人教版高一英语必修一units1-5单元知识点总结

人教版高一英语必修一units1-5单元知识点总结

人教版高一英语必修一

Unit 1 Friendship

知识清单

1.survey n. 调查；测验;测量；检查；鉴定

We were pleased with their survey.

我们对他们的调查感到满意。

常见搭配：make a survey of sth 调查/纵观某事

We had better make a survey of the market.

我们最好做个市场调查。

a public opinion survey 调查

【拓展】n .(指人) surveyor 测量者/员；（不动产等的）鉴定员，调查官

2. add vt. 增加；添加；补充说vi. 加；添加；补充说

常见搭配：

(1) add sth “增加，补充说道”

The fire is going out, could you add some wood? 火快熄了,请你加些木柴好吗?

“He is very clever but a bit naughty,” he added.“他很聪明但是有点淘气的。”他补充道。

(2) add sth to sth把..和..相加

Add 8 to 3, you’ll have 11. 8加3等于11。

(3) add to = increase

e.g: The news added to/increased his sadness.

(4) add up/together 合计，加起来

e.g: Add up the expenses, see if we could afford it.把所有的费用加起来，看看我们是否能支付得起。

(5) add up to 总计达

e.g: The expenses add up to 1000 yuan.

His income adds up to 3000 yuan a month

3. upset

(1) adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的

be upset about/over/at sth 为某事感到心烦

be upset with sb. 对某人生气

He felt upset about losing the money. 丢了钱，他感到难过

James was upset because he had lost his ticket.

詹姆很烦躁，因为他把车票丢了。

(2) vt. 使烦乱，扰乱，使不安，使不适

sth. upset sb. （某事）使某人心烦意乱sb. upset sth （某事）打/弄翻某物

upset one’s pla n 打乱某人的计划upset one’s stomach 使胃不舒服

She will ignore the bell and go somewhere quiet to calm him down.

The best way to deal with an impolite person is to ignore him.

【拓展】n. ignorance 无知，愚昧，不学无术

His ignorance is surprising.

I was in complete ignorance of his intentions.

adj. ignorant 无知识的，不知道的，愚昧的，幼稚的

be ignorant of 对…无知,不知道

5. calm

(1) adj. 冷静的，平静的keep/stay/remain calm保持平静

It became calm after the storm.

(2) vt.&vi. 平静下来；镇定下来calm down /calm sb down 冷静下来

She was very sad, would you please calm her down?

6.have got to

have got to (had got to ) 必须，不得不

(1) have got to 是have to 的口语形式

You haven’t got to change at London Station.

(2) have got to 的否定形式只有一种：haven’t got to

疑问式也只有一种形式：Have you got to…?

(3) have got to 不同于have got,

have got 意为“有” eg. I have got a pen.

7.concern v.&n.

(1)vt.使担心，使不安（通常用被动语态）；涉及；关系到

be concerned about 关心；挂念

a s far as … be concerned 就……而言

concern oneself with 从事/参与……

She is concerned about her son’s future.

(2)n.关心；关注；（利害）关系

show/express one’s concern for sth. 对……表示关心

It’s no concern of mine.=It’s none of my business.这不关我的事。

8．loose adj.

(1)松开的，自由的，无束缚的

I have one hand loose but the other is tied. 我的一只手没捆着，另一只手却被捆绑着。This dog must not be left loose. 这只狗一定得拴住。

(2)松的，松动的，不紧的，宽松的;

a loose button 快掉的扣子the loose soil 疏松的土壤a loose sweater宽松的套衫

(1) to experience 经历；遭受或忍受;

I’d hate to go through such a terrible ordeal again.我不想再受这种痛苦的经验。

(2)仔细检查

I went through your homework last night .

I went through all my pockets but I couldn’t find my wallet.所有的袋子我都找遍，就是找不到我的皮夹。

(3)经过;穿过

Go through the gate and you will get there.

