导学案 语法

 高一英语必修4导学案 编号： 班级： 姓名： 学习小组： 层级编码： 组内评价： 教师评价：认真程度 书写 主备人：李亚俊 审核：戴均荣 包科领导： 年级组长： 使用时间：5月 Unit 1 women of achievements语法 学习目标：1、主动疯狂朗读课文，注意含有集合名词做主语的句子。 2、学习掌握主谓一致的用法，提高语言的运用能力。 3、积极讨论，合作探究，主动展示，大胆质疑，总结用法，达到活学活用。 4、激情投入，全力以赴，挑战自我，享受学习的快乐。 学习重点：熟练掌握并正确运用主谓一致的用法。 学习难点：在交流、表达中正确运用该语法。 使用说明：课前预习：1.课本p5 和创新方案p7 ,熟记主谓一致的要点。 2.认真书写，规范完成。 3. 30分钟预习完语法内容并且10分钟完成导学案 正课: 1). 15分钟讨论展示. 2). 10分钟点评. 3). 5分钟教师点拨疑难. 4).15分钟的当堂检测 自主学习： 主谓一致是指__________________________________________________________________. 主谓一致一般要遵循三种原则：_______________________、 ____________________ 、_________________。 一． 语法一致原则 定义：______________________________________________________________________ 1. The performance was very funny. 2. Hard work is fundamental to success. 3. To start smoking is quite easy, but to give it up needs courage. 4. Reading aloud benefits us in learning English. 5. Whether we will climb the hill tomorrow depends on the weather. 朗读以上的句子，并观察总结 (一)总结：单数名词、不可数名词、单个动词不定式短语。动名词短语以及句子做主语时，谓语动词要用 ________（单数/复数）形式。 1. Many animals are dying out every day. 2. A young man and a girl want to go there 3. What I think and what I seek have been fairly reflected in my paper. 总结：复数名词、用and或者both…and连接的动词不定式短语、动名词短语以及主语从句做主语时，谓语动词要用____________形式。 *The singer and writer is famous to everyone. *A pen and book is what I need. *A needle(针）and thread(线）was found on the floor. 注意：如果意义上指同一个人、同一件事或同一概念时，谓动要用_____形式。 1. What I bought yesterday was a dictionary. 2. what they need are plenty of food and water. 3. what he bought were three CDs. （看以上两个句子）注意：在引导的主语从句中，如果表语是单数或者不可数名词，则谓语动词用____________形式，如果表语是复数，谓语动词用_____________形式。 （二）复数名词 1. 凡是由each…and each…, every…and every…, no…and no…,many a… and many a…连接名词做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 1) Each pen and each paper ______(be) found in its place.

2) Every boy and girl ______(be) treated in the same way. 3) Many a boy and many a girl ______(have) seen it. 比较：The old teachers and the young each have their own advantages. 注意：复数主语与each连用时，应不受each的影响，谓语动词仍用________形式。 2. 主语+介词（短语）with, except, as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, over, besides, together with, like, including, in addition to等连接的是名词时，谓语以介词前的主语为准，不受介词后的名词的影响。（请自己造句）a_______________________________________________________________- b___________________________________________________c___________________________________ 3. 不定代词either, each, one, another, anyone, anybody, no one, nobody, someone, somebody, anything, nothing, something, everything, everyone, everybody, neither 等作主语时，谓语动词用单数；none时谓语单复数均可。 4. 当“a pair of/ a form of/ a type of / a kind of / one of / a series of / a species of +名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词要用 单数形式。但如果这些表示量的名词变为复数时，谓语动词要用 复数形式。 This kind of books ______(be) very popular to students. This pair of shoes _____ (fit) you well. Species of animals _____ (be) dying out every year. One of those students _______ (have) passed the examination. 5. plenty of, half of, a lot of, lots of, heaps of, loads of, all of, most of, a lot of, some of, the rest of, the majority of 等 + 名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式应与名词的单复数一致。如： 1）Half of this building ____ (be) to be completed by spring. 2）Half of the buildings _____________ (be) painted completely. 3）There _____ (be) plenty of food in the fridge. 4）There ______ (be) plenty of eggs in the box. 5）There _____ (be) loads of milk on the farm. 6）There _______ (be) loads of big red apples on the ground. 7）None of the books ___________ (satisfy) the students. 8）None of this meat ____ (be) fit to eat. 9）All of the research work ____________ (design) by the chief engineer. 10）All of the students ______ (be) against the plan for an outing at this time of the term. 11) The majority of students ___________ (have) mobile phones today. 12) The majority of the food _______ (be) spicy. 6. 1）More than one student has passed the examination. 2）Many a boy learns to swim before he can read. 3) More than two hundred students have attended the lecture. 发现：由more than one 或many a + 单数名词作主语，谓语动词要用_______形式。如果more than后面是复数名词，则谓语动词要用_______形式。 7.由“a quantity of 或者 an amount of +名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式; 而由“quantities of或者amounts of +名词” 作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 1）Great quantities of milk _____________ (need) in this city. 2）There ____ (be)a large quantity of milk. 3). Large amounts of food _____________ (need) in the disaster area. 8. 如果名词词组中心词是“分数或百分数 + of + 名词”，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于of后的名词或代词的单、复数形式。例如： 1）Over 70 percent of the earth _____ (be) covered by water.. 1

