顶上捆绑颜色鲜亮的物体以增加获援的可能性)。由此可知,本题答案为tiea

bright-coloredobjecttothecar。PartIIISectionA

11.A。本题问:男士的话暗示了什么?

女士说:明天不会再下雪了吧?这一周该挺暖和的。男士说:按照我听到的天气预报,你不应把大衣和帽子收起来。因此可推断选项A(天气还会继续冷)正确。选项B(他想借大衣和帽子)对话中未提及;选项C(他对天气情况一无所知)和D(应将冬天的衣服收起来)与对话内容相反。

ListeningComprehension

12.C。本题问:女士的话是什么意思?

男士想预约第二天下午与约翰逊博士见面。女士说:我可把约翰逊博士新办公室的电话号码给你,恐怕他不会再呆在这个办公室了。因此选项C(约翰逊博士已搬到新办公室)正确。选项A(男士需亲自去一趟办公室)、B(男士未被允许与约翰逊博士见面)和D(约翰逊博士明天没空)均不正确。

13.A。本题问:男士建议女士做什么?

女士询问到冰河宾馆的路怎么走。男士说:你应该给宾馆打电话,肯德基旁边有电话。由此可知,选项A(给宾馆打电话问路)正确。选项B(沿街一直往前走)、C(给肯德基打电话)和D(到肯德基吃早餐)均不正确。

14.B。本题问:女士可能做什么?

男士说:你学习这么用功,我差点忘了告诉你正在进行的足球世界杯的情况。女士说:我一直在等着听这些消息呢,书可以稍后再读。这就是说,和读书比起来,女士更想了解世界杯的情况,故选项B(听足球新闻)正确。选项A(继续读书)、C(告诉男士她的喜好)和D(让男士等书到)均与对话内容不符。

15.B。本题问:男士的话暗示什么?

女士说:听说你被经济系录取了,你毕业后会不会进你父亲的公司工作?男士说:不太可能,他的专业是会计而我要学的是金融。由此可知,男士认为他的专业与(他根本不想学会计专业)和D(他没被他父亲的公司接收)对话中没有提及;选项他父亲的公司业务不符。因此选项B(他不打算在他父亲的公司工作)正确。选项A

CollegeEnglish45

2010.01笤考试专栏笤

C(他已决定在一家会计公司工作)与男士的表述相反。

16.D。本题问:医生暗示男士该做什么?

男士说:医生,我最近睡不着觉,上课时注意力无法集中。女士说:在室内呆得太久就会这样,你的身体不能分辨白昼和黑夜。由此可推断选项D(多在室外活动)正确。选项A(白天睡觉)、B(白天小睡)和C(日夜呆在家里)均与医生所表述的意思不符。

17.A。本题问:关于男士可以做出怎样的推断?

女士说:我在修一门叫语言史的课程,非常有趣。作为一名英语专业的学生,你应该报名选修这门课程。男士说:我试过了,但是他们说我需要先修203语言学。也就是说,他想选修语言史,但不符合选课条件。故选项A(他想选修语言史这门课)正确。选项B(他主攻历史和语言学专业)、C(他已报名选修这门课)和D(他拿不定主意到底选修哪门课)均不正确。

18.D。本题问:女士建议男士做什么?

男士说:真是难以置信,我的胸部还是这么疼。医生给的这个药应该让我现在好一些呀。女士说:也许你应该开始按照医生说的那样一天服四次。由此可知,选项

D(根据医嘱服药)正确。选项A(遵嘱再看一次医生)、B(停止服药后会感觉好多

了)和C(遵医嘱一天休息四次)均与女士的表述不符。

19.C。本题问:女学生遇到了什么麻烦?

综合上下文内容可知,她两次报名都没有成功,第一次是因为一位临时职员不熟悉情况,让她带出生证来报名,而实际上只需提供能证明住所的水电费收据即可。第二次是错过了时间。因此选项C(她报名没成功)正确。选项A(她未通过上学期的经济学课)、B(她无钱支付延迟费用)和D(她同主任约好了时间,但去晚了)在对话中均未提及。

20.A。本题问:两周前女学生第一次报名时,办公室的女士做了什么?

女士说必须有出生证(birthcertificate)才能报名。但后来男士明白无误地告诉这位女生:shegaveyouthewronginformation.所以选项A(她提供的信息有误)正确。选项B(她对女生的帮助很大)、C(她为女生预约了主任)都不正确。选项D(她说学生的账目已送到州里去了)其实是男士说的话。

21.B。本题问:要求提供证明的真正目的是什么?

对话中男士说:That’snoreasontodemandabirthcertificate.Weonlyneedto

establishresidency:anelectricitybillwithyournameandaddressonitwouldhavebeenfine(没有理由要求提供出生证明呀,我们只需确定住址:一张有你名字和地

址的电费单就可以了)。因此选项B(确认她的住址)正确。选项A(确定她的身份)、

C(证明她的注册有效)和D(确认她的信用情况)都不正确。

2010.0122.C。本题问:最后男士暗示了什么?

告知女士已不能报名后,男士说:Isympathizewithyourproblem,butfrankly,I

46CollegeEnglish笤考试专栏笤

don’tthinkanyonecanhelp(我同情你的状况,不过坦率地讲,现在谁也没办法)。尽

管他告诉女士可以找主任谈谈这个情况,但又说:Don’tgetyourhopesup(别抱太多希望)。由此可推断选项C(主任不能为她破例)正确。选项A(她本人见不到主任)、B(她肯定会得到主任的帮助)和D(主任不管半脱产的学生)均不正确。

23.D。本题问:女士为什么打电话?

女士先告诉男士她的室友在选修他的艺术史课。然后说:Well,sheissickand

won’tbeinyourclasstoday.Sheaskedmetobringhertermpapertoyouroffice(她

病了,今天不能上课,让我把她的学期论文交到您办公室)。因此选项D(她想替室友交学期论文)正确。选项A(她病了,无法去上男士的课)、B(她询问学期论文的截止日期)和C(她打算不上数学课)都不正确。

24.B。本题问:女士差点忘了什么事?