穿过大门你就会到达那里。

(4)用完；耗尽

The boys went through the milk.那些男孩把牛奶都喝光了。

和go相关的短语：

go ahead向前，进行；走吧；吃吧；喝吧

go after追逐；追求

go along进展，相处

go against违反，违背

go away走开；滚开

go by过去；经过

go on继续下降；

go down下沉

go over仔细查看，查阅

go in for爱好；从事；致力于

go wrong出错；出故障

10. hide away hide--- hid--- hidden

(1)vi 躲藏

eg: The thief hid away in a friend’s house for several weeks after the robbery .

那个盗贼行窃后在朋友家躲藏了几个星期.

(2)vt 隐瞒

eg: Why do you hide your thoughts (away )from me ?

你为什么对我隐瞒你的想法呢?

11.set down

(1)set down =write down放下,搁下,使坐下,写下,记下.

eg:He was asked to set down the facts just as he remembered them .

I set down the note immediately.

与set有关的词组

set about(doing)sth.=set out to do sth. 着手干某事

set aside 留出；不顾；存储

set off 出发；动身（前往）

set an example to 树立榜样

12.series n.连续,系列,一连串(单复同形)

a series of 一连串的；一系列的

a series of exams 一连串的考试

a TV series 一部电视连续剧

A series of lectures on language is prepared by Mr Stone.

There is a television series on this channel every night.

There has been a series of car accidents at the crossing.

13. outdoors

adv. 在(向)户外,在(向)野外,其反义词为indoors

eg: Children usually prefer playing outdoors .

n. 户外, 野外, 其前常加定冠词the,构成the outdoors 户外

I love to be in the great outdoors.

【拓展】outdoor户外的；露天的；野外的（反义词为indoor）

an outdoor sport/game 一项户外运动

indoor adj. 屋内的,室内的(置于n.之前)

indoor flowers 室内花卉.

14. purpose n.目的,意图

【拓展】carry out the purpose实现目标

cover one’s true purpose掩盖真实意图

on purpose =by design故意地;为了要…而特地

He broke the window on purpose. 他故意打坏窗户。

for the purpose of 为了…目的

with the purpose of doing sth 怀有…目的;目的在于

15. in order to 为了

She arrived early in order to get a good seat.

她到得很早,图的是得个好位置.

In order that+句子

与so as to 的区别:so as to 一般只放在句中不放句首，而in order to 句中句首都可以出现16. happen vi.发生；碰巧；偶然遇到

(1)（事故、意外）发生

What time did the accident happen? 这件事故是什么时候发生的？

sth. happen to sb.

(2) 碰巧

sb. happen to do sth. 某人碰巧做某事

I happen to meet him in the street just now. 我刚刚碰巧在大街上遇见他。

17. Entirely adv 完全地(completely, totally)

eg: Although they are twins,they look entirely different.

他们虽然是孪生子,但是相貌却完全不同.

I`m not entirely happy with that idea .我对那个主意十分满意.

18. face to face 面对面地

The two politicians were brought face to face in a TV interview.

这两位从政者曾在一次电视采访中面对面.

【拓展】come face to face with sb.=meet sb. face to face 与某人碰面.

shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩=side by side

hand in hand 手牵手

heart to heart 心贴心

back to back 背靠背地

arm in arm 手拉手地

19. No longer/ not….any longer 不再

（no longer 通常位于实义动词之前或系动词、助动词等之后）

He no longer needs the bike ./ he does not need the bike any more.

He is no longer living here. / he is not living here any more.

20. settle vt.&vi.

(1)vi.安家，定居，停留settle down 安居下来

He settled in American.

(2)vt.解决，决定

You should settle the problems. 你应该把这些问题解决了。

21. suffer vt.&vi. 遭受(痛苦、损害、不愉快的事)；忍受；

(1) vt.遭受；蒙受其后常接pain, loss, defeat, poverty, hunger, punishment, hardship, damage等名词作宾语

(2)vi.后常接from,表示“受……折磨；受……之苦；患某种疾病”

(3)suffering n. [U]痛苦；苦难[pl.]痛苦；苦恼

用suffer的适当形式填空

(1)Helen Keller a strange sickness when she was only nineteen years old.

(2)They a narrow defeat on Sunday, losing the match by a score of 3-4.

