1. alive, living, live, lively
(1) He had a strange way of making his classes ________ and interesting. (2) We usually buy ________ fish in the market.
(3) It’ll be the biggest _________ concert the world has ever seen.
(4) Until recently, the only milu deer __________ in the world belonged to the Duke of Bedford in England.
(5) He’s dead, but his dog is still ________. (6) The enemy general is caught _________.
(7) He’s regarded as one of the best _________ scientist at present. (8) The ___________ must finish the work of those dead.
2. All(all) right., That’s all right., That’s right. (1) --- The moon goes around the earth. --- __________
(2) --- I’m sorry, but I can’t agree with you. --- __________
(3) --- It’s eight o’clock. Let’s go to school together. --- __________
(4) --- How is your recent work? --- It’s __________
3. alone, lonely
(1) After his parents died, he became _________, but he didn’t feel ________ with all his friends around.
(2) When the baby woke up, he found himself _________. (3) I don’t like going out _________ after dark. (4) She raised her family quite __________. (5) Living in a big city can be very __________.
(6) There isn’t enough room for us, let _________ the six dogs and a cat. (7) I’ve told you before --- leave my things __________. (8) Antarctica(南极洲)is the __________ place on earth.
4. affect, effect
(1) The war and the suffering that it caused __________ him greatly.
(2) What’s learned in books can not have the same deep __________ on a child’s as what’s learned through experience.
5. alone, only, single
(1) This is the __________ painting in this style that we have. (2) Time __________ will show who was right. (3) A __________ apple is hanging in the tree. (4) This reading-room is for the teachers __________. (5) Not a _________ teacher stopped his teaching.
6. already, still, yet
(1) But perhaps they haven’t known the matter __________.
(2) When I was __________ in bed, I heard someone knocking at the door. (3) Have the conductors had their lunch __________. (4) Have you __________ kept his letter? (5) Have you __________ received his letter?
7. also, too, either, as well
(1) He studies hard and I study hard, __________. (2) He has been to Xi’an. I have __________ been there. (3) He has been to Xi’an and I, __________, have been there. (4) He hasn’t been to Xi’an. I haven’t __________. (5) She is fond of basketball and football __________. (6) Can’t you see that I’ve got teeth, ___________.
character
8. answer, reply
(1) He smiled before he __________ to my questions. (2) No one was able to _________ him a word. (3) He __________ that he cared nothing for it.
(4) He __________ , “ I thought you were coming tomorrow.” (5) ___________ the telephone/ doorbell
9. any one, anyone
(1) Is there __________ in?
(2) If you recognize ___________ of the people in the photograph, tell us. (3) If he had read __________ of those books, he would have known the answer.
10. apologize to, apologize for
(1) He apologized __________ me, because he was rude to me. (2) He apologized __________ me _________ his being rude to me. (3) John, I want to apologize __________ you _________ us all.
11. after all, in all, at all, above all
(1) There were twelve of us __________ for dinner.
(2) He should have offered to pay --- he has plenty of money, ___________. (3) There was nothing _________ to eat. (4) --- Thanks for your kind help very much. --- Not _________.
(5) He was eager __________ to see his family again. (6) I’m surprised you came ___________.
(7) Bob thought he couldn’t go to the party because he had too much work to do, but he went ___________.
12. at any moment, at the moment, for a moment, for the moment, in a moment, in the
moment of, the moment
(1) __________ I saw him, I knew that there was no hope. (2) We are ready ___________ to give our lives for our country. (3) Hurry up. The film will start __________. (4) Try to be calm __________ of danger. (5) Won’t you come in __________?
(6) I failed to buy the book because I had no money with me __________. (7) I can’t recognize him ___________, for it’s years since I saw him last.
13. at a time, at one time, at times, at all times, at the same time, at no time (1) The two balls fell to the ground ___________. (2) Please give me two books __________. (3) Lincoln was ___________ a post master.
(4) _________ should you divorce(脱离)yourself from the masses of the people. (5) _________ he was late for school.
(6) We should be ready __________ to wipe out any enemy who dares to come.
14. be good at, be good for, be good to
(1) He was very good __________ me when I was ill. (2) Is this kind of food good ___________ me?
(3) When I was young, I was good ___________ at mathematics, languages and etc.
15. beat, gain, win, defect
(1) The enemy was __________ in a decisive battle. (2) She was determined to ___________ the race.
(3) Jim ___________ Tom by a yard and __________ the race at last. (4) To __________ time, I pretended that I had not heard his request. (5) He __________ the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921.
16. before long, long before
(1) __________ Marx had to move on. (2) We have seen the film __________. (3) We’ll see that film __________.
(4) It will not be __________ we finish this dictionary. (5) I had known him __________ I got to know you.