谈完替室友交报告的事女士又说:我差点忘了,我是数学专业的学生,导师告诉我要毕业的话还需要选修一门人文学科的课。我注意到您下学期要开设一门有关抽象画的课程,您能提供些信息吗?由此可知选项B(询问一门课程)正确。选项

A(提交报告)、C(会见导师)和D(上课)均不正确。

25.C。本题问:希尔博士的抽象画课有什么要求?

男士说:Thereisnofinalexam.Andthereisonlyonerequiredbook.Buteach

studenthastogiveamajorpresentationabouttheindividualpainterattheendofthecourse(这门课没有期末考试,只有一本必读书,但每位学生在结课前要针对某位画

家做一次专门的口头报告)。因此选项C(就某位画家做一次演讲)正确。选项A(上交学期论文)、B(参加期末考试)和D(参加关于艺术史的会议)都不正确。

SectionBPassageOne

短文大意:中国的网民数量已超过美国成为世界最大的网络用户群体。由于许多消费者不习惯在线购物,而且不愿意通过网络付费,在在线广告和电子商务方面美国市场仍遥遥领先。随着中国经济继续增长以及中国年轻人越来越多地使用互联网,中国一定会迎头赶上。

26.C。本题问:下列关于中国互联网用户的描述哪一项不正确?

文中第1段谈到:中国网民数量激增,已成为世界最大的网络用户群体。这会加剧中外公司对市场份额的争夺,但在在线广告和电子商务方面,美国市场仍大幅领先。由此可见,选项A(中国互联网用户人数正在快速增长)、B(目前中国拥有世界上最大的互联网用户群)和D(中国巨大的互联网用户群催生了一个具有吸引力的市场)都是与中国互联网用户有关的正确描述。只有选项C(中国为互联网用户服务的公司比美国少)文中没有提及,故为本题答案。

短文第2段提到:...theInternetmakesuponlyabout5%ofadvertisingspending

CollegeEnglish47

2010.0127.B。本题问:美国的互联网广告支出比例是多少?

笤考试专栏笤

inChinacomparedwith10%intheU.S.(互联网广告仅占中国广告支出的5%,而在

美国占10%)。因此选项B(10%)正确。选项C(18.5%)和D(2.2%)分别为中国和美国互联网用户数量的复合年增长率。

28.C。本题问:根据短文,为什么中国的电子商务发展缓慢?

文中第4段指出:E-commerce,

...hasalsobeenslowtopickupbecausemany

consumersarenotusedtoshoppingonline,andarestillreluctanttopayforproductselectronically(电子商务也发展缓慢,因为许多消费者不习惯在线购物,仍然不愿用

电子方式为产品付费)。故选项C(因为人们不习惯在网上购物)正确。选项A(因为在中国在线付款成本更高)、B(因为消费者不愿用信用卡付款)和D(因为电子商务没有传统商务方便)均不正确。

PassageTwo

短文大意:专家发现,音乐有益于婴儿脑部发育,帮助他们提高语言认知能力,并能缓解紧张情绪,促进婴幼儿肢体的协调发展。

29.D。本题问:根据短文,音乐有什么功效?

短文第1段最后一句指出:...allofthesemusicalactivitiesservetohelpanin-

fantnotonlyinacquiringlinguisticskills,butalsoinlearninghowhumanbeingsin-teract。也就是说,妈妈的摇篮曲、祖父的口哨声等不但能帮助婴儿获取语言技能,

还能帮他们学习与人沟通。故选项D(音乐能有助婴儿的语言发展)正确。选项A(音乐能激怒动物,使它们变得凶残)与文中所述相反;选项B(音乐能提高婴儿与人合作的技能)和C(音乐能教给婴儿如何进行体育活动)文中均无相关阐述。

30.A。本题问:婴儿在出生前接触音乐会怎样?

短文第2段谈到:Experimentshaveshownthatunbornbabiesinthewombap-

peartorelaxinresponsetocertainmusicandalsothattheyseemtorecognizethismusicafterbirth...(实验显示,听某些音乐时未出生的婴儿在子宫里似乎会放松,而

且出生后仿佛还能识别这些乐曲……)。因此选项A(某些乐曲演奏时他们似乎很舒适)正确。选项B(在出生后能辨别并哼唱这首曲子)前半句内容正确但后半句“能哼唱”错误;选项C(他们的智力证明高于其他小孩)和D(他们的跳舞才能在早期似乎就得到发展)文中均未提及。

31.D。本题问:关于音乐训练问题,Schulte-Markwort博士是怎样建议的?

短文结尾处Schulte-Markwort博士强调说:“Itisimportanttorememberthefun

factor,...Singing,dancingandplayingmusicalinstrumentsmustfirstandforemostbefunforchildren.”就是说,家长在引导孩子学习音乐时要确认这对孩子是一件趣事,

最重要的是让孩子感到愉快。故选项D(家长要让孩子真正喜欢音乐训练)正确。选

2010.01项A(家长应让孩子听音乐缓解紧张情绪)、B(对幼儿肌肉训练时应有音乐)和C(演奏乐器比唱歌跳舞好)文中均未提及。

48CollegeEnglish笤考试专栏笤

PassageThree

短文大意:直至二十世纪六十年代,在美国许多地区,黑人仍未取得与白人平等的公民权利。

1955年12月1日,罗莎·帕克斯因拒绝将自己在公交车上的座位让给白人而遭捕。她的和

平抗议行为引发了美国少数群体争取平等权利的非暴力抗议运动,最终改变了法律条文,她本人也因此两次获国家最高荣誉奖。2005年罗莎帕克斯去世后,遗体曾搁放在美国国会大·厦供人瞻仰,成为美国首位获此殊荣的女性。

32.D。本题问:1960年前,为什么黑人不能与白人坐在公交车上同一区域?

短文开头便指出:1960年前,美国许多地区的黑人未能享有与白人同样的公民权。并提到:LawsintheAmericanSouthkeptthetworacesseparatewhichforced

blackpeopletoattendseparateschools,liveinseparateareasofacityandsitinsep-arateareasonabus(美国南部的法律继续种族隔离,强迫黑人在另设的学校读书、

在城市分隔的区域居住,甚至在公交车上的座位也要隔离)。故选项D(因为他们不能享有与白人同样的公民权)正确。选项A(因为他们不能和白人住在城中同一区域)和B(因为他们不允许与白人在同一学校读书)与本题题文都属于黑人未能取得平等公民权的具体例子;选项C(他们被白种人轻视)在文中未提及,虽然可推断,但这也是一种现象,不能视为原因。

33.B。本题问:罗莎·帕克斯的行为意义何在?

