现在完成时讲解
一、基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done) ①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他
例：They have lived here for a long time.
②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他
例：She hasn't spoken to him.
③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他
例：Have you seen Matthew?
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）
二、用法
1） 现在完成时的\"完成用法\"
现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.
例：He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。) I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)
2） 现在完成时的\"未完成用法\"
指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。这里的动词要用持续性动词。常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点）连用. 例：Mary has been ill for three days.
Mary has been ill since three days ago.
注意:
1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语）如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与for, since连用.
2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）, just, before, recently, still, lately等:
例：He has already obtained a scholarship.
I haven't seen much of him recently (lately). We have seen that film before.
Have they found the missing child yet ?
3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如ever, never, twice, several times等: 例：Have you ever been to Beijing
I have never heard Bunny say anything against her. I have used this pen only three times. It is still good. George has met that gentleman several times.
4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如up to these few days/weeks/months/years, just, up to present(now), so far等:
例：Peter has written six papers so far.
Up to the present everything has been successful.
5. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作. We have had four texts this semester.
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现在完成时讲解与习题 From: Constance Lee
6. have been to 和have gone to的区别：
①have been to 强调“去过”，现已不在那里，如： He has been to the USA three times. 他到美国去过三次。（过去“到美国”，现在已“不在美国”）
②have gone to主要强调的是“去了”，现在人不在说话的现场，如： --Where's your mother? --你妈妈在哪？
--She has gone to the hospital. --她去医院了。
③has been in 一直在某地
三、现在完成时考点例析 一、考查其构成
① \"助动词have (has) +动词过去分词\"构成现在完成时。如： 1. Kate's never seen Chinese films，____ ?
A. hasn't she B. has she C. isn't she D. is she
析：陈述句部分含否定词never,简略问句部分要用肯定式，又因Kate's是Kate has的缩写，故选B。
2. His uncle has already posted the photos to him. (改为否定句) His uncle ______ posted the photos to him ______.
析：already常用在肯定句中，yet常用在否定句、疑问句中，故填hasn't, yet。
3.---Ann has gone to Shanghai. -So ______her parents. A. has B. had C. did D. have
析：\"so+助/系/情态动词+主语\"结构中的动词形式应与前句结构中动词形式保持一致，又后句的主语为her parents是复数,故选D。
二、考查其用法与标志词
(一)当句中有never, ever, just, already, yet, before等时，常用现在完成时。如： 1. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball? -______you______ your homework yet?
A. Do; finish B. Are; finishing C. Did; finish D. Have; finished
2. -______ you ______anywhere before? -Yes, but I can't remember where I______
A. Did; surf; surfed B. Have; surfed; surfed C. Did; surf; have surfed D. Have; surfed; have surfed 析：据yet和before可知,应用现在完成时，故1题选D，2题选D。
(二)当句中有\"for +段时间\"或\"since +点时间\"等时，主句常用现在完成时，谓语动词必须是延续性动词，若是非延续性动词，要改为延续性动词或表状态的词(短语)。如：
1. His brother has been to Stone Forest twice______he came to Yunnan. A. after B. before C. since D. for
析：主句用的是现在完成时，而从句用的是一般过去时，故选C。
2. Tom______the CD player for two weeks.
A. has lent B. has borrowed C. has bought D. has had
析：A、B、C均为非延续性动词，在肯定句中不与表\"段时间\"的短语连用，故选D。
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现在完成时讲解与习题 From: Constance Lee
3. I______a letter from him since he left.
A. didn't receive B. haven't got C. didn't have D. haven't heard
析：据since可知，应排除A、C，\"hear from sb.=receive/get/have a letter from sb.\"意为\"收到某人的来信\"，故选B。
三、考查have/has been (to, in)/have/has gone (to)的区别。如：
1. -Have you ever______Lintong to see the Terra Cotta Warriors? -Yes, I have. A. went to B. gone to C. been in D. been to
析：据句中的have，排除A，B项意为\"去某地了\"，C项意为\"一直呆在某地\"，D项意为\"去过某地\"，符合题意，故选D。
2. My parents ______ Shangdong for ten years.
A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been
析：本题句中有\"for+段时间\"结构，据此可排除C，B项意为\"去过某地\"，不合题意，D项缺介词，故选A。
四、考查现在完成时与其他时态的联系和区别。如： 1. Sun's aunt has gone there for ten years.(改成正确的句子)
析：非延续性动词与\"段时间\"连用时，除了把非延续性动词改成延续性动词外，还可把动词改为一般过去时或借助句型\"It's +段时间+since+从句\"进行句子转换。
故答案为：Sun's aunt has been there for ten years. /Sun's aunt went there ten years ago. /It's ten years since Sun's aunt went there.