17. bring, take, carry, fetch
(1) Who has __________ away today’s newspaper? (2) Next time you come, __________ me that book, please. (3) The woman is ___________ a baby in her arms. (4) Can you __________ me some chalk?
18. by, on, through, over
(1) The chairman of the meeting will speak __________ the radio. (2) They talked to us __________ radio.
(3) Radio and TV programs are sent __________ satellites for broadcasting. (4) Do you watch football __________ TV? (5) Jack, you are wanted __________ the telephone.
19. by oneself, for oneself, of oneself
(1) Do you have anything to say __________ ? (2) We must do our homework ___________.
(3) The bottle couldn’t have fallen down ___________. Someone must have knocked it down.
20. by the way, in a way, in the(one’s) way, on the(one’s) way (1) He held her arm __________ that hurt her. (2) No one will be ___________ if he wants to do it. (3) _________ home, he was murdered. (4) _________ , have you seen John recently?
(5) _________ , it’s a good film.
(6) He is ___________ to becoming a good engineer.
21. care of, care for, take care of
(1) Nurses __________ patients in hospitals. (2) Would you ___________ a walk with us? (3) He __________his clothes or food. (4) I don’t ___________ movies.
22. cause, reason, excuse
(1) As a young man, he was forced to leave his homeland for political ________. (2) Poor foundation was the __________ of the house’s collapse(倒塌). (3) “I’ll not listen to any _________ ,” Mr. Black stopped her.
23. clean, sweep, wipe
(1) He’s busy ___________ the dishes with dry cloth.
(2) Aqiao stood up and ____________ the sweat(汗水) off her face. (3) We’re going to ___________ the bedroom for Christmas Day. (4) When I came in, he was ____________ the floor.
24. custom, habit
(1) ___________ is sometimes considered as important as law.
(2) I’ve got into the ___________ of turning on the TV the moment I get home. (3) It’s his ___________ to take a cold bath every day.
25. demand, request, require
(1) Engineers are in great ____________.
(2) All I ____________ of you is that you should come early. (3) I have done all that is ___________ by law. (4) Mr. White __________ his daughter to leave here.
(5) He __________ of me to keep quiet. (6) The baby ___________ looking after.
26. country, land, state, nation
(1) Marx and Engels had original(独创的) ideas of the ___________. (2) China is a great __________ with a long history.
(3) This is my native ___________, and I’ll defend it with my life. (4) The whole ___________ was in deep sorrow at the sad news.
27. dress, have on, put on, wear, in, with
(1) He ___________ a blue coat and grey trousers today. (2) It’s cold outside. You’d better __________ more clothes. (3) He was __________ heavy shoes. (4) She washed, ___________ and went out. (5) The girl ___________ red is a good student. (6) My daughter is old enough to ___________ herself. (7) She was ___________ light blue silk. (8) He’s well __________.
(9) The girl __________ glasses is our monitor.
28. else, other, more, another
(1) What ___________ do you want? (2) Would you like some __________ soup? (3) We went nowhere ____________. (4) May I have ___________ two potatoes? (5) Ten __________ books are in need.
29. Excuse me,(I am) sorry,(I beg your) pardon (1) __________, is it your pen? (2) __________, could you say it again?
(3) __________, but I can’t go to the office today.
(4) __________, could you tell me the way to the nearest store?
30. fairly, quire, rather
(1) This book is _________ too difficult for the beginners. (2) My brother is __________ better today. (3) It’s __________ a bad book.
(4) I attended a ___________ interesting lecture. (5) What a __________ perfect performance. (6) I’m sorry, but I don’t __________ catch you.
31. fast, quick, soon
(1) The next morning, the teacher asked the boy, “How did you find the answer so _________?”
(2) Computers are getting smaller and computing _________ and _________. (3) So I tried my best to find the answer __________. __________ I found it.
32. fault, mistake
(1)In spite of his ___________ , he is still a good comrade. (2)You can’t arrest me! There must be some __________ . (3)They’re always trying to find __________ with my work. (4)I have took your umbrella by ___________ .
(5)It his own ___________ that he didn’t pass the physics examination.
33. fit, suit
(1)The gloves don’t ___________ me. Have you got another pair of larger size? (2)Red and blue are the colors that __________ me well.
34. for example, such as, like
(1)Some cold-blooded animals, ___________ the cat, the dog or the wolf, do not need to
hibernate.
(2)Noise, ___________ , is a kind of pollution.
(3)What a terrible voice. Listen to this song, ___________ .
(4)Some English words come from other languages, __________ French, German and Spanish.
(5)Man is destroying himself. ___________, the forests are being cut down in some places. (6)__________ words as traveled, centre and color are American.
35. forget, leave
(1)I ___________ my wallet in the car. (2)I quite ___________ his name and address.
(3)Yesterday I ___________ the key at home. But today, I mustn’t ____________ it any more.