短文第2段谈到:ThisactofpeacefuldisobediencestartedprotestsinMont-

gomerythatledtolegalchangesinminorityrightsintheUnitedStates.也就是说,罗

莎帕克斯的和平违抗行为引发了蒙哥马利的抗议活动,最终导致了美国少数群体·

民权方面的法律改变。因此选项B(它导致同少数群体相关法律的改进)正确。选项

A(它导致交通系统乘车规定的改革)太肤浅;选项C(自此在公交车上黑人不必被

迫放弃座位)和D(罗莎·帕克斯成为美国南部民权运动领袖之一)的相关内容文中未提及。

34.A。本题问:罗莎·帕克斯行为的真正原因是什么?

第3段谈到,有人说罗莎帕克斯在公交车上拒绝让座是因为她双脚疲劳,但·事后她对此事澄清道:Whatshewasreallytiredof,shesaid,wasacceptingunequal

treatment(真正让她感到厌恶的是受到不平等待遇)。所以本题正确答案为选项A

(她对不平等待遇感到愤怒)。选项B(她痛恨将座位让给白人)只是一个具体的事例,没有概括性,况且不是罗莎·帕克斯所解释的原因;选项C(一天工作下来她感到很累)和D(她双脚又累又疼)是传言,不是她拒绝让座的真正原因。

35.C。本题问:为什么罗莎帕克斯获国家最高荣誉?

最后一段指出:RosaParkshadstartedamovementofnon-violentprotestinthe

South(罗莎帕克斯引发了美国南方非暴力抗议运动)。为此她荣获两项国家最高荣

抗议运动)正确。选项A(她成为一些流行故事的女主人公)与她荣获殊荣无关;选

CollegeEnglish49

2010.01誉奖,死后遗体曾搁放在国会大厦供人瞻仰。故选项C(她引发了美国南部的和平

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项B(她发现了自己当时所享的人权)和D(她活到92岁去世)均不正确。

SectionC

短文大意:快乐买不到,但研究人员称快乐至少可以遗传。一项对近千对同卵及异卵双胞胎的研究发现,快乐性格特征中有一半由基因控制,而另一部分则受到人际关系、健康、职业等因素的影响。

36.identical40.ranging

37.careers41.depressed

38.genetic42.identify

39.astonishing43.conscientious

44.theidenticaltwinsinafamilywereverysimilarinpersonalityandinwell-being45.Thefindingsareanimportantpieceofthepuzzleforresearchers

46.Peoplewithpositiveinheritedpersonalitytraitsmay,ineffect,alsohaveareserveofhappi-nesstodrawoninstressfultimesPartIVSectionA

短文大意:澳大利亚昆士兰州在近三十所学校中推广名为《良好心理健康基石》的指导手册,其中列举了很多可以帮助教师塑造学生心理健康的“小贴士”,如建议教师不用红笔批改作业而换用其他颜色的笔以免学生心理受到伤害、开展同龄人辅导活动、指导学生关注自己的优势等。18至24岁是心理疾病的高发期,因此青少年的心理健康问题不容忽视。

ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)

47.C(aggressive)。根据结构,空白处应填入一个形容词。选项中共有四个形容词,其中e-motional(感情的,情绪的)和aged(年龄在……岁的)与文意不符,剩下C项aggressive

(挑衅的,侵略性的)和J项bright(鲜艳的,鲜亮的)都可用来形容红色。文中提到教师使用红笔批改作业会使学生的心理受到伤害,因此空白处应选择aggressive。本句意为:根据澳大利亚州政府草拟的教育策略,由于红色太张扬,教师使用红笔批改作业可能会对学生心理造成伤害。

48.G(distributed)。由于空格前单词为was,故需填入一个表被动的过去分词。选项中过去分

词有三个,其中devised(设计,发明)和implemented(贯彻,执行)不能与后面的介词to加名词构成搭配。根据上下文意,G项distributed(散发,分发)为正确选项。本句意为:在昆士兰州近三十所学校中分发的名为《良好心理健康基石》的整套方案为教师提供了诸如“不用红笔打分,改用其他颜色”等教育策略。

49.I(apologizing)。根据结构,空白处应填入一个现在分词,与前文中的structuring和后面的

asking构成平行结构。选项中有两个现在分词:B项conversing(交谈,谈话)和I项apologizing(道歉)。动词converse通常与with搭配,表示“与……交谈”,因此可排除;而apologize通常与to搭配,意为“向某人道歉”,因此与文意相符。本句意为:其他提示包括

2010.01每天安排时间让同学之间互相辅导、必要时向学生致歉……。

50.K(strengths)。空白处缺少一个名词。选项中共有四个名词,其中professionals(内行,专

50CollegeEnglish笤考试专栏笤

家)和ridicule(嘲笑,奚落)明显不适用于此处,可先排除。空格后面是短语ratherthan,因此可推断本空所填词应与后面的weaknesses(弱点,缺点)意义相反,故排除M项dis-

advantage(劣势,短处),选择K项strengths(优点,长处)。本句意为:……要求学生开展

“个人技能审视”,关注自己的优点而不是短处。

51.A(emotional)。根据结构,空白处需要一个形容词,修饰后面的wellbeing。供选的形容词

还有三个,通过上下文可排除aged(年龄在……岁的)和bright(鲜艳的,鲜亮的),正确选项为A项emotional(感情的,情绪的)。本句意为:此套方案旨在帮助昆士兰州的教师在教学中处理好学生的心理健康问题,建议将青年人的学校教育与他们的交际及情感健康挂钩。

52.H(devised)。空白处所在的从句缺少动词,根据后文可知此处的动词应用过去式。现还有

两个过去式动词供选,即devised(设计,发明)和implemented(贯彻,执行)。根据上下文意可知devised正确。本句意为:此套方案由卫生部设计制作,部长史蒂芬·罗宾逊指出青年人自杀是一个严重问题。