(3)It is miserable to see those patients from poverty and disease.

22. recover : 痊愈，恢复，重新获得

The global economy began to recover earlier this year.

23. get/be tired of sth 对·····厌烦/厌倦

I am tired of hearing about politics.我讨厌听到关于政治的话题。

24. pack

(1)n. 小包；包裹

Give me my pack.

(2)vt. 捆扎，包装，打包

I'll pack some food

固定词组: pack sth up 将···装箱打包pack their luggage up

25. get along with

(1)与····相处=get on well with

I found it hard to get along with other boys.

我发现很难与其他男孩相处。

(2)进展

How is he getting along with his English ?

他的英语学得怎样？

26. disagree v.不同意

固定搭配:disagree with sth /sb 反对某事、某人

disagree on / abut sth 在某方面有分歧

disagree with sb on/about sth在某方面与某人有分歧

I disagree with you 我不同意你的看法

I disagree with any cruelty to animals 我反对虐待动物

Unit2 English around the world 知识清单

1. native n.&adj.

(1)n.本地人，本国人

a native of Germany出生于希腊的人

He is a native of Beijing. 他是北京人。

(2)adj.本国的，本地的，仅作前置定语

one’s native land祖国one’s native language母语

与to连用时，表示“本地产的”

Banana is native to Taiwan. 香蕉是的土特产。

2.request n.&vt,要求;请求;需要

(1)n. “请求、申请所需之物”

at one’s request=at the request of sb.(request不可数)

We came at your request. 我们应你的请求而来。

(2)vt. 要求，请求

request sth.请求某物

request sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事

He requests his mother to buy a toy for him. 他请求妈妈给他买个玩具。

request sth. from sb.=request sth. of sb. 向某人请求某事

You may go and request help from/of your brother. 你应该去请你的兄弟帮忙。

request that sb. (should) do sth 要求某人做某事

I request that he should help me. 我要求他帮帮我。

3. command

(1) n. 命令，指令，控制，掌握

He has a good command of French. 他的法语很好。

短语：

be in command of sb. 在某人的控制之下

under sb.’s command 在某人的指挥之下

take command of 开始控制

at sb.’s command 听从某人吩咐；运用自如

have a good command of 精通

(2) vt.指挥，命令，指令

sb. To do sth.

command

that sb. (should) do sth.

The teacher commanded that he (should) go out of the classroom. 老师命令他离开教室。

4. present n. 现在；礼物；

adj. 现在的；出席的

vt. 提出；介绍；呈现；赠送

vi. 举瞄准

根据语境猜词义

(1)There were 200 people present at the meeting.

(2)Levels of population present in the atmosphere are increasing.

(3)What can get him foe a birthday present?

(4)You’ve got to forget the past and start living in the present.

(5)He has presented all he has to the students who are too poor to go to college.

(6)Are you presenting your paper at the conference?

(7)She used to present a gardening program on TV.

presence n. 在场；出席

at present= at the present time 目前

for the present 暂时

make a present of sth to sb = make sb. a present of sth. 向某人赠送某物

be present at 出席；参加

present sb. with sth.=present sth. to sb. 向某人捐赠某物

5. come up 走近，走向前去；升起；提出

(1)A child came up to me and showed me the way to the station.

(2)The sky was dark blue and clear when the moon came up.

(3)Your question came up at the meeting.

come up with 提出；拿出；想出；产生；发现（解决问题的办法，答案等）

She came up with a funny idea. 他想出了一个有趣的想法。

come along 到达；一起来；过来

come about 发生

come from 来自于

come out 出版；开花

come over 过来；克服

come on 加油；跟我来；进行，进展

come true （梦想）成真

用come相关短语填空

The other day when I was walking in the street, I Wang Lei, an old friend of mine. She told me a story o f her brother’s. He once saw a dog a boy, which made the boy die of a disease related to a dog disease. At that time, he the idea to learn medicine and find a cure for the disease. In the next 10 years, he a lot of difficulties and his dream finally . Last month, his experiment for the drug very successful and it was predicted that the number of people who can benefit from his research will 1.000,000 a year.