36. must have done/ should(ought to) have done/ need have done/ can(could) have done (1) You __________(go) to watch TV. You are going to take an examination tomorrow. (2) The dancing party __________(arrive) in Beijing by ten.
(3) They are playing on the playground now. They ___________(finish) their homework. (4) The light is still on. They ___________(go) to bed. (5) There is no light in his room. ___________(go) out?
(6) We ___________(take) a taxi, as it was very near to the station.
37. other/ another/ the other/ others/ the others
(1) Some are singing, some are dancing, __________ are climbing the hill. (2) We study Chinese, English, Physics and ___________ subjects. (3) I’ll come again some ___________ day.
(4) She has two children. One is a boy, and ___________ is a girl.
(5) There are six people in the room. Four are girls, and ___________ two are boys. (6) I didn’t like this pen. Please show me ___________.
(7) There are sixth students in the classroom. Thirty are girls, and __________ are boys.
38. noise/ voice/ sound
(1) The boy shouted at the top of his __________. (2) The __________ of traffic kept him awake.
(3) There was a __________ of footsteps outside the hall.
39. possible, probable, likely
(1) The __________ cause of his failure was that he had been too tired. (2) With England leading 3-0, England are the _________ winners.
(3) Alexander Bell made it __________ for us today to communicate with each other on the phone.
(4) It is __________ , though not __________ that he will come tomorrow. (5) She is very ___________ to ring me tonight. = It is very ___________ that she will ring me tonight. = It is much ___________ that she will ring me tonight. (6) You’d better hurry to the station as fast as __________.
40. spend, take, cost, pay
(1) You’ll have to ___________ me ten dollars a week for your meals. (2) Painting the picture __________ me all week.
(3) Making experiments like this ___________ much time and labor. (4) Every morning he __________ half an hour on English listening. (5) He ___________ the taxi and hurried to the station.
(6) Her irresponsible behavior ___________ her father many sleepless nights. (7) It __________ you 12 pounds to go to London by ship. (8) It __________ me ten minutes to go to the post office.
41. take the place of, take one’s place, take place
(1) The accident __________ after the traffic light turned red.
(2) Since everyone is here, let’s start our meeting. Now, __________ , please.
(3) Tractors have now __________ horses and cows in most villages. (4) Mr. Green is ill. And I’ve come to __________ .
42. position / condition / situation / state (1)Are you in a good _______ of health?
(2)He asked for that _______ in the company but was turned down. (3) How about the living _______ of the farmers here? 4. In this _______ you must keep calm.
43. possible / likely / possibly / maybe
(1)He is _______ to come but rm not certain, (2)It is _______ that he will come but I’m not certain. (3) He can’t _______ tell the truth. (4) ______ he doesn’t mean what he said.
44. price / value / cost/expense
(1)I’m sure the map will be of great _______ to your journey. (2)In order to cover the ______ he worked day and night. (3) These machines are all made at a high
(4) Although his ______ sounds reasonable, I won’t take it.
45. put away / put on / put off / put down
(1)The sports meet will be _______ until next week. (2)The rebellion was not ______ until 1946.
(3) You should _______ these books after you read them. (4) _______ these clothes or you will catch a cold.
46. quality / quantity / character / personality (1)A large ______ of water is lost for this reason. (2)When will you have a _______ test?
(3) In my opinion, honesty is a good _______. (4) There are many Chinese ________.
47. question / problem / doubt’/wonder
(1)No ______ he mentioned Alice many times. She was his sister. (2)I have no ______ that I will make a fortune some day. (3) It is out of _______ that I will make a fortune some day.
(4) The maths _______ is beyond me. I am afraid I can’t work it out on my own.
48. raise / rise / lift / feed
(1)He _______ his voice in order to make himself heard by others. (2)The sun ______ in the east and sets in the west. (3) Mary, you _______ the chickens today. (4) The box is too heavy for me to _______.
49. rapid / fast / quick / soon
(1)Bob can run so _______ that I can’t catch up with him. (2)______ progress has been made in his study. (3) I am sure that he will cheer up ________.
(4) A _______ decision should be made since the situation is so urgent.
50. rather / fairly / quite / well
(1)Tom is _______ ahead of me in Physics. (2)It’s _______ easy to work out the problem. (3) It’s _______ difficult to work out the problem. (4) It’s _______ impossible to return to the old days.
51. reach / arrive / get / touch
(1)I _______ for the banana hanging on the ceiling.
(2)He is expected to have _______ at the train station but so far he still hasn’t turned up.
(3) When we ______ to the train station the train had already left. (4) I was greatly _______ by the boy’s story.
52. refer to / look up / search for / talk about (1)Please _______ the new word in the dictionary.
(2)Please _______ the dictionary in order to find the meaning of the new word. (3) The police are ______ the missing boy.
(4) We _______ the people and things that we remembered.