53.D(professionals)。根据结构可知,空白处应填入一个名词。还有三个名词供选:profes-sionals(内行,专家)、ridicule(嘲笑,奚落)和disadvantage(劣势,短处)。根据上下文意,排

除ridicule和disadvantage,从而确定选项D(professionals)为正确答案。本句意为:如果心理健康专家确定这是教师们应该考虑的教学策略之一,那么我就会一直支持他们。

54.L(ridicule)。空白处前面为介词for,故此处需要一个名词。从本句后半句thisisserious

可以推断,ridicule(嘲笑,奚落)正确。本句意为:这可不是玩笑,这很严重。

55.E(aged)。根据结构可知,空白处需填入一个形容词。空白处后面的between18and24

years提示aged(年龄在……岁的)为正确答案。本句意为:澳大利亚一些心理健康组织

披露,年龄段在18到24岁的青年人是罹患心理疾病的最大人群,澳大利亚有14%的儿童和青年会受到某种心理疾病的困扰。

56.N(slightly)。本句主谓宾语俱全,空白处只能填入作状语的副词。选项中有两个副词:F

项respectively(各自地,分别地)和N项slightly(轻微地,稍稍),根据文意可选表程度的副词slightly。本句意为:和女孩相比,男孩受心理健康问题困扰的可能性稍大些……。

SectionBPassageOne

短文大意:英国科学家研究发现,地球史上80%的大规模生物灭绝都与热带海洋温度升高有关。这就是说,地球上温度越高,物种灭绝的可能性越大。除非温室气体排放得到抑制,否则随着地球温度的不断攀升,百年内可能再次出现生物灭绝。

57.D。本题问:根据本文,地球史上大规模生物灭绝__________。

答案在第1、2段,其大意为:根据化石记录的统计研究,热带海洋温度每升高型生物灭绝,其中四次与热带海洋气温上升有关。除非温室气体排放得到遏制,否几度,地球就会发生大规模的生物灭绝。五亿两千万年的地球史上共发生过五次大

CollegeEnglish51

2010.01笤考试专栏笤

则百年之内地球升温就会达到生物灭绝的水平。由此可见选项D(可通过分析化石记录追踪)正确。文中未提及生物灭绝发生的周期,故选项A(每一百万年发生一次)错误;选项B(导致热带海洋温度上升)颠倒了温度与生物灭绝的因果关系;选项C(主要由温室气体排放引起)文中未提及。

58.A。本题问:科学家担心如果__________,另一场大规模生物灭绝可能发生。

第1段末提到:科学家担心几十年内新一轮大规模生物灭绝会发生;第2段最后一句再次提到:除非温室气体排放得到控制,否则百年之内地球温度就会攀升到引发生物灭绝的地步。由此可见选项A(温度上升到一定程度)正确。选项B(热带海洋洋面上升到一定高度)、C(世界受热带气候影响)和D(大气中氧气浓度减少)均是干扰项。

59.C。本题问:研究中科学家为什么采用热带海洋温度的数据?

答案见第3段第4句:研究者审视了热带海洋温度,这是从化石记录中唯一能确定的数据,而且可追溯到数亿年前。由此可见选项C(因为这是科学家唯一可从化石记录中确定的数据)正确。选项A(因为在时间测量方面化石记录不是很精确)虽然在第3段第1句有提及,但不能回答本题;选项B(因为热带海洋温度与更丰富的生物多样性相关联)的说法不准确;选项D(海洋温度从热到冷变化迅速)文中没有提及。

60.B。本题问:沃德教授认为海水变暖会导致__________。

根据题文中的关键词ProfessorWard可定位答案在第4段。该段第2句谈到:另一项研究集中于二氧化碳,该研究报告的作者说他的确看到变暖的海水与生物灭绝之间的因果关系。后一句接着说这项研究的主持人就是华盛顿大学的沃德教授。因此选项B(地球上更多生物灭绝)正确。选项A(热带温度更高)、C(二氧化碳增多)和D(有毒气体的减少)均是干扰项。

61.B。本题问:哪一项是本文的最佳标题?

本题为主旨概括题。本文重点谈论了热带海洋的温度与地球生物大规模灭绝之间的关系,而热带海洋温度的升高则意味着地球温度的上升。由此可见,选项B(温度升高与大规模生物灭绝)最能概括全文内容。

PassageTwo

短文大意:日本人对血型非常重视,去年日本国内十大畅销书中有四本都是关于血型如何决定性格的。血型理论实为伪科学,最初源于纳粹的种族理论,后被日本军国主义引入用以培养士兵,不过之后便少有人提起。直到二十世纪七十年代,血型与性格的关系又被拉回人们的视野并掀起新的热潮。

62.B。本题问:日本许多畅销书都与血型有关,这意味着__________。

2010.01本题为推理判断题,不能在文中直接找到答案。文章第1段谈到:在日本无论是做媒还是求职,血型都是极为重要的问题,即使再多的科学家揭露,也不能消除

52CollegeEnglish笤考试专栏笤

人们普遍持有的观念:血型决定一切。第2段接着介绍:去年日本十大畅销书中有四本是关于血型决定性格的。这说明日本人非常重视血型的决定作用,因此选项B(日本人非常重视血型)正确。选项A(许多人将血型当作聊天的话题)和C(人们不想拥有固定的个人形象)与文中表述相反;选项D(血型的定义颇有争议)文中未提及。

63.A。本题问:根据本文,__________在执行任务时可能会面临更多压力。

第3段段首介绍了各种血型性格特征:A型血的人是敏感的完美主义者,但过于焦虑;B型血的人愉快,但性情古怪、自私;O型血的人充满好奇心、慷慨,但固执;AB型血的人有艺术气质,但神秘且不可预测。由此可见,在完成任务时,敏感、追求完美但易于焦虑的A型血的人会感到压力更大,故选项A(A型血的人)正确。

64.C。本题问:木口先生将血型决定论比作种族主义,因为__________。

根据关键词Kikuchi,可定位答案在第4段。该段前四句大意为:木口先生说血型论纯属伪科学,它鼓励根据血型来判断人,而无视人的个性特征,这就像种族主义一样。故选项C(两者在对人做出判断时都不考虑个体特性)正确。选项A(血型和种族均由血液中的蛋白质决定)部分错误,血型如是,但文中没有提及种族;选项

B(两者都与人的品质和个性无关)和D(血型决定论者认为人的能力由种族决定)

文中均未提及。

65.B。本题问:谁将血型理论引入日本?