6. such

a/an + adj. +可数名词

such + that... 如此……以致……

adj. + 不可数名词/复数名词

他是一个如此优秀的学生以至于很多同学都喜欢与他做朋友。

+adj.+a/an+单数名词

so +that... 如此……以致……

+adj./adv.

他是一个如此优秀的学生，以致很多同学都喜欢与他做朋友。

【拓展】such as, for example, like 表示“例如；比如”

(1) such as 用来列举同类的人或事，放在被列举的事物前。

My mother bought many fruits, such as, apples, pears, peaches and strawberries.

(2) for example 列举同类人或事物中的“一个”。在句中位置较灵活，可位于句首、句中或句尾。

Boys like football very much. Tom, for example, is a football fan.

(3)like 引导的介词短语在句中作插入语。作“诸如，例如”解，相当于such as 的意思。

There are many things to eat, such as,/like oranges, apples and peaches.

用such as, for example,like 填空

(1)Some students, John, lives in the neighborhood.

(2)Many great men Lincoln and Edison have risen from poverty.

(3)I visited several cities New York, Chicago and Boston.

(4)He knows three foreign languages, English, French and Japanese.

7. recognize vt.&vi. 辨认出；识别出

recognizable adj. 可辨认的

recognition n. 认出；辨认；认可

recognize sb./sth. by/from 根据……认出某人

I recognized him by his red cap. 我根据她的红色帽子认出了她。

recognize sb. as/to be 认为……是……

I recognized her to be a good English learner. 我认为她是一个好的英语学习者。

beyond one’s recognition = out of one’s recognition 认不出；面目全非

It’s recognized that... 人们公认为……

辨析：recognize, know, realize

①recognize 不用于进行时

②recognize 不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。

不能说：I have recognized him for a long time.

可以说：I have known him for a long time.

③realize 意为“意识到”，强调在经过一个过程后的完全了解。

④recognize 指原来很熟悉，经过一段时间的间隔或离别后又重新认出来，瞬间动词。

⑤know “知道；认识；了解”，指互相间十分熟悉、了解，延续性动词。

(2)I’ve Tom for years.

(3)I him as soon as he came into the room.

8. base

(1) n. 基地，根据地；底部。常指工业或军事基地

a naval base 海军基地

an air base 空军基地

a base camp 基地营地

(2) v. 把……建立在……的基础上；把基地设在……

base on/ upon 根据；基于

be based on/ upon 以……为根据

This film is based on a true story. 这部电影是以一个真实的故事为根据的。

(3) be based in/at... 安置在……

Most of our staff are based in Cairo. 我们大部分工作人员都住在开罗。

【拓展】

(1) basis n. 根据，基础。（往往是指抽象的东西，比如讨论、推断所依照的根据）

常用的搭配：on the basis of 以……为基础

We wanted to bottom our plan on a solid basis.

我们想把我们的计划建立在一个牢固的基础上。

(2) basic adj.基本的n. 基础；要素

Access to justice is a basic right. 享有公正是一种基本权利。

9. make use of 利用

make full use of 充分利用

make good use of 好好利用，合理利用

make the best use of 尽量利用

make little use of 没有很好地利用

10. expression n. （感情、思想、想法的）表达，表现；表情；词句

wear a delighted/sad expression 带着愉快/悲伤的表情

words and expressions 单词和习惯用语

beyond/past expression 无法形容地

11. play a part in=play a role in 在……中担任角色；在……中起作用

play the leading role 起主要作用

电脑在我们的日常生活中起了重要的作用。

12. believe it or not 信不信由你（插入语）

generally speaking 一般说来

frankly speaking 坦白说

to tell you the truth = to be frank/to be honest 老实说

what’s worse 更糟糕的是

what’s more 而且

13. communicate vt.传达，传送（新闻、意见、感情等）；传染（疾病）；传送；沟通，交流

communicate with sb. 与某人沟通；通话

communicate in 用...语言沟通

【拓展】

(1) communication n. 通讯，通信；交流

mass communication 大众传播; 大众传媒;

human communication 人际交往

(2)communicative adj. 爱说话的；直言不讳的；传达（通讯）的

communicative competence交际能力

communicative function交际功能，交际职能

重点单词（观察词性的变化）

1. official adj. 官方的；正式的；公务的-----office n. 办公室----officer n.