53. remain / last / continue / leave
(1)The door was _____ open after they left. (2)Although he became rich, his life _____ simple. (3) How long did the American Civil War _____ ? (4) After a short break the voice of the spokesman ________.
54. remind / recall / remember / regret (1)The song ______ me of my childhood. (2)Please _______ me to your parents.
(3) The company decided to ______ faulty cars.
(4) I _____ my decision to study Russian but now it is too late.
55. replace / instead / instead of / exchange (1)______ smiling he made a face.
(2)He didn’t smile, ______ he made a face.
(3) On Christmas they usually ______ presents with each other. (4) Unsatisfied with the radio, I want to ______ it with another one.
56. rob l steal / cheat / lie
(1)The student was caught ______ in the exam.
(2)They ______ me of my diamond necklace yesterday morning.
(3) Don’t ______ to your teachers.
(4) The thief was caught _______ money in the bank.
57. scene / sight / view / look
(1)They rushed to the ______ of the traffic accident.
(2)Standing on the top of the building you will have a good _______ of the whole city. (3) He stood there even after the train was out of ________. (4) The old Great Wall has taken on a new ________.
58. save / spend / spare / share
(1)Don’t play with the toys all by yourself. You must learn to _______ with others. (2)In order to _______ time I took a shortcut.
(3) Will you please _______ me some time for a chat? (4) A lot of time is _______ chatting with him.
59. send up / send for / send out / send off
(1)Next week a new man-made satellite will be _______. (2)What a lot of invitations to ________ !
(3) Doctor Wang has been _______ . Wait a minute. (4) We should ______ all these parcels by noon.
60. senous I anxious / curious / nervous
(1)It’s bad manners to be _______ about others’ secretS.
(2)Performing on the stage for the first time, he felt a bit _______. (3) Don’t take what he said _______. He is only joking. (4) The parents are ______ about their children’s safety.
答案与简析
1.(1) lively (2) live (3) live (4) alive (5) alive/ living (6) alive (7) living (8) living 四个词都是形容词,都与“活着”有关。
alive 通常用做表语,既可指人,也可指物,此时可与 living 互换。但作补足语用时,只能用 alive,而不能用 living。alive 有时也用做定语形容词,此时只能后置。live [laiv] 用做定语形容词,意思是“实况(播送)的,现场(直播)的”,或“活的”。一般修饰物。lively主要用做前置定语,修饰人或物,也可做表语。“定冠词the + living”表示“活着的人”。lively [΄laivli]意为“活泼的,活跃的,充满生气的”,用做表语或定语,可修饰人或物。
2.(1) That’s right. (2) That’s all right. (3) All right. (4) all right.
这三句话(短语)往往用于口语中。“All right.” 表示同意对方的看法或意见。“That’s all right.” 用于对方向你致谢或道歉时的用语,相当于“不用谢,不客气,没关系”。它往往等同于Not at all./ Don’t mention it.等。That’s right.中的right = true, right,表示肯定对方所说的话是对的。all right用于句中时,意思比较灵活。
3.(1) alone, lonely (2) alone (3) alone (4) alone (5) lonely (6) alone (7) alone (8) loneliest
lonely 是形容词,有表语和前置定语用法。做表语时,意为“孤独的”,“寂寞的”,带有浓厚的感情色彩,表示主观上渴望有伴。做定语时,往往表示“地方”,有“人迹罕至的、荒凉的、偏僻的”之意。alone 有形容词和副词用法,表示“无伴”,“孤单”,相当于 without any companions,但它不强调是否“寂寞”。或表示“独自一人”、“独立地”,相当于without the help of others。alone 还可用做补足语。短语let(leave) sth. alone 意为“不去理会,不要去管”;let alone 意为“更不用说”。