第4段第6句谈到:血型理论源于纳粹种族思想,在二十世纪三十年代被日本军国主义者用以培养士兵。由此可知,将血型理论引入日本的是日本当年的军国主义政府。因此选项B(日本军国主义政府)正确。

66.A。本题问:从文中我们了解到什么?

本题为主旨推断题,需阅读全文才能正确推断。本文主要谈论:尽管血型决定论有不光彩的历史,没有科学依据,但日本人对血型决定论的热捧已经影响到人们生活和工作的各个方面。故选项A(在日本,血型决定你的一切)正确。选项B(日本人对血型已失去兴趣)和D(血型不见得能解释我们的性格)与文中表述相反;选项

C(种族主义被广大日本人接受)在文中未提及。

PartV

Cloze

短文大意:在北爱尔兰某大学的一项研究中,项目的参与者被要求给自己和他人分发标有货币价值的代币,其中一半人被告知他们的分配结果会被第三个人知道。通过对参与者具体行为的观察表明,流言的力量的确强大,在意别人的流言蜚语会影响一个人的行为,包括他的慷慨程度。相比之下,男性比女性要略微慷慨一些。

67.A。同根词辨析。文章以提问的方式开篇:担心别人对你的看法吗?随即道:研究人员

说,在意别人的流言蜚语会影响自己的行为,包括其慷慨程度。因此空白处需填入虑”,是本题的正确选项。选项B(Concerning)为介词,意为“关于(某人某物)”;选一个名词。四个选项均为concern的变形:选项A(Concern)为名词,意为“担心,忧

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项C(Concerned)为形容词,意为“担心的,烦恼的”;选项D(Concernedly)为副词,意为“担心地,忧虑地”。

68.B。动词搭配。本句意为:事实证明,流言的力量的确很强大。动词turn与四个选项都可

构成搭配:A项turnin意为“交还,放弃”;B项turnout意为“证明是……”;C项

turnover意为“翻转,移交”;D项turnup意为“上扬,出现”。根据句意,选项B(out)

正确。

69.D。形容词辨析。本句译文见上一题。本题需通读全文才能做出判断。选项A(de-manding)意为“需要很大努力的,费心的”;选项B(convincing)意为“令人信服的”;

选项C(authoritative)意为“有权威的;官方的”。

·贝林格让72名大学生给他人分发标有货70.B。名词辨析。本句意为:匹亚泽和杰西·M

币价值的代币,并对反应进行了研究。通过阅读这一部分可看出,研究人员通过考察参与研究的大学生的行为得出相关结论,故本题应选B项(reactions),意为“(对情况做出的)反应,回应”。选项A(answer)意为“回答,答案”;选项C(acknowledge-

ment)意为“承认,答谢”;选项D(correspondence)意为“一致,通信”,都不符合文意。

71.A。同根词辨析。本句译文参见上一题。四个选项拥有共同的字根“-tribute”,基本意义

是“分派”。选项A(distribute)为动词,意为“分配,分发”,填入后与74空后的in

theirallocations(分配,分派)ofthetokens形成照应,故为本题正确选项。选项B

(contribute)为动词,意为“贡献,投稿”;选项C(attribute)作动词意为“归因于……”,作名词意为“属性,特征”;选项D(tribute)为名词,意为“称赞,贡品”。

72.D。动词搭配。本句意为:这些大学生中一半的人被告知将与第三方谈论其分配决定。

这就是说,这些大学生的分配行为会被第三方知道。空白处前面的动词是discuss,通常搭配为discusssthwithsb,因此本题应选D项(with),意为“与……进行谈论、讨论”。

73.C。动词辨析。本句意为:与那些未被让知道其决定会被讨论的人相比,在分配代币时,

知道经济决定会被接受者拿来与第三方交谈的参与者明显要慷慨得多。空白处所填入的动词应与上句中的wouldbediscussedwith相对应,故选项C(communicating)正确,意为“交流,沟通”。选项A(announcing)意为“宣布,通报”;选项B(connecting)意为“连接,结合”;选项D(disclosing)意为“公开,揭露”,均与文意不符。

74.C。副词辨析。本句译文参见上一题,空白处需要一个表示程度的副词。通读全文后可

知,流言的力量很强大,可以左右人们的行为决策,因此此处应选择C项(signifi-

cantly),意为“可观地,明显地”。选项A(slightly)意为“轻微地,稍稍”,与文意相反;

选项B(extensively)意为“广大地,广泛地”;选项D(indistinctly)意为“不清楚地”,不符合上下文。

75.A。动词辨析。本句译文参见73题。根据文意可知选项A(led)正确,beledtodosth意

2010.01思是“被引导做某事”。选项B(brought)填入后表示“被带到……”;选项C(resulted)意为“产生某种结果”,常与in或from连用,不与to搭配使用;选项D(tempted)意

54CollegeEnglish笤考试专栏笤

为“引诱,怂恿”,与文意不符。

76.D。语法考查。这段文字意为:匹亚泽和贝林格在《人类行为》期刊中发表的该项研究中

说。空白处需要填入publish的分词形式,作名词study的后置定语,因此可以排除

A、B两项,即publish的动词原形和不定式形式。由于study与publish之间为被动

关系,现在分词C项(publishing)也被排除。

77.B。形近词辨析。本句意为:他们还提到,从经济观点看,对本人有利的分配策略是把10

个代币全部留给自己……。空白处需要一个形容词,修饰后面的名词strategy。四个选项在外形上有些相似,但意义却大相径庭。选项A(benefit)作名词意为“益处”,作动词意为“得益于”;选项B(beneficial)意为“有益的,有利的”;选项C(benevolent)意为“与人为善的,行善的”;选项D(benign)意为“慈祥的,和善的”。根据文意可判断选项B(beneficial)正确。

78.B。动词辨析。本句译文参见上一题。本段第一句话中的whowereaskedtodistribute

tokens……提示我们此空格需填入一个与distribute意义相近的动词。此外,在本段

和下一段中都出现了名词allocations,由此可见本题的正确答案为allocate(分配,配给),其用法为allocatesthtosb。其他选项与allocate在意义上有相近之处,选项