2. base vt.以……为根据n. 基地；基础----basic adj. 基本的；基础的

3. gradual adj. 逐渐的，逐步的-----gradually adv. 逐渐地；逐步地

4. identity n. 本身；本体；身份----identical adj. 相同的；一样的----identify v.确定；认出；

5. fluent adj. 流利的；流畅的----fluently adv. 流利地；流畅地----fluency n.流利，流畅

6. frequent adj. 频繁的；常见的----frequently adv. 常常；频繁地----frequency n. 频率；频度

7. usage n. 使用；用法；词语惯用法----useful adj. 有用的----use n.&v. 使用，利用

8. command n.&vt. 命令；指令；掌握----commander n. 指挥员，司令员

9. expression n. 词语；表示；表达---express v.表达----expressive adj.富于表情的；有表现力的

10.recognize v.辨认出；承认；公认----recognizable adj. 容易认出的；易于识别的-----

recognition n. 认出；认识；识别

Unit 3 Travel Journal

知识清单

1.prefer vt.更喜欢；选择某事物（而不选择其他事物）

(1) prefer sth. to sth. 喜欢……而不喜欢……

I prefer vegetables to meat. 我喜欢蔬菜不喜欢肉。

(2) prefer doing to doing 宁愿……而不愿……

I prefer playing basketball to playing football. 我宁愿打篮球也不踢足球。

prefer sb. to do sth. 更喜欢某人做某事

would do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做……而不愿做……

would rather do sth. than do sth.

我宁愿去网吧玩也不愿回学校。

preferable adj. 较合适的；更可取的

preference n. 偏爱；爱好

2.persuade vt.说服；劝说

(1) persuade sb. to do sth. = persuade/talk sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事

persuade sb. not to do sth.= persuade/talk sb. out of doing sth. 说服某人不做某事

(2) persuade sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事

persuade sb. That... 使某人相信……

(3) try to persuade sb. to do sth. = advise sb. to do sth. 尽力劝说某人做某事（但未必说服）3.determine vt.&vi.决定；下定决心

(1) be determined to do sth. = make up one’s mind to do sth. 下定决心做某事

(2) determined adj. 决心的

a determined look 坚决的表情

(3) determination n. 决心

a man of great determination 一个意志坚强的人

He is a man of determination. 他是一个意志坚强的人。

4.give in 屈服，让步，投降；上交

He had to give in to my views. 他只好顺从了我的意见。

It’s time you gave in your papers. 到你交论文的时候了。

give in(to sb./sth.) 向……让步

give up sth./doing 放弃（做）某事

give away 赠送；泄露

give back 归还；恢复

give off 放出，散发（光、热、烟、气味等）

give over 交付

give out vt. 分配；分发；发布vi.（食物，燃料，电力等）用光；筋疲力尽

5. change one’s mind 改变主意

Maybe they’ll think and change their minds. 也许他们愿意好好想想并改变主意。

【归纳】

make up one’s mind 下定决心；决定

bear/keep...in mind 记住，记在心里

call/bring...to mind 回忆起

fix one’s mind on/ upon 将注意力集中于……

read one’s mind 看出某人的心思

我已经下定决心要好好学习。

（1）结构：It is / was + 被强调部分+that / who + 其余部分

（2）强调句中it 不能更换，is / was 与“其余部分”的时态一致，故不受被强调部分单复数的影响；被强调部分可以是除谓语以外的任何部分，被强调部分是人的，可以用that 或who, 其他则一律用that。

E.g. I met him in the street last night. 我昨天在街上看见他。

It is I that/who met him in the street last night. （强调主语）

It is him that/who I met in the street last night. （强调宾语）

It is in the street that I met him last night. （强调地点状语）

It is last night that I met him in the street. （强调实践状语）

（3）特殊疑问句的强调句式：疑问词+is / was + it + that + 句子其余部分

What is it that Joe has found in the bathroom?