4.(1) affected (2) effect
affect 是及物动词,发音为 [ə΄fekt];effect是名词,发音为 [i΄fekt],通常用于 have a(n)… effect on… 这一短语中。
5.(1) only (2) alone (3) single (4) only/ alone (5) single 三者都可以用做形容词,表示“仅一”,“单一”,“唯一”的意思。
定语用法时,only 为前置定语;alone 为后置定语;single 一般和a 连用,在否定句中,表示“连一个也不(没)”。only 还可以和the 连用,表示“唯一的”,“最好的”,“最合适的”。only 和alone还有副词用法。
6.(1) yet (2) still (3) yet/ already (4) still (5) already already 作“已经”解,通常用于肯定句;yet 通常用于疑问句和否定句。在疑问句中,作“已经”解;在否定句中,作“还”,“尚”解。still 表示“仍然”,“仍旧”的意思,说明某种情况和过去一样地继续着,可以用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中。already用于疑问句中,常常表示问话人对某一动作或状态的开始或完成得比预想的要快、早而表示惊异。
7.(1) too (2) also (3) too (4) either (5) too/ as well (6) too also 用于肯定句,常常位于 be 动词、助动词和情态动词之后,或行为动词之前。too 也用于肯定句,比also 更加通俗。可以和also, as well 通用,可位于句中和句末。它可以用逗号将其与句子的其它成分隔开,单独使用。 as well 在口语中使用较多,用法和too 一样,可以互换。常常位于句末。 either 用于否定句,只能位于句末。在含有责备、抱怨或规劝之类的句中,或者是在表示建议、邀请的句中,若句子本身是以否定句的形式表达肯定的意义时,用副词 too,而不用still。
8.(1) replied (2) answer (3) replied/ answered (4) replied/ answered (5) answer
answer 可以用做及物动词或不及物动词,是一般用语。reply 是不及物动词,后面常常接介词to,再接宾语。它表示经过考虑,有针对性地、详细地回答。reply 也可以用做及物动词,这时它的宾语必须是直接引语或宾语从句。answer 还有“应答”之类的含义。
9.(1) anyone (2) any one (3) any one
anyone 用做代词,只能指人,相当于 anybody。 any one 是一个词组,既可指人,也可指物,意为“任何一人”或“任何一物”。它后面常接介词 of。
10.(1) to (2) to, for (3) to, for
apologize 是不及物动词,相当于say apology。表示“向某人道歉”时,不能说apologize sb.,而要说apologize to sb.;表示“因为某事而向某人道歉”时,要说 apologize to sb. for sth.;表示“代替某人向某人道歉”时,应该说apologize to sb. for sb.。
11.(1) in all (2) after all (3) at all (4) at all (5) above all (6) at all/ after all (7) after all/ at all
in all 意思是“总共”,“总计”。above all 表示“最重要的是”,“尤其”之意。at all 常常用于否定句,表示“根本不”,“一点也不”。Not at all 是用于回答对方感谢时的客套话。at all用于肯定句中时,起强调作用,表示“突然”、“到底”。此时可以用after all代替。after all还有提醒对方注意的含义,相当于“别忘了”,“毕竟”。
12.(1) The moment (2) at any moment (3) in a moment (4) in the moment (5) for a moment (6) at the moment (7) for the moment
at any moment意为 “随时”,“任何时候”,与at any time 或at all times 同义;at the moment 表示“此刻”,“目前”或“那时”,“当时”。可用于一般现在时或一般过去时;for a moment:片刻,一会儿,相当于for a while;for the moment:暂时,一时;in a moment表示现在或过去的动作即将发生的时间,意为“马上”,“很快”。in the moment of…:在……的关头,相当于in time of…;the moment(that) 用来引导时间状语从句,意为“一……就……”,相当于as soon as。
13.(1) at the same time (2) at a time (3) at one time (4) At no time (5) At times (6) at all times
at times = sometimes:有时,间或;at all times = always:随时,无论什么时候;at one time = once, for a period of time in the past:从前,曾经; at a time = each time:一次,每次;at no time:在任何时候都不,决不;at the same time:同时。
14.(1) to (2) for (3) at
be good at:擅长。be good to(sb.):kind,好心的,仁慈的。be good for(sb./ sth.):有益的,有益健康的。
15.(1) defeated (2) win (3) beat/ defeated (4) gain (5) gained/ won beat和defeat同义。它们的宾语必须是人或一个集体,如a team, a class, a school, an army等。defeat常表示在战争中胜过对方;beat常用于游戏、比赛等场合。win和gain同义。gain表示获得需要之物,它的宾语常为one’s living, strength, experience, time, knowledge, attention, respect, admiration等;win表示在较强的竞争中取得了胜利,它的宾语常用game, war, prize, fame, battle等。
16.(1) Before long (2) long before (3) before long (4) long before (5) long before