A(designate)意为“标明,指派”;选项C(expend)意为“花费”;选项D(scatter)意为

“散开,分散”,用在此处均不正确。

79.D。动词辨析。本句意为:……但流言的威胁似乎影响了他们的决定。选项A(misled)意

为“误导,引错方向”;选项B(fluctuated)意为“波动,起伏”;选项C(reinforced)意为“增强,加强”。选项D(swayed)本意是指“摇摆,倾斜”,可引申为“影响或改变(某人)的观点或行动”,故可判断选项D正确。swayone’sdecision意思是“影响、改变某人的决定”。

80.A。名词辨析。本句意为:尽管性别差异不是该项研究的重点,但男性比女性还是要略

微慷慨一些。本句提到了男、女慷慨的比较,因此可知空白处应选A项(gender),意为“性别”。选项B(identity)意为“身份,相同”;选项C(personality)意为“人格,个性”;选项D(status)意为“地位,身份”,均不符合文意。

81.B。形容词辨析。本句译文参见上一题。本段后面提到:尽管参加者中女性占多数,但平

均来看男性分给别人的代币多于女性。由此可见,男性比女性更大方些,故B项(generous)为本题的正确答案,意为“慷慨的,大方的”。选项A(hospitable)意为“好客的,热情的”;选项C(sympathetic)意为“表示同情的”;选项D(noble)意为“高尚的,贵族的”,均与文意不符。

82.A。短语考查。本句意为:平均来看,男性分给别人的代币略多于女性。on(the)average

为固定词组,意思是“按平均数计算”,故A项(on)正确。其他几个介词均与average不搭配。

均来看男性分给别人的代币略多于女性。从主句和从句的内容可以看出,它们之间

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2010.0183.B。连词考查。本句意为:研究者补充道,尽管参加者中女性数量比男性多近两倍,但平

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为让步关系,要选择一个引导让步从句的连词,因此although(尽管,虽然)正确。选项A(unless)意为“除非”,表示条件关系;选项C(provided)意为“在……条件下,假如”,也表示条件关系;选项D(nevertheless)意为“虽然如此,然而”,表示转折关系。

84.C。名词辨析。本句意为:此前的研究说明流言比事实更有威力,表明即使有相反证据,

人们仍然相信听来的小道消息。由此可知,空白处应选择与gossip意义相反的名词,故C项(truth)正确,意为“事实,真相”。选项A(fiction)意为“小说,虚构的事”;选项

B(accuracy)意为“精确,准确”;选项D(reliability)意为“可靠性”,均不符合文意。

85.D。介词搭配。本句译文参见上一题。grapevine原意为“葡萄藤”,引申为“消息的传播途

径”。习语hearthroughthegrapevine指“听取小道消息”,也可用hearonthe

grapevine表达,故D项(through)正确。

86.C。短语考查。本句译文参见84题。本题重点考查短语onthecontrary与tothecon-trary的区别。onthecontrary常常放在句首或句中,用作修饰句子的状语,表示对

比,即否定前面提到的情况而肯定后面提到的情况;而tothecontrary通常不用来修饰整个句子,它可以充当定语、状语或表语,表示“相反的”。根据文意,此处应选择C项(to),tothecontrary作后置定语,修饰先行词evidence,意为“与此相反的”。选项A(by)多与contrary的复数连用,bycontraries意为“与预期的相反”;选项

D(with)不与contrary构成搭配。

PartVI

87.devotedherselfheartandsoultoherwork

本题有两个考查点:一是考查短语“献身于某事物(devoteoneselftosth)”的表达;另一个是考查短语“全身心地(heartandsoul)”的用法,该短语通常用作状语。

Translation

88.thanI’myourmother

本题考查习语nomore...than的用法。nomore...than常常被用来表示类比,即用人们熟悉或已知的事物去比喻不熟悉或未知的事物。这类句型的一个重要特点是than后面的从句在形式上肯定,但在意义上却是否定;表面上表示不同等的比较,实质上则表示等同关系。

89.thatthenewrule(should)beadopted

本题考查同位语从句。充当同位语从句中心词的名词通常为一些表示概括意义的抽象名词,如assumption,fact,idea,news,proof,proposal,belief,possibility,suggestion等。另外需要注意的是,本题同位语从句的中心词为suggestion,如同require,demand,

insist,suggest等动词要求其宾语从句使用现在时虚拟式一样,其名词的同位语从句也

要求使用现在时虚拟式,通常为should+动词原形,should可省略。

90.killingwildanimalsinthenameofscientificresearch

2010.01本题空白处前的谓语动词是fightagainst,因此需要填入动名词引导的短句充当介词against的宾语;此外,本题还考查了“以……的名义”的表达形式,常用inthenameof

56CollegeEnglish笤考试专栏笤

……表示。

91.theatmosphereintheroombecometense

本题考查感官动词后不定式作宾语补足语的用法。在感官动词后面,不定式通常不带to。除了feel,这类动词还有see,hear,overhear,listento,watch,notice,observe,per-

ceive,sense等。Transcript

SectionAConversationsShortConversations

11.W:It’snotgoingtosnowagaintomorrow,isit?Itwassupposedtobewarmallweek.

M:Well,ifyougobytheforecastthatIheard,youshouldn’tputyourcoatandhataway

quiteyet.

Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?

12.M:Hello,thisisRobertBlair.I’mcallingtomakeanappointmentwithDr.Johnsonforto-morrowafternoon.

W:Well,IcangiveyouthenumberofDr.Johnson’snewoffice,I’mafraidhe’snotat

thisofficeanymore.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

13.W:Excuseme,couldyoutellmehowtogettotheGlacierHotel?Ithoughtitwasonthis

streetbutIseemtohavemadeamistake.

M:Hmm.I’msorry.Maybeyoushouldtrycallingthem.Thereisaphoneoverthereby

KFC.

Q:Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?

14.M:You’vebeenstudyingsohardandIalmostforgottotellyouaboutthefootballWorldCup

goingon.

W:That’sjustthekindofnewsI’vebeenwaitingtohear.Thebookscanwait.Q:Whatwillthewomanprobablydo?

