高考英语语法非谓语动词之动词不定式

高考重点语法项目复习——非谓语动词I

动词不定式

一、理解并背诵下面的口诀

英语句子一个主，并不并列一谓语。 再有动词怎么用，动名词分词不定式。 动名词能定主宾表，分词能表定状补。

不定式功能都具备，主表将来目的较具体。 区别不难细体悟，心中常青语法树。 二、不定式的基本形式。 主动 被动 一般式 进行式 完成式 一般式 完成式 不定式 to do to be doing to have done to be done to have been done 否定式 not to not to be doing not to have not to be not to have been don done done done 三、动词不定式的功能和作用。 1. 不定式可以作句子的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语或插入语。 To make a new dress takes her a lot or time. He pretended to be working hard. His ambition is to become a chemist. He is always the first to come to school. To learn English well, you must practice more.. His teacher encouraged him to work harder. To be honest, I don’t agree with you.

2. 不定式在时间上表示将来，作状语时一般表目的，强调动作时表某一次具体的动作。

注：不定式也可作结果状语，表示意料之外的结果。 Eg. He hurried to the station, only to find the bus had gone.

3. 不定式作主语时，常用it做形式主语，将to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。

句型1：It + 谓语 + to do

eg: It takes us an hour to get there by bus. 句型2：It’s + n. + to do

eg: It’s our duty to help the poor. 句型3：It is adj. for/of sb. to do sth. eg: It’s very kind of you to help me.

It’s very difficult for him to solve the problem. 四、不定式的时态和语态

1. 时态: 一般式表示的动作通常与句中谓语动作同时或在其后发生 We saw him go to the shop.

进行式表示不定式的动作正在进行. eg: He pretended to be working hard.

完成式表示不定式动作在谓语动作/状态前发生.

I’m glad to have seen your mother. eg: I happened to have read the book. 2. 语态

在下列结构中，不定式常用主动形式表示被动含义 1)主语+be+adj.+to do

Eg. The house is comfortable to live in. 常用的形容词有：easy, difficult, hard, impossible, nice, heavy, pleasant, important, interesting等。

2) 在too„to和enough„to 结构中 The problem is too difficult to work out. The house is enough to live in. 3) 在“疑问词+to do”结构中 I don’t know what to do next. 4) 在“with+宾语+to do”结构中 With nothing to do, he lay in bed. 五、动词不定式to 的几种常见的省略形式 1．感官动词和使役动词在主动语态中不需要带to，即feel, listen to 、hear , see、watch、notice、observe、look at, let、make、have. Eg. He noticed Tom take a branch of flowers in his hand. The teacher has us write a composition every week. 注：除let 外其他在变成被动语态时要加上to The person was seen to enter the shop by us .

2．常用的结构 may well do，may as well do (还是„好了) Eg. We might as well put up here for tonight. 3. but或except后接不定式时，如果它们前面有do便可省略to，其结构为can not do but（do)„，can not help but (do)不得不„；只好 Eg. She can do nothing but/except sing.

There is nothing he could do but play all day long.

4．不定式做help后的宾语补足语或宾语时，可带to也可不带 I helped him（to） mend the bike

5．在had better，would rather，rather than之后省略to You'd better not tell him the news .

六、疑问词how,when,what,where,which以及whether与不定式连用，在句中作主语、表语或宾语，其功能相当于名词性从句。 Eg. Where to go has not been decided yet.

=Where we shall go has not been decided yet.  I don’t know what to do next.

= I don’t know what I should do next. 七、后只能跟不定式作宾语的动词

hope, wish, promise, refuse, arrange, decide, fail, manage, offer, prepare, pretend, hate, prefer, ask, choose, expect „ 八、后跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词

Advise，allow，ask，beg，cause，expect, encourage，force，get，hate， invite， order， wish，want， warn， remind， promise， permit， persuade， request„