before long:不久以后(after a short period of time or soon)。其中的谓语动词可用现在、过去或将来时态。long before:好久以前(a long time ago)。其中的谓语动词用过去时态或完成时态。另外,long before也可单独使用。其中long 是形容词或副词,before是连词。这个词组表示“在……之前很久”。
17.(1) taken (2) bring (3) carrying (4) fetch
carry的意思是“携带”,“搬运”。将人或物从一处带到另一处。携带的方式可以是提、扛、背、抱或抬等。carry不说明带的方向性。bring:带来、拿来。它强调方向性,即从别处拿到说话者这儿来,不强调带的方式,后可以接双宾语。take:带走,即从说话人这儿带到别处去。fetch 表示到别处把某人找到并带来,或把某物找到并取来。后可接双宾语。
18.(1) on/ over (2) by (3) through (4) on (5) on 表示“通过无线电”,用by radio 或on/ over the radio;通过卫星收发节目,用介词through;通过电视看,用介词on;通过电话交谈,该说on the telephone。
19.(1) for yourself (2) by ourselves/ for ourselves (3) of itself
for oneself 意为“为自己”或“独立地”。在表示“独立地,亲自地”时,可以和by oneself 互换。of oneself意为“自动地”,“自然而然地”。
20.(1) in a way (2) in his way (3) On the/ his way (4) By the way (5) In a way (6) on the way
by the way:顺便问问,顺便说说;in a way:(1)在某种程度上,在某种意义上,在某点上;(2)后接定语从句,表示“以……方式”;in the(one’s) way:挡路的,妨碍人的;on one’s/ the way:(1)在路上,在……的途中,后面常接介词to或副词;(2)on one’s way to + doing的意思是“即将”,“就要”。
21.(1) take care of (2) care for (3) care about (4) care for care about意为“计较,在乎”,一般用于否定句。care for意为“关心,喜欢,想要”,多用于肯定句或疑问句。take care of意为“照料”,相当于look after。
22.(1) reasons (2) cause (3) excuse
cause(原因),指造成某一事实或现象或产生某种结果的直接原因,常和effect连用,表示原因和结果。reason(理由),用来解释某种现象或结果,或对事物的起因、行为的意图等给予合情合理的逻辑解释,而不是简单直接地说明起因。excuse指为避免受指责或推卸责任而找“借口”。
23.(1) wiping (2) wiped (3) clean (4) sweeping
三者都有把污垢、杂乱或有害的东西清除掉的意思。clean用于各种方式的“打扫干净”,用得比较广泛;sweep指用扫把扫除地板上的尘土或脏物;wipe指用抹布、手或纸等进行拭擦。
24.(1) Custom (2) habit (3) custom
custom指传统风俗、习俗。也可以指生活习惯,后接不定式做后置定语。habit 指生活习惯、习惯成自然。它后接of doing sth.做后置定语,不可接不定式。
25.(1) demand (2) request (3) required (4) requested/ required (5) demanded (6) required/ requires
三者都有“要求”之意。它们后接宾语从句时,从句的谓语动词都要用虚拟语气。demand表示“坚决要求”或“迫切要求”;request意思是“恳求、请求”,指通过正式手段提出要求,口气较缓,态度礼貌;require指按照规定、法规或权利等提出的要求或命令。当它表示“需要”之意时,后接不定式的被动式或动名词的主动式。我们可以用request/ require sb. to do sth. 或demand/ require of sb. to do sth.结构。
26.(1) state (2) country (3) land (4) nation
这四个词都有“国家”的意思,但侧重点不同。country侧重“版图、疆域”;nation侧重“人民、国民,民族”;state侧重“政体、政权”,意思是“国家、政府”;land侧重“国土、国家”,带有感情色彩,多用于文学作品中。
27.(1) has on (2) put on (3) wearing (4) dressed (5) in (6) dress (7) in (8) dressed (9) with
have on, wear, in和with表“穿、戴”的状态,put on表动作,dress既可表动作,又可表状态。
dress用作及物动词时,它的宾语是“人”,不接“衣服”,表示“给某人穿衣服”;用作不及物动词时,表示“穿好衣服”。 dress的过去分词dressed 通常表示“穿着的状况”或“某人在某种场合穿着什么衣服”。have on:穿着、戴着衣服、帽子、鞋子等,不能用于进行时态。 wear的宾语是衣服、鞋子、帽子、手套、眼镜、首饰、花朵、剑以及徽章等,可以用于进行时态。 put on:穿上、戴上,表动作,其反义词是take off。in后接衣服或颜色,可作后置定语或表语。with只能与衣服、手套之类的名词搭配,不接衣服,而且只能做定语。
28.(1) more/ else (2) more (3) another (4) another (5) other
else和other的区别主要在于:else常常用在疑问代词、疑问副词和不定代词之后,用做后置定语或状语,而other只能用在名词前做定语。
more, other和another在表示“附加的”、“另外的”的意思时,它们主要的区别在于:more可以放在疑问代词和不定代词后,如 what more, nothing more等。more 和other都可以放在基数词和量词之后,名词之前,但other 只能修饰可数名词,而more还可以修饰不可数名词。another放在基数词或量词之前,再修饰名词。
29.(1) Excuse me (2) Pardon(I beg your pardon) (3) Sorry(I am sorry) (4) Excuse me
(I beg your) pardon用于没听清楚对方的话,希望对方再重复一遍。(I am) sorry表示我们做了错事之后表达歉意。当我们要说的话、要做的事可能引起对方不便或打扰对方时,或者我们要引起对方注意时,事先要说Excuse me.