2. Susan has been in this city for more than ten years.(改为同义句) ________more than ten years ____Susan ______to this city.
析：据上题分析，且since引导的从句要用一般过去时，故填It is, since, came。 3. I won't go to the concert because I ____my ticket. A. lost B. don't lose C. have lost D. is coming
析：因我丢了票的动作发生在过去，而且对现在造成了我不能参加音乐会的结果，符合现在完成时所表示的含意，故选C。
五、英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分，使用中应注意两者的区别。 一、持续性动词: 表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。
常见的study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean , sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, sit, stand, lie, keep等。
二、瞬间性动词: 表示一个动作发生在一瞬间，非常短暂。亦称终止性动词。
常见的--begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off等
瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，通常有两种方法： （1）用意思相当的持续性动词来替换
He has been in the army/a soldier for three years. （他参军已有3年了。）不用has joined She has been up for quite some time. （她起床已有好久了。）不用has got up Has your brother been away from home for a long time? （离家已有好久了吗？）不用has left
常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系：
1、go—be away 2、come—be here 3、come back—be back 4、leave—be away（be not here） 5、buy—have 6、borrow—keep 7、die——be dead 8、begin——be on
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现在完成时讲解与习题 From: Constance Lee
9、finish—be over 10、open——be open 11、close——be closed 12、lose——be lost 13、get to know—know 14、turn on—be on 15、get up——be up 16、sit down—sit/beseated 17、join—be in（…）或be a…member 18、become—be
（2）用it is…since…结构来替换瞬间动词 例1：电影已经开映5分钟了。（两种方法） ①The film has been on for five minutes. ②It’s five minutes since the film began.
例2：他离开上海已有3天了。（两种方法）
①He has been away from Shanghai for three days. ②It is three days since he left Shanghai. 这本书我还给图书馆已有两周了。（一种方法）
例3：It’s two weeks since I returned the book to the library.
他找到他妹妹已有多久了？（一种方法） How long is it since be found his sister?
例4：瞬间动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用 I haven’t seen you for a long time.（好久没见到你了。）
练习题
一、单项选择
1. Li Hong has ________ the army for 2 years.
A. joined B. be in C. been in D. joined in 2. We have been friends since ______.
A. children B. five years C. five years ago D. five years before 3. Mike ___________ the story for a month.
A. has bought B. has had C. had had D. has borrowed 4. You ______ that question three times.
A. already asked B. have already asked C. already have asked D. asked already 5. Those foreign friends left Guangzhou __________.
A. since last week B. a week ago C. for a week D. since a week ago
6. I _____ at this school for two years.
A. am studying B. study C. studied D. have studied 7. They _________ in the city since last summer. A. live B. didn’t live C. have lived D. live 8. Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou _________ 1992. A. since B. from C. after D. in
9. Mr. Black _________ China since the summer of 1998.
A. has been to B. has been in C. has come to D. came to 10. His father _______ for years.
A. has died B. has been dead C. died D. dies
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现在完成时讲解与习题 From: Constance Lee
11. Mary ________ to see the films because she __________ it twice.
A. won’t go, saw B. won’t go, will see C. won’t go, has seen D. didn’t go, sees 12.---- Would you like some more food? ----Thank you. I _______ enough.
A. will have B. have had C. have D. had 13. ----______ you ______ England? ---Yes, it _____ a beautiful country.
A. Will, gone to, was B. Have , been to, is C. Had, been to, is D. Have, gone to, is 14. ----_______ you _______ to Beijing?
----No, I ______.I ______ there early next month.
A. Have, been, haven’t, am going B. Had, been, hadn’t, am going C. Have, gone, haven’t, was going D. Did, go, didn’t, was going 15. ---You sister ______ to London to study English. Is that true? ---Yes , she ___ there for two months.