乔在洗手间发现了什么？

2.倍数的表达方法

倍数+比较级+than

倍数+as+adj./adv. + as

倍数+ the size/length/depth/width/height/amount + of

倍数+what-clause

前三个句型可以相互转换，转换时需要注意倍数的增减：“比……大三倍”，即“是……的四倍大”；“是……的三倍长”即“比……长两倍”

这条街是那条街的三倍长。

This street is three times as long as that one.

This street is three times the length of that one.

This street is twice longer than that one.

Unit 4 Earthquakes

1、burst vi. 爆裂，爆发

That balloon will burst if you blow it up any more.

你再给那气球充气，它就要爆炸了。

The disease burst after they drunk the water.

他们喝过水后疾病就爆发了。

n. [c] 突然破裂；爆发

There is a burst of laughter in the room. 房间里爆发出一阵笑声。

搭配：burst into+n=burst out doing sth. 突然……起来

burst into tears = burst out crying 突然大哭起来

burst into laughter=burst out laughing 放声大笑

【拓展】burst forth 突然出现burst into闯入

burst out 冒出burst upon 突然出现

burst with 充满 a burst of anger 勃然大怒

burst open突然开了

2、ruin n.[U] 毁坏；毁灭；灭亡n.[C] 倒塌的建筑物，废墟

The war brought ruin to the country.战争给这个国家带来了毁灭。

Did you see the ruins of the bombed-out office block?

你见过被炸毁的办公楼的废墟吗？

The castle now lies in ruins. 现在这座城堡已成为一片废墟了。

注意：ruin表示“废墟，遗迹”，常用复数，常构成短语in ruins, 意为“严重受损，破败不堪”，强调状态，常用作表语或状语。

She poured water all over the painting and ruined it.

【拓展】be in ruins 呈一片废墟come to ruin毁灭，落空

fall into ruin 成为废墟go to ruin毁灭

bring sth. to ruin使某物毁灭ruin oneself自我毁灭

bring sb. to ruin使某人破产ruin one’s hopes使某人的希望破灭

3、injure vt. 损害、伤害；使受伤

Liu Xiang injured one of his feet in a training accident.

刘翔在一次训练事故中伤了一只脚。

【拓展】injury n. 伤害，损伤

injured adj. 受伤的

the injured 受伤的人；伤员（表示一类人，用复数谓语）

辨析：injure/hurt/wound/harm

(1)hurt普通用语,既可指肉体上的伤害,也可指精神上、感情上的伤害。如:

The driver hurt himself badly in the accident. 那位司机在这次事故中伤得很重。

She hurt her leg when she fell. 她跌倒时,一条腿受了伤。

He felt hurt at your words. 你的话使他很难过。

I’m sorry I didn’t mean to hurt you.对不起，我并不是故意伤害你的感情的。

(2)injure比hurt正式,hurt 多指伤痛。而injure则指损害健康、成就、容貌等,强调功能的损失。如:

A bullet injured his left eye. 一颗子弹伤了他的左眼。

Drinking can injure one's health. 喝酒对人的健康有害。

I hope I didn't injure her feelings. 我希望没有伤害她的感情

(3)harm用于肉体或精神上的伤害均可,有时可指引起不安或不便。还可用于抽象事物,尤其是指不道德的事情。如:

Don't harm your eyes by reading in dim light. 不要在昏暗的灯光下看书,以免损害眼睛。I have never harmed anybody.我从未伤害过任何人。

There was a fire in our street, but no one was harmed. 我们街里曾发生过火灾,但没人受伤。

(4)wound 指伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤,是出血的、严重的伤,特指战场上的受伤。它可以指肉体上的伤害。也可比喻指人们精神上的创伤。如:

The bullet wounded his arm. 子弹打伤了他的一只胳膊。

The robber wounded him with a knife.那个强盗用刀刺伤了他。

You have wounded his pride.你伤害了他的自尊心

4、wonder

about/at

wonder + to do sth.