15.W:IjustheardaboutyouracceptanceintoEconomicsDepartment.Doyouthinkyouwill

joinyourfather’sfirmaftergraduation?

M:Notlikely.HemajorsinAccountingandI’mgoingtostudyFinance.Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?

16.M:Doctor,Ihaven’tbeenabletogettosleeprecentlyandIcouldn’tconcentrateduring

classes.

W:Well,youknow,spendingtoomuchtimeindoorscandothattoyou.YourbodylosesQ:Whatdoesthedoctorimplythemanshoulddo?

2010.01trackofwhetherit’sdayornight.

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17.W:I’mtakingthecoursenamedtheHistoryofLanguage.It’ssointeresting.AsanEng-lishmajoryoushouldsignupforit.

M:Actually,I’vetriedtodothat.Buttheytoldme,“Youneedtohavetakenlinguistic

203first.”

Q:Whatcanbeinferredabouttheman?

18.M:Ican’tbelieveIstillhavethispaininmychest.Thismedicinethedoctorgavemewas

supposedtomakemefeelbetterbynow.

W:Maybeyoushouldstarttakingitfourtimesadaylikeyouweretold.Q:Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?LongConversationsConversation1

W:Iwanttoregisterforthiseconomicscourse.M:I’msorryregistrationhasclosed.

W:Closed?TheclerktoldmeIcouldcomebackandregisteranytimeduringthefirstmonthof

classes.

M:Well,that’snotpossible.Thecomputer’sofficialstudentaccounthasalreadybeensentto

thestate.Andthat’swhatourbudgetisbasedon.Whotoldyouthatanyway?

W:SomewomanherewhenItriedtoregistertwoweeksago.ShesaidIjusthadtopayalatefee.M:Shemusthavebeenatemporaryworker.Theydon’thavemuchtraining.Whydidn’tyou

registerthen?

W:ShesaidIcouldn’tuntilIhadmybirthcertificate.Hereitis.M:Yourbirthcertificate?

W:Well,I’manewpart-timestudent.Sosheaskedforidentification.Idon’tdrivesoIdon’t

haveadriver’slicense.

M:Huh.That’snoreasontodemandabirthcertificate.Weonlyneedtoestablishresidency:an

electricitybillwithyournameandaddressonitwouldhavebeenfine.W:Really?Onlyproveofmyaddress?

M:Yes.I’mafraidshegaveyouthewronginformation.Stillyou’llhavetowaitandtakeyour

economicsclassnextsemester.W:Butthat’snotmyfault.

M:Well,Isympathizewithyourproblem,butfrankly,Idon’tthinkanyonecanhelp.Youwere

trappedinthesystem.Youcantalktothedirectorifyouwantto.Hewillseewhathecandoforyou.

2010.01W:That’sgreat.

M:Don’tgetyourhopesup.

58CollegeEnglish笤考试专栏笤

Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

19.Whattroubledidthewomanstudentruninto?

20.Whatdidthewomanintheofficedowhenthewomanstudenttriedtoregistertwoweeks

ago?

21.Whatwastherealpurposeofaskingforidentification?22.Whatdidthemanimplyatlast?Conversation2M:MarkHillspeaking.

W:Dr.Hill,mynameisAliceSmith.Myroommate,GraceLee,isinyourarthistoryclass.Uh-m,

ArtHistory303?M:Yes.

W:Well,sheissickandwon’tbeinyourclasstoday.Sheaskedmetobringhertermpaperto

youroffice.

M:OK.Thepaperisdueby4o’clock.

W:Ihaveaclassfrom1to3.I’llbringittoyourofficeaftermyclass.

M:Well,Ihaveameetingthisafternoon.SoyoucandropitoffwiththesecretaryoftheArtHis-toryDepartment.She’llseethatIgetit.

W:OK.(pause)OhIalmostforgot.I’maMathematicsmajor.ButmyadvisortoldmethatIneed

onemorehumanitiescoursetograduate.I’venoticedthatyouareteachingacourseonab-stractpaintingnextsemester.Couldyoutellmesomethingaboutit?

M:Sure.Well,it’sacoursefornon-artmajors.We’llbelookingatseveraldifferentabstract

paintersandexaminingtheirworks.We’llalsolookthehistoryandpoliticsoftheerainwhichtheylived.

W:Thatsoundsinteresting.Whatelseisrequired?

M:Thereisnofinalexam.Andthereisonlyonerequiredbook.Buteachstudenthastogivea

majorpresentationabouttheindividualpainterattheendofthecourse.

W:Hmm.Itsoundsgood.Willyoubeinyourofficelatertoday?I’dliketotalktoyousomemore.M:Well,mymeetingwilllastallafternoon.Whydon’tyoustopbythedayaftertomorrow?Any

timeinthemorning.MyofficeisintheFineArtsBuildingrightnexttothedininghall.W:Thanks.I’lldothat.

Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

23.Whydoesthewomanmakethecall?

25.WhatisrequiredinDr.Hill’sabstractpaintingcourse?

2010.0124.Whatdoesthewomanalmostforgettodo?

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SectionBPassageOne

China’srapidlygrowingpopulationofInternetusersmayhavesurpassedtheU.S.tobe-cometheworld’slargestInternetuserbase.Becomingtheworld’slargestpopulationofInternetusersisamilestoneforChina,anditraisesthestakes(赌注)forChineseandforeigncompaniesbattlingformarketshare.ButtheU.S.marketremainsleapsandboundsaheadintermsofon-lineadvertisingande-commerce.

AnanalystLiuBinsaystheInternetmakesuponlyabout5%ofadvertisingspendinginChinacomparedwith10%intheU.S.ButifChina’seconomycontinuestogrowandChina’syoungInternetusersincreasinglychoosetheInternetovertraditionalformsofentertainment,Chi-naisboundtocatchup.Overthenextfiveyears,heestimatesthatthenumberofInternetusersinChinawillgrowatacompoundedannualrateof18.5%,

whiletheU.S.willgrowatonly

2.2%.By2012,thatwouldgiveChina590millionInternetusers.

