1. 简单句的翻译
简单句有四种类型：陈述句、疑问句、感叹句和祈使句。
我们学习翻译的时候，都是从简单句开始，循序渐进，再学习翻译长而难的复杂句。陈述句、疑问句和祈使句相信大家都已掌握，下面我们主要提醒一下平时练习中不常出现的感叹句。
感叹句表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情，如：1）……多好啊！2）好……啊！3）多……啊！4）真……啊！感叹句句末常用“！”，句首多用how 和what, 其余与陈述句结构相同。
how 在感叹句中可修饰形容词、副词、谓语动词等
句型为：how+形容词/副词+陈述部分 例如：他长得真高啊! How tall he is!
我好想你啊！How I miss you!
what 在感叹句中可修饰名词
名词如果是单数可数，它的前面必须用what a(n). 其他单数名词复数名词之前大多用what. 例如：多么好的机会！What an opportunity! (省略结构，句末省去it is。)
2. 重点句型翻译
1. ……是……的多少倍 倍数+as+形容词+as [例如] 这个水库的面积是5年前的2倍。
[翻译] The reservoir is twice as big as it was five years ago.
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2.……比 多/少 多少倍 倍数词+more+名词/形容词+than
[例如] 吸烟对健康的危害极大，每年死于吸烟的人比死于意外事故的人多5倍。
[翻译] Smoking is so harmful to health that it kills five times more people each year than accidents.
3. 和……（不）一样 (not) as /so …as
[例如] 环境问题没有他们在报告中说的那么严重。
[翻译] The environment problems are not as serious as they suggested in the report.
4. 与……一样不…… no more …than
[例如] 一个女学生固然不宜当经理，她也同样不适合。
[翻译] She is no more fit to be a manager than a schoolgirl would be.
5. 没有比……更……的；……是最……的 nothing is more…than [例如] 没有比接受教育等重要的事了。
[翻译] Nothing is more important than to receive education.
6. 感觉、听、看等起来…… 感官动词+of+名词
[例如] 这款香水闻起来有百合的味道，所以很受年轻女性的欢迎。
[翻译] This perfume is very popular among young ladies, as it smells of lilly.
7. 甚至没有…… without / not so much as
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[例如] 出于对丈夫的失望，玛丽离开了家，甚至都没有回头看她一眼。
[翻译] Disappointed with her husband, Jane left home without so much as looking back at him.
8. 不妨/还不如…… may /might as well
[例如] 既然电影票都卖完了，我们不妨在附近散散步。
[翻译] Since the tickets for the movie have been sold out, we may/might as well have a walk around.
9. 太……而不能……；极其地 too…to
[例如] 他们选择在地震多发地区定居，这可不是一个明智的决定。
[翻译] It was not too advisable of them to settle in an area where earthquakes frequently occur.
10. 结果却;没想到会…… only to find/discover/see
[例如] 为了买那只据说能下金币的驴子，他几乎倾家荡产，没想到那驴子根本不会下。 [翻译] He spent all his money to buy the donkey which was said to be able to lay yellow boy, only to find it could not at all.
11. 毫无疑问，…… It us undoubted that/ There is no doubt that [例如] 毫无疑问，如果我们肯认真和谈，就能避免战争。
[翻译] There is not doubt that war can be avoided if we get down to peace talk.
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12. 而不是…… …rather than
[例如] 我们应该集中精力改善自我，而不是追求金钱的享乐。
[翻译] Rather than pursue money to achieve happiness, we should focus on the improvement of ourselves.
13. 直到……才…… not…until
[例如] 直到获得有关当局的批准，我们才能发行那部电影。
[翻译] We can’t release the film until we have the approval from the authority concerned.
14. 如此……以至于…… so/such (…) that
[例如] 在谣言迅速散播的情况下，他们焦虑异常，无法入睡。
[翻译] With the rumor spreading fast, their anxiety was such that they could not sleep.
15. 突然想到 occur to sb.
[例如] 灰姑娘从来没有想到她会成为一位王妃。
[翻译] It had never occurred to Cinderella she would become a princess someday.
16. 不是……而是…… not…but…
[例如] 让我失望的是，这个计划带来的不是进步而使破坏。
[翻译] To our disappointment, the plan caused not development but destruction.
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17.……被认为是令所当然的 It is taken for granted that… [例如] 多年来，人们一直认为女性作家务是理所当然的。
[翻译] It has been taken for granted that women should take on all the housework.
18. 据说 It is/was said that
[例如] 据说人类是生物学上最难归类的物种，因为人类拥有其他天然物种所缺乏的特性。 [翻译] It is said that man is the least biologically determined species of all because he possesses feature absent in other natural species.
19. 提及，当提到……的时候 When it comes to … [例如] 谈到物理学，我一无所知。
[翻译] When it comes to physics, I know nothing.
