2020年高考天津版高考英语 专题十五 阅读表达

专题十五 阅读表达

挖命题 【考情探究】

项目 细节表达 主旨表达 推断表达 猜词表达 卷名 度表达 观点态 考查内容 考法说明 2018天津夏 2018天津春 2017天津夏 2017天津春 2016天津 2015天津 2014天津 2 1 3 2 2 2 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 体裁和题材与传统的阅读理阅读表达是对阅解题没有太大的区别。以细读理解和表达能节表达为主,以猜词表达和力的综合考查 观点态度表达压轴 分析解读 纵观天津近五年高考,可以看出该题型以对细节表达的考查为主,猜词表达和观点态度表达每年一题,推断表达和主旨表达考查较少,即使考查推断表达也是细节推断,而主旨表达主要侧重段落主旨。

【真题典例】

真题再现

Some people live to climb the highest mountains. Some people live only 阅读点拨 dreaming about it while others live to avoid ever climbing at all. But one thing is ．．．．．．．．．．．．．

dream about想象

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certain, all people encounter mountains in their life.

magnificent adj.壮丽的,宏伟的

When I was a little girl, my family moved to a tiny town at the bottom of a big

mysterious adj.神秘的

mountain. One day after school, while exploring the green woods of this magnificent mountain, I almost fell on a set of stairs. What could these steps ．．．．．．．．．．．lead to?Curiosity got the best of me as I knew it would be starting to get dark soon. I started climbing up those strangely mysterious steps. ．．．．．．．．．．

I climbed and climbed. There was nothing but just green bushes and these steps. I had to reach the top!But it was now getting real dark. If I kept going I might not be able to see my way back. My mum would be worried sick if I didnt come home soon. So I ran back home almost in the dark while trying not to get too scared.

Anxiously ．I went ．to bed dreaming about what ．I would ．find at ．the ．top of ．this ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．magical mountain. Could there be a castle up there?Maybe I would find a ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．monster(怪物). Maybe I was ．taking ．the ．risk of never coming back home. Or, ．．．．．．．．．．．．maybe all I would find was absolutely nothing! But something inside me was ．．．．．．．．．．going to climb that mountain at all cost. I could hardly wait to try this adventure ．．．．．．．．．again.

Now we live in a world surrounded by the“cant do”attitudes. We all fall down.We all have doubts and regrets. Still we must climb and dream about whats at the top of our mountain. Monsters may appear or the night will fall. But never ever give up on your dream! Never let anyone tell you, “You cant.”Dream big and climb high!

译文:我急切地躺在床上想象着我会在神奇的山顶发现什么。 分析:现在分词短语dreaming about...作went to bed的伴随状语, what 引导的名词性从句作介词about 的宾语。

take the risk of... 冒……风险 absolutely adv.绝对地, 完全地 at all cost 不惜任何代价

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真题再现

解题指导

1.What made the author start to climb up the stairs to the mountain top?(no more than 5 words)

1.Curiosity made her do so.

Or:The desire to explore. 细节表达题。由第二段最后两句可知,在好奇心的驱使下, “我” 开始爬山。

2.Why did the author hurry back home without reaching the top of the mountain?Give two reasons.(no more than 15 words)

2.Because it was getting dark,and she didnt want her mother to worry about her.

Or:Because she was scared,and might not be able to find her/the way back home. 细节表达题。由第三段最后三句“如果我继续攀登,我可能会看不见回去的路。如果我不能很快回到家,妈妈会极度担心的。因此我几乎是在黑暗中跑回家的,努力不让自己感到太害怕。” 可知答案。

3.How would you describe the author in terms of personalities according to Paragraph

4?(no more than 10 words)

3.She had rich imagination and she was brave.

Or:She was a brave and determined girl with rich imagination. Or:She was imaginative and determined,and she dared to explore.

Or:She was imaginative,adventurous and determined. 推断表达题。由第四段的“我急切地躺在床上想象着我会在神奇的山顶发现什么。那儿会有城堡吗? 或许我会发现一个怪物。或许我在冒着永远回不了家的风险。或许我什么也发现不了! 但是我内心深处的某种东西让我打算不惜任何代价去攀登那座山。我几乎等不及再次冒险”可知答案。

4.How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph?(no more than 5

words)

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4.We all sometimes fail.

Or:We face failure/defeat/hardships/challenges in life. Or:There are difficulties/barriers/obstacles in life. Or:We run into trouble sometimes.

Or:We have trouble in life. 猜词表达题。 由画线句前一句“现在我们生活在一个被‘不能做’ 态度包围着的世界” 和画线句后面两句“我们都有怀疑和遗憾。我们仍然必须攀登并想象山顶有什么。” 可推知,此处应为“生活中我们有时都会面临失败和困难”。

5.Whats your attitude towards the“mountain”in your life?Please explain.(no more than

20 words)

5.I will try to reach my goal because I want to live an exciting life.

Or:I will try to reach/get to the top of the“mountain”because I want to be successful in life. 观点态度表达题。答案见仁见智,但态度必须是积极向上的。我们从文章中学到的应是:无论我们在生活中遇到什么样的困难,都应该积极面对,勇敢地去克服它们,努力实现自己的目标,成就积极的人生。

过专题 【五年高考】

A组 自主命题·天津卷题组

Passage 1(2018天津春)

For many teenagers, a job is a way to earn a little extra money. For me, it is more than that.

At the age of 16, I was offered my very first job as a shopgirl in a clothing store. On the first day, my manager was training me how to fold and organize platform after platform of clothes. The work seemed overwhelming, and everything had to be done in an accurate

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way. I got so impatient because I couldnt get it right the first couple of times. After about ten tries, I had the clothes folded perfectly. Then it took me thirty minutes to get them all looking uniform. Now, I fold and organize clothes every day, and Im able to do them well. Through this experience, Ive learned to be patient.

Helping customers and establishing connections with them is one of the things I love most about my job. About two months ago, I helped a woman who was looking for a dress. She told me exactly what she was picturing—a blue dress with long sleeves and a lace neck. We didnt have any such dress, and when I explained that to her, she wasnt very happy. Instead of getting annoyed, I tried getting to know her a bit better and asked what the dress was for, so I could find other items in her size that could work. We shared our love of the Netflix fashion show, and she ended up buying $200 worth of new clothes, having found other items she liked. This experience has taught me to be more open with strangers.

Every job has its share of frustrations and challenges;to do well you must learn to deal with them. Ive learned this from my own experience, and it has helped me in other aspects of my life as well.

1.What was the authors first job?(no more than 5 words)

2.What is the meaning of the underlined word in Para. 2?(no more than 3 words)

3.How did the author manage to meet the customers needs in Para. 3?(no more than 15 words)

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4.How has the authors work experience changed her in personality?(no more than 10 words)

5.What job would you like to do?How can you help people in your work?(no more than 20 words)

答案

1.Selling clothes.Or:She sold clothes.Or:She