从句

I don’t wonder you were anxious about their safety. 你为他们的安全着急，我并不感到奇怪。Sometimes I wonder about his behaviors. 有时我对他的行为感到惊讶。

I was wondering where to spend the weekend. 我不知道到哪儿去度过周末。

(2 )n. 惊叹，惊奇，诧异

They were filled with wonder. 他们极为吃惊。

n.奇观，奇迹；奇事，奇才

The Great Wall of China is one of the wonders in the world. 中国的长城是世界奇观之一。

【拓展】It’s No/Small/Little wonder that… ……并不奇怪/不足为奇.

It’s a wonder (that)…令人惊奇的是……= No wonder (that)

---Tom often works deep into the night every day.

---No wonder he always gets first in the exams.

do/work wonders 创造奇迹

in wonder 惊奇地

5、think little/nothing of 以为……没什么了不起；对……满不在乎；轻视；忽视

I gave him some good advice, but he think little of it. 我给他提了些好的建议，但他根本不理会。【拓展】think highly/much of 重视；对……高度评价

Mr. Zhang thinks much of his work, but thinks little of money.

张先生重视工作，轻视金钱。

As a young teacher, he is well thought of.

作为一名年轻的老师，他受到高度评价。

6、a number of 许多，大量

A great number of students find it hard to find an acceptable job after

graduation. 许多学生发现毕业以后找到一份合适的工作不容易。

【拓展】表示“许多”“若干”的短语:

a large/great/good/number of

a great/good/many

a good few/quite a few

many a /an+ 单数可数名词

a great/good deal of

a great/large amount of

quite a little

a lot of/lots of

a great/large quantity of

large quantities of

plenty of

7、结束；终结

The hot days are at last at an end. 炎热的夏天终于结束了。

The war was at an end. 战争结束了。

They put the war to an end. 他们结束了战争。

【拓展】

at the end of 在……的末端

by the end of 到……末为止；在……结束时（后面接表时间或事件的名词，构成介词短语，作时间状语）

in the end 最后，终于（介词短语，作时间状语）

8、trap

vt. (1) 困住, 使陷于困境如:

There’s no way out! We’re t rapped!

Julia felt trapped in her role of wife and mother.

(2)诱骗, 诱使(trap sb into doing sth)”; 夹住, 压扁; 把……储存

Take care not to trap your fingers in the door.

He trapped me into telling a lie.

n.意为“圈套; 陷阱；计谋”, 构成的常见短语有：

set a trap 设置陷阱fall/walk into a trap 落入圈套

lay a trap for 为…设下圈套fall into the trap of doing sth 做某事不明智

keep your trap shut 不把……说出去, 不泄密

9、bury vt. 掩埋；埋葬，隐藏

The dog buried the bone in the ground.

I buried myself in my studies.

bury oneself in= be buried in 埋头于、专心于

be buried in thought 出神深思

bury oneself in study 埋头研究

I'm buried in books these days since the finals are coming.

Unit5 Nelson Mendela

1.quality n. ［U,C］质，质量，品质；特性（既可用于描述物品，也用于描述人物）

［C］性质；特性；特点

Modesty is one of his good qualities. 谦虚是他的美德之一。

One quality of wood is that it can burn. 木料的一个特点是能燃烧。

常用结构：high quality 优质poor quality 劣质

Wine of high quality costs more than that of poor quality. 优质的葡萄酒比劣质的葡萄酒价格要高。quality/quantity quality 质，质量quantity 数量；大量

For study, quality often matters more than quantity. 就学习而言，质量往往比数

量更重要。

2.devote vt.献身；专心于

常用结构：devote oneself to (doing) sth. 专心于某事

He devoted all his life to China’s education. 他的一生都奉献给了中国的航空事业。

He’s devoted his whole life to the protection of the rare animals. 他终生献身于保护珍稀动物。He is devoted to helping the poor. 他致力于帮助穷困的。

【拓展】类似于devote ... to ... 的结构中to为介词的词组还有：

object to 反对attend to 办理；照顾；注意听

look forward to 期待；盼望be opposed to 反对

devote ... to 贡献给……stick to 坚持

lead to 导致pay attention to 注意到

be related to 与……有关see to 务必做到；负责……

refer to 提到；指的是turn to 翻到；求助于

3、equal adj.相同的；平等的vt.等于，比得上n.同等/相等的人或物

He asked us to cut the apple into three equal pieces. 他让我们把苹果切成三等份。

None of us can equal her in intelligence. 我们中没人能在智力方面比得上她。

常用结构：be equal to sth./doing sth.胜任某事/ 做某事

Are you equal to (doing) the task?你能胜任这项工作吗？

A equals

B A等于B

without equal/have no equal 无与伦比/无比

Yao Ming is a basketball player without equal in China.