30.(1) rather (2) rather/ quite (3) rather/ quite (4) fairly, rather, quite (5) quite (6) quite
这是一组表示程度的副词。rather一词可以和形容词、副词的比较级及 too连用。quite仅可用于better前,表示“身体完全好了”。 quite和fairly 既可以位于冠词前,也可以置于冠词之后,但rather只能置于冠词之后。 quite和rather可以修饰动词。quite还可以修饰“没有程度差别”的形容词,如 perfect, impossible, dead等。
31.(1) quickly (2) faster, faster (3) quickly, Soon
quickly侧重指某事完成或发生得快,总共延续的时间很短。它常常指人的思维快,反应速度快或动作敏捷。fast 侧重指人或事物具有运动速度快的特点。soon侧重指两件事情的先后发生,中间的时间间隔很短。
32.(1) faults (2) mistake (3) fault (4) mistake (5)fault fault多指性格上的弱点,行为上的过失。强调对过失应付一定的责任。 mistake意为“错误,误会,误解,搞错了”。指缺乏正确理解造成行动上、认识上的错误。另外,应注意一些习惯用法。by mistake:弄错了;This is my fault:是我的过错;find fault with sb./sth.:找岔子,挑毛病。
33.(1) fit (2) suit
fit指大小、尺寸合乎某人的身体;suit指颜色、花样或款式等合乎某人(或某人的身份)。
34.(1) such as/ like (2) for example (3) for example (4) such as/ like (5) For example (6) Such… as
for example 用来列举同类人或事物中的“一个”事例,表明某个观点或说明某个问题。单独用做插入语,可以放置在句首、句中或句末。such as 用来列举同类人或事物中的“几个”(一部分),可以和like互用。但such as 可以分开来使用,如such reference books as dictionaries and handbooks.
35.(1) left (2) forgot (3) left… forget
leave 指“把东西遗留在什么地方”、“遗留”,它的后面必须接地点状语;forget表示“忘记”
某人、某事,后面不能接地点状语。
36.(1) should not/ ought not to have gone (2) should have arrived (3) must have finished (4) can’t have gone (5) Can he have gone (6) needn’t have taken
“情态动词+have done”结构,表示对过去发生行为的语气判断。must have done 表示推测,意思是“肯定”,“准是”,用于肯定句。can/ could have done 用于疑问句或否定句,表示对过去发生行为的怀疑或不肯定,意思是“可能吗?”或“不可能”。should/ ought to have done 表示过去该做的事,而实际上未做。意思是“本应该”,常常含有“责备”,“不赞成”的口气。其否定式表示过去不应该发生的事,却发生了。意思是“本不应该”。这种结构还可表示“可能”,“推断”。常常译成“该已”,“可能已经”。needn’t have done 表示本来不必要做某事,而实际上已经做了。
37.(1) others (2) other (3) other (4) the other (5) the other (6) another (7) the others
other做前置定语,修饰单数或复数名词;another 泛指三者以上的不定数目中的“另一个”;the other表示两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一部分”,是特指;others用作代词,泛指“其他人”或“其他物”;the others指整体中除去一部分,剩余的全部,是特指。
38.(1) voice (2) noise (3) sound
sound 指任何可以用耳朵听到的声音;voice 指人的说话声、歌声或笑声;noise 指各种“噪音”或“吵闹声”。
39.(1) possible/ probable (2) probable (3) possible (4) possible/ probable (5) likely, likely, possible/ probable (6) possible
三者都可以表示“可能”。possible指客观上有可能,但往往含有希望很小的意味;probable比possible的可能性大,表示“很可能”、“大概”,指有实际依据或在逻辑上合情合理;likely
是从外表迹象判断,有可能发生某事。
possible不能用人作主语,也不能与人构成复合宾语。常常用于句型:It is possible to do…; It is possible for sb. to do…; 或It is possible that….等句型。但possible可以和物构成复合宾语,特别常见于it做形式宾语时。另外,我们常见到短语as fast/ quickly/ high/ large… as possible。probable 也不能用人作主语,不能和人或物构成复合宾语,只能用在句型It is probable that…。likely作表语时,它的主语可以是人,也可以是物。它也可以用于句型It is likely that…中。
40.(1) pay (2) took (3) costs/ cost (4) spends (5) paid (6) cost (7) costs (8) took spend 和pay 的主语必须是人;cost和 take的主语不能是人。
spend 的宾语可以是钱、精力或时间等,其后用介词on + 名词或用介词in(可省去)+ 动名词形式,千万不能接不定式。pay 作为及物动词,宾语可以是“人”、“钱”。pay for表示支付的原因。
cost 的主语是“物”或“事”,表示“费用”、“耗费”,后接money, time 等,侧重“花费”的代价。cost 后不能与具体的时间长度连用,只能与表示抽象概念的时间短语连用,如some time, much time等。cost的宾语还可以是 health, life 等,表示“使付出代价,或做出某种牺牲”。take 表示“花费”时,主语一般是“一件事”,常常用于句型It took(takes, will take)(sb.) some time to do…。