20. 是个不太好的……/不是很好的…… be not much of a…
[例如] Mike不是个很好的老师，因为它总是从一个话题跳到另一话题。
[翻译] Mike is not much of a teacher for he often skip from one topic to another.
21. 就……而言，在……看来 As far as sb. / sth. is concerned [例如] 在我看来，时尚是属于女性的。
[翻译] As far as I am concerned, fashion belongs to women.
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22. 不但……而且…… not only…but also
[例如] 莎士比亚不但使一位伟大的剧作家，而且是一位才华横溢的诗人。 [翻译] Shakespeare is not only a great playwright but also a brilliant poet.
23. 既不……也不……；或者……或者……(n)either…(n)or
[例如] 他既不喜欢故事情节也不喜欢音乐背景，所以在电影院睡着了。
[翻译] Liking neither the story nor the background music, he fell asleep in the cinema.
24. 刚……就…… no sooner… than; hardly/ scarcely…when [例如] 我们刚坐到桌旁，电话就响了。
[翻译] No sooner had we sat down at the table than the phone rang. We had hardly/scarcely sat down at the table, when the phone rang.
25. 越……越…… the more…the more…
[例如] 一个国家的经济发展得越快，它的人口增长就越慢。
[翻译] The faster a country’s economy develops, the slower its population grows.
3. 复合句的翻译
一． 因果类复合句
1. 因果句
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[中文句型] 因为A, 所以B; 既然A，就B。
[常用结构] because…从句 because of … 短语 …so…, …so that…, for that reason, hence
(1) 我昨天骑车时摔倒了，所以青一块、紫一块的。 I fell off my bike yesterday—hence the bruises. (2) 因为我没发牢骚，人们就以为我心满意足了。
Just because I do not complain people think I am satisfied. (3) 因为他妻子在长，我对此事只字未提。
Because of his wife being there, I said nothing about it. 2. 目的句
[中文句型] A, 以便B; A, 以免B. 图的是…… 为的是…… ……好……
[常用结构]…for…, in order to (that)…, …so as to…, … so that…, …so as not to…, …for fear… (1) 他早早地动身以便按时到达。
He left early in order that he would arrive on time. (2) 我留了张条以便和他联系。
I left a message so as to be sure of contacting him. (3) 我们轻声谈话，以免吵醒婴儿。
We spoke in whisper for fear that we might wake the baby.
3 假设句
[中文句型] 如果A，就B
[常用结构] if…, in the event, on condition that
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(1) 如果有必要，我六点来。
If (it is) necessary, I will come at 6. (2) 万一发生火灾，就拉响警铃。
In the event of fire, ring the alarm bell.
(3) 如果凯文确实一直在外面，打电话找不着他是很正常的。
If Kevin was out all day, then it makes sense that he couldn’t answer the phone.
4. 条件句
[中文句型] 只要A，才B 只要A，就B [常用结构] As long as…, …so long as… (1) 只要及时告诉我，我就会合作。
I will cooperate as ling as I am notified on time.
(2)“只要我们对别的鱼药还不太了解，它们就都是诗。”（阿纳托尔.布鲁瓦亚尔）
“So long as we don’t understand it too well, every other language us poetry.” (Anatole Broyard)
二．并列类复合句
1． 并列句
[中文句型] 即……又……，不是……就是……，…A, 就是说B [常用结构] As well as, and, or, either…or… (1) 编辑和校对者都在加班工作。
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The editor as well as the proofreaders are working overtime. (2) 要么我们现在走，要么我们永远在这呆下去。 Either we go now or we remain here forever. (3) 你的回答是独树一帜就是错了。 Your answer is either ingenious or wrong.
2. 选择句
[中文句型] 或者……或者……，要么……要么……，是……还是……，不是……就是……，与其……不如……
[常用结构] Or would rather do…than do…, not only…but also… 不仅他，而且我，都是学生。 Not only he but also I am students.
三．转折类复合句
1．转折句
[中文句型] A, 但是B, 却… 不过…
[常用结构] at the same time, however, nonetheless, but
2. 让步句
[中文句型] 虽然A，但是B; 即使A,也B; 宁可A,也B；无论A,都B
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[常用结构] No matter what, even if/though, if, rather (1) 他是我的朋友，不过更确切地说，他曾经是我的朋友。 He’s my friend, or rather he was my friend. (2) 我宁可死，也不愿意当奴隶。 I had rather be dead than be a slave.
(3) 他昨天半夜里，更确切地说，今天一清早才回到家。 He got home later last night, or rather early this morning.
3. 假言逆转句
[中文句型] A, 否则B; 如果不……；要不然；除非……否则 [常用结构] Otherwise, if not 抓住机会，否则你要后悔的。
Seize the chance, otherwise you will regret it.
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