高一英语必修4导学案 编号： 班级： 姓名： 学习小组： 层级编码： 组内评价： 教师评价：认真程度 书写

2）Two-thirds of the people present _____ (be) against the plan. 二、 意义一致原则

定义：______________________________________________________________________ （1）有些集合名词如crowd, family, team, orchestra（管弦乐队）, group, government, committee, class, school, union, firm, staff, public等，它们作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据语言内容而定。如果它们作为一个集体单位时，动词用单数形式，如就其中的各个成员来说，则谓语用复数形式。例如： 1）His family is very big. 2）His family are very well. 3）The public is / are requested not to leave litter in the park.

(2)有的名词如people, police , cattle, clothes, trousers等没有单数形式，作主语时，谓语动词只能用复数形式；而有的名词则是单复数形式相同，如sheep, deer, aircraft, means等，作主语时，就必须根据其意思来确定其谓语的单复数形式。例如：

1）Cattle ____________ (feed) in their family ten years ago..

2）The police _______ (be) searching for a tall dark man with a beard.

(3)有些名词形式上是复数，而意义上却是单数。如news, means, works.还有许多以ics结尾的学科名称，如economics, physics, mechanics, politics等，它们作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。但前有物主代词修饰，指某人的某方面知识时，谓语用复数。例如： 1)The news _______（be） very exciting．

2）Politics _____ (be) a complicated subject. 3）His politics _______ (be) radical(激进的). (4) 1) Twenty miles is a long way to walk.

2) Three pints isn’t enough to get me drunk.

总结：表示重量、度量、衡量、价值的复数名词作主语，谓语动词常用________形式。 (5)国家、单位和书报的名称，作为一个单一的概念，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如： 1）War and Peace is the longest book I’ve read. 2）The United States is a developed country. 三、 就近一致原则

定义：______________________________________________________________________

(1)由连词or, neither„or, either„or, not only „ also, nor等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的单复数形式按就近一致的原则，与贴近它的主语一致。例如： 1) He or you have taken my pen.

2) Either you or he is no telling the truth.

3) Not only the switches but also the old wiring has been changed.

(2)在there be 的结构中，谓语动词的单复数形式一般也采取就近原则。例如： 1)There is a desk and four benches in the office. 2)There are two chairs and a desk in the office.

当堂检测 Choose the right answer for each sentence. 1）The club __________ a bigger room for their meetings.

A. needs B. need C. is needing D. have needed 2）This team __________ a goal this year.

A. hasn’t scored B. haven’t scored C. doesn’t score D. don’t score 3）The audience __________ in a variety of ways, some in suits and dresses, some in jeans.

A. dresses B. dress C. is dressed D. are dressed 4）It is reported that the police __________ the murderer.

A. catch B. catches C. have caught D. has caught 5）The whole family __________ to visit us soon for Christmas.

A. are coming B. is coming C. have come D. has come

6）Martin said neither his wife nor his children __________ come with him to the exhibition. A. plan to B. is planning to C. plans to D. has plans to 7) Two-thirds of what the chairman said __________ true. A. were B. are C. was D. seem

8) In her essay, she said that the main reason she came to this country __________ its attractions. A. are B. have been C. was D. were

9）Every boy and girl __________ the book and they each __________ to buy one. A. like, wants B. like, want C. likes, want D. likes, wants 高考链接

1. Every possible means _____ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. A. is used B. are used C. has been used D. have been used (2000上海春)

2. As a result of destroying the forest, a large ___ of desert ___ covered the land. (2001上海) A. number, has B. quantity, has C. number, have D. quantity, have

3. He is the only one of the students who _________ a winner of scholarship for three years. A. is B. are C. have been D. has been (2002上海春)

4. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ___________ yet． (2003上海春) A．are not decided B．have not been decided C．is not being decided D．has not been decided

5. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, ______ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.. A was B were C had been D would be

6. She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book ____ 50 million. （04福建） A．have reached B．has reached C．are reaching D．had reached

7. All the employees except the manager ______to work online at home. （04广东） A. encourages B. encourage C. is encouraged D. are encouraged 8. The country life he was used to ______ greatly since 1992. （05山东卷） A. change B. has changed C. changing D. have changed

9. Professor Smith, along with his assistants,______ on the project day and night to meet the deadline. A. work B. working C. is working D. are working

10.Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, ___ in the clothing industry. A．is working B．works C．work D．worked 11. All but one _____ here just now. (87)

A. is B. was C. has been D. were 12. Not only I but also Jane and Mary ____ tired of having one examination after another. ()

A. is B. are C. am D. be 13. A library with five thousand books _______ to the nation as a gift. (90)

A. is offered B. have offered C. are offered D. has offered

C. has not decided D. have not decided

14. The number of people invited ______ fifty, but a number of them ____ absent for different reasons. A. were , was B. was , was C. was , were D. were , were 15. _____ of the land in that district _____ covered with trees and grass. (2000)

A. Two fifth , is B. Two fifth , are C. Two fifths , is D. Two fifths , are

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