在中国，姚明是个无与伦比的篮球运动员。

4、reward n.报答；酬金（为某些特殊服务提供或给予的金钱）

vt.酬谢，奖赏；报应；惩罚（坏人或坏事）

常用结构：as a reward (for) 作为（对某事的）报酬（或奖赏）

give/ offer a reward to sb. for sth. 为某事而给某人报酬

in reward for 为酬答……；作为奖励……

reward sb.(with ...)for sth. 为某事（而以……）报答……

5.out of work 失业

Jim has been out of work for several months. 吉姆已经失业几个月了。

Mary’s cell phone has been out of work for several days, which brought her a lot of inconvenience. 玛丽的手机坏了好几天了，这给她带来了很多不便。

【拓展】in work有工作out of breath上气不接下气

out of patience 不耐烦out of use 没用了

out of date过时out of order次序颠倒；出故障

out of control失控out of danger脱离危险

out of shape变形Out of sight, out of mind.眼不见, 心不烦。

6、as a matter of fact 事实上

【拓展】as a matter of fact=in fact/actually/in reality/to tell the truth 实际上；

事实

to make matters worse 让事情更糟糕的是

7.blow up vi.爆炸；突然严峻；大发雷霆vt. 炸毁；给……充气；放大（照片）

My father blew up when I didn't come home last night. 我昨晚没回家，父亲大发雷霆。

Stop at the gas station and we'll blow up the tyres. 在加油站停一下，我们要给轮胎打气。

【拓展】blow away刮走，吹走blow down(风) 刮倒

blow off 吹掉；将（热水、蒸汽等）放出blow out 吹熄；（电线）烧断

blow over (暴风雨等)吹散，刮倒；（坏天气）大风平息

8.in trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中

Please telephone us when you are in trouble. 遇到困难时就给我们打电话。

【拓展】have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难。其中的介词in 在口语中通常可省略。9.turn to 求助于；依赖；翻到；询问

We have to turn to some bigger companies for technical help. 我们不得不向一

些更大的公司寻求技术援助。

【拓展】turn against背叛turn down（音量）关小；拒绝turn in上交

turn ...into ...(使……)成为……turn off关掉(水源、煤气、电灯等)；避开(问题等)

turn on打开(水、煤气、电灯、无线电等)

turn over(使)打翻/翻身/翻动/翻耕(土地)/转危为安

turn up开大；出现；找到by turns轮流；交替

in turn依次；轮流turn out证明是；结果是

Nobody will turn against his country. 没有人会背叛自己的国家。

Please turn down the television. 请把电视机的音量调小点儿。

He turned down my suggestion without hesitation. 他毫不犹豫地拒绝了我的建议。

The child picked up a purse and turned it in to the policeman.

那个孩子捡到了一个钱包，然后把它交给了。

The farmers are turning waste land into rice fields. 农民们正把荒地变成肥沃的田

地。

Don't forget to turn all the lights off before you go to bed.

在你上床之前，不要忘记把所有的灯都关上。

The man turned over and went to sleep again when the telephone rang.

当电话铃响的时候，那个人翻了个身，又睡着了。

10.lose heart 丧失勇气或信心

He failed many times, but he didn’t lose heart. 他失败了许多次，但他并没有失去信心。

No matter what you do, never lose heart. 不管你做什么，千万不要失去信心。

lose one’s job失业lose one’s balance失去平衡

lose one’s breath上气不接下气lose one’s heart (to sb./sth.)爱上

lose one’s life丧生; 遇害lose face丢脸; 受屈辱

lose hope失去希望