A. has been, has been B. will go, has gone C. gone, will be D. has gone, has been
16. He has a computer of his own. He ____ it two days ago A. buy B. bought C. buys D. has bought 17. —Where is Li Lei? —He ___ Shanghai.
A. has gone to B. has been to C. went to D. goes to 18. He _______ his homework and is now listening to music. A.. finishes B. has finished C. finish D. is finishing 19. David _______ Shanghai for more than three months.
A. came to B. has been to C. has been in D. has come to 20. --- Is your father a Party member?
--- Yes, he ____ the party three years ago. He _____ a Party member for three years. A. joined; has been B. has joined; has been C. was joined; is D. joined; was
21. ---What a nice bike! How long ____ you ____ it? ----Just five weeks.
A. will; buy B. did; buy C. are; having D. have; had 22. I ______ this book for a week .I have to return it now.
A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. kept D. have kept 23. ----______ your sister _______ in Green China for a long time? ----Yes. She joined it five years ago.
A. Has; been B. Have; been C. Has; joined D. Have; joined 24. ---How long have you _______ from the USA? ----For three months.
A. come back B. returned C. go back D. been back 25. I _____ this book for half a year.
A. have bought B. have had C. bought D. had
26. The students are sorry to hear that famous singer _______ for a year. A. has left B. has gone C. has been away D. has gone away
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现在完成时讲解与习题 From: Constance Lee
27. --- ______ you______ your homework yet? ---Yes, I _____ it just now.
A. Did; do; finished B. Have; done; finished C. Have; done; have finished D. Will; do; finish 28. The sand storm weather ______ in Beijing several times this year. A. happen B. happened C. has happened D. have happened 29. ---How long have you been here? --- ____ last month.
A. For B. Until C. Before D. Since 30. He ____ a cold for three days.
A. has caught B. has had C. has got D. caught
31. Jim Green ____ in China for two years.
A. has come B. has been C. has arrived D. came 32. The film ____ for half an hour.
A. has been on B. has begun C. hasn’t begun D. began 33.—Where have you _______ these days？ —I have ________ to Beijing with my friends．
A. been；gone B. been；been C. gone；been D. gone；gone 34．How long have you _______ this book？
A. bought B．borrowed C．had D．lent 35. We have lived here _______ five years ago． A. when B．since C．before D．after
36．—I have watched the game．
—When _____you _______ it？
A．have；watched B．do；watch C．did；watch D．will；watch 37．—How do you like Beijing, Mr. Black？ —Oh，I _______ such a beautiful city．
A．don't visit B．didn't visit C．haven't visited D．hadn't visited 38．Miss Brown _______ to the Great Wall twice．
A．have been B．has been C．have gone D．has gone 39.His brother has been to Stone Forest twice ______ he came to Yunnan． A．after B．before C．since D．for 40．His grandpa _______ for two years．
A．was died B．has been dead C．was dead D．has died
41．—Have you ever_______ to Haikou？
—Yes，I_______ there with my family last August．
A．gone；went B．been；went C．been；went to D．been；was in 42. His sister ______ her hometown for three years. She'll return next year． A．left B．has left C．has been away D．has been away from
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现在完成时讲解与习题 From: Constance Lee
二、用适当的时态填空：
1.She’s _____________ (live) here ever since she was ten.
2.Both of them ________________ (be) in Hongkong for ten days. 3.Both of them ________________ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago. 4. Half an hour __________ (pass) since the train __________ (leave).
5. Mary________(lose) her pen. ________ you ______________ (see) it here and there?
6. _____________ you ____________ (find) your watch yet?
7. ---Are you thirsty? ---No I _________ just _____________ (have) some orange. 8. We _____________already ______________ (return) the book.
9. ___________ they ____________ (build) a new school in the village? 10. I ________________(not finish) my homework . Can you help me? 11. My father _____ (read) the novel twice. 12. I _________ (buy) a book just now.
13. I _________ (lost ) my watch yesterday.
14. My father ___________ (read) this book since yesterday.
三、翻译下列句子：
1. 你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？
2. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书。
3. 我以前从来没去过那个农场。
4. 他已经吃过午饭了。
5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？
6. 我哥哥还没回来。
7. 我上星期看过这部电影。
8. 在1992年他住在这里。
9.这本字典我已买了三年了。
10.他离开中国三年了。
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现在完成时讲解与习题 From: Constance Lee
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