41.(1) took place (2) take your places (3) take the place of (4) take his place take the place of sb./ sth.:代替某人(某物);take one’s place:① 代替某人的职务,② 就坐;take place:发生,是不及物动词,不用于被动语态。
42. (1)state (2)position (3)conditions (4)situation
state表示“状态”;condition表示“条件”:position可表示“方位;职位”;situation表示“形势;处境”。
43. (1)1ikely (2)possible/likely (3)possibly (4)Maybe
likelytodo意为“可能会做(某事)”;it’s possible/likelythat意为“可能会……”;possibly为副词,可以与can’t连用,表示“绝不可能”;maybe意为“也许;可能”,一般用在句首。
44. (1)value (2)expense (3)cost (4)price
value侧重表示内在的“价值”;price表示外在的“价格”;expense为“花费”之意~cost指制作某物的“成本”。
45. (1)put off (2)put down (3)put away (4)Put on
put away意为“放好(以备后用)”;put on意为“穿好(衣服)”;putOff意为“推迟”;put down意为“镇压;扑灭(火势)等”。
46. (1)quantity (2)personality (3)quality (4) characters
quantity表示“数量”;quailty既可以表示事物的“品质”,还可以表示人的“优点”;character泛指性格,无所谓好坏,还可以表示“角色;文字;字母”;personality意为“个性”。
47. (1)wonder (2)doubt (3)question (4)problem
no wonder意为“不足为奇”;have no doubt意为“深信不疑”;problem侧重指书面上的习题;out of question意为“没问题”。
48. (1)raised (2)rises (3)feed (4)lift/raise
raise有两种意思,一为“举起”,与lift同义,但与rise不一样,因为raise是及物动词,后面可以直接跟宾语,而rise为不及物动词,后面不能直接跟宾语。raise还可以表示“饲养”,侧重指整体的行为;而feed意为“喂养”,侧重指具体的动作。
49. (1)fast (2)Rapid (3)soon 4,quick
同样表示“快”,rapid强调“进步快”,fast强调“速度快”,quick强调“当机立断,决定快”,而soon强调“时间快”,也就是“马上”的意思,往往与一般将来时连用。
50. (1)well (2)fairly (3)rather (4)quite
这四个副词都可表示“非常”,但与very不同,rather往往修饰贬义词,fairly往往修饰褒义词,quite往往修饰没有明显程度之分的形容词和副词,如possible,impossible,right,wrong,true,necessary等。well作程度副词时往往有两种情况,一为be well worth doing sth;二为be well a head of/above/more than/ over/past等。
51. (1)reach/reached (2)arrived (3)got (4)touched
reach有两种意思,一为“到达”,为及物动词;二为“伸手拿”,可构成固定词组reach for sth;arrive后必须加in或者at才能接宾语;get to意为“到达”;touch除了表示“碰到”之外,还可以表示“感动”。
52. (1)look up (2)refer to (3)searching for (4)talk about
refer to表“参考”时,后接表字典、电话本的名词;look up应接表查找的内容;search for往往接表丢失的人或物的名词;talk about指具体谈论,与refer to的另一种意思“提及”不同。
53. (1)1eft (2)remained (3)1ast (4)continued
remain用作连系动词时,后面可接形容词作表语;last意为“持续”,后面接表示一段时间的词语;continue意为“继续”,表示中断一段时间后继续做某事;leave为及物动词,意为“让……保持”,常用于被动语态。
54. (1)reminds (2)remember 3,recall (4)regret
remind表示“让……想起”;remember sb to sb表示“记得向某人间好”;recall在此表示“召回”;regret表示“后,1每;懊,P每”,其后可接名词或动名词。
55. (1)Instead of (2)Instead (3)exchange (4)replace
replace与exchange都是动词,replace意为“替换”,而exchange意为“交换”。instead为副词,而instead of为介词短语,后面接名词或动名词作宾语。
56. (1)cheating (2)robbed (3)lie (4) stealing
rob意为“抢”,构成词组rob sb of sth:steal意为“偷”,构成词组steal sth from sb;cheat意为“(考试)作弊”;lie意为“说谎”,是不及物动词,必须在后面加to才能接表示人的宾语。
57. (1)scene (2)view (3)sight (4)look
scene表示“(发生事件的)现场”;sight可表示“眼界;视野”,out of sight表示“在视线外”:view可表示“眺望;风景”,侧重表示从某一角度看到的风景;takeonanewlook意为“呈现新面貌”。
58. (1)share (2)save (3)spare (4)spend
save表示“节省”;spend表示“花费”;spare表示“挤出;抽出”;share表示“分享”。
59. (1)sent up (2)send out (3)sent for (4)send off
send up表示“发射”;send for表示“派人去请”;send out表示“分发(请帖等)”;send off在此表示“寄出;出(货)”。
60. (1)curious 2,nervous (3)serious (4)anxious
serious表示“当真;认真”;anxious表示“焦虑(含有担心)”;curious意为“好奇的”;nervous意为“紧张的”。
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