Butsofar,onlineadvertisinghasyettoflourishinChina,whereeventhelargestInternetcompaniesincludingsearchcompanyBaidu.comInc.—themostpopularWebsiteinChina—havesaidtheystrugglewithconvincingsmalltomedium-sizeadvertisersoftheeffectivenessofpaidsearch.

E-commerce,whichisexpectedtobeamajordriverforonlineadvertising,hasalsobeenslowtopickupbecausemanyconsumersarenotusedtoshoppingonline,andarestillreluctanttopayforproductselectronically.

Questions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

26.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutChina’sInternetusersisNOTtrue?27.WhatisthepercentageofonlineadvertisingspendingintheU.S.?28.Whydoese-commercegrowslowlyinChinaaccordingtothepassage?PassageTwo

Notonlydoesitsoothethesavagebeast,butmusicalsomakesunrulychildrencalmerwhileatthesametimeimprovingtheirfacilitiesforcognitiveskillsandphysicalcoordination,accord-ingtoaleadingexpert.Amother’ssoftlullaby(摇篮曲),granddad’swhistlingorafathersingingintheshower—allofthesemusicalactivitiesservetohelpaninfantnotonlyinacquir-inglinguisticskills,butalsoinlearninghowhumanbeingsinteract.

“Experimentshaveshownthatunbornbabiesinthewombappeartorelaxinresponseto

certainmusicandalsothattheyseemtorecognizethismusicafterbirth,”saysProfessorMichael

2010.01Schulte-Markwort,

headofchildpsychologyatHamburg’sUniversityHospitalinGermany.

“Fromtheoutset,musichelpsthelanguagecentersinthebraintodevelopsothatchildrenwho

60CollegeEnglish笤考试专栏笤

havebeenexposedtomusicatanearlyagetendtolearntospeakearlierthanthosewhoarebornintonon-musicalhomes,”Dr.Schulte-Markwortsays.“Musicalsohelpsinthedevelopmentofmotorskills(运动技能)whileatthesametimereducingtension,”headds.

Rhythmanddancingtrainyoungmusclessothatmusicalchildrenarehealthierandbetterco-ordinatedthanchildrenwhoseparentsneverteachthemtosinganddanceandplayasimpledrumorotherinstrument.

“Itisimportanttorememberthefunfactor,”

Schulte-Markwortstresses.

“Singing,dancingandplayingmusicalinstrumentsmustfirstandforemostbefunforchildren.”

Questions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

29.Whatisthefunctionofmusicaccordingtothepassage?30.Whatmayhappenifunbornbabiesareexposedtomusic?

31.WhatdoesDr.Schulte-Markwortsuggestconcerningmusicaltraining?PassageThree

Untilthe1960s,blackpeopleinmanypartsoftheUnitedStatesdidnothavethesameciv-ilrightsaswhitepeople.LawsintheAmericanSouthkeptthetworacesseparatewhichforcedblackpeopletoattendseparateschools,liveinseparateareasofacityandsitinseparateareasonabus.

OnDecember1st,1955,inthesoutherncityofMontgomery,Alabama,a42yearoldblackwomangotonacitybus.Thelawatthattimerequiredblackpeopleseatedinoneareaofthebustogiveuptheirseatstowhitepeoplewhowantedthem.Thewomanrefusedtodothisandwasarrested.ThisactofpeacefuldisobediencestartedprotestsinMontgomerythatledtolegalchangesinminorityrightsintheUnitedStates.ThewomanwhostarteditwasRosaParks.

SomepopularstoriesaboutthatincidentincludethestatementthatRosaParksrefusedtoleaveherseatbecauseherfeetweretired.Butsheherselfsaidinlateryearsthatthiswasfalse.Whatshewasreallytiredof,shesaid,wasacceptingunequaltreatment.Sheexplainedlaterthatthisseemedtobetheplaceforhertostopbeingpushedaround(摆布)andtofindoutwhathu-manrightsshehad,ifany.

RosaParkshadstartedamovementofnon-violentprotestintheSouth.Shereceivedtwoofthenation’shighesthonorsforhercivilrightsactivism.RosaParksdiedonOctober24th,2005attheageof92.HerbodylayinhonorintheUnitedStatesCapitolbuildinginWashington.ShewasthefirstAmericanwomantobesohonored.

Questions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

33.WhatwasthesignificanceofRosaParks’action?

2010.0132.Whycouldn’tblackpeoplesitinthesameareaonabuswiththewhitebefore1960?

CollegeEnglish61

笤考试专栏笤

34.WhatwastherealreasonforRosaParks’behavior?35.WhydidRosaParksreceivethenation’shighesthonors?SectionC

Youcan’tbuyhappinessbutitlookslikeyoucanatleastinheritit,BritishandAustralianresearcherssaid.

Astudyofnearly1000pairsofidenticalandfraternaltwins(异卵双生)foundgenescontrolhalfthepersonalitytraitsthatmakepeoplehappywhilefactorssuchasrelationships,healthandcareersareresponsiblefortherestofourwell-being.“Wefoundthataroundhalfthedifferencesinhappinessweregenetic,”saidTimBates,aresearcherattheUniversityofEdinburghwholedthestudy.“Itisreallyquiteastonishing.”

Theresearchersaskedthevolunteers—ranginginagefrom25to75—aseriesofques-tionsabouttheirpersonality,howmuchtheydepressedandhowsatisfiedtheywerewiththeirlives.Becauseidenticaltwinssharethesamegenesandfraternaltwinsdonot,theresearcherscouldidentifycommongenesthatresultincertainpersonalitytraitsandpredisposepeopletohappiness.

Peoplewhoaresociable,active,stable,hardworkingandconscientioustendtobehappier,theresearchersreportedinthejournalPsychologicalScience.“Whatthisstudyshowedwasthattheidenticaltwinsinafamilywereverysimilarinpersonalityandinwell-being,andbycontrast,thefraternaltwinswereonlyaroundhalfassimilar,”Batessaid.“Thatstronglyimplicatesgenes.”

Thefindingsareanimportantpieceofthepuzzleforresearcherstryingtobetterunderstanddepressionandwhatmakesdifferentpeoplehappyorunhappy,Batessaid.Peoplewithpositiveinheritedpersonalitytraitsmay,ineffect,alsohaveareserveofhappinesstodrawoninstressfultimes,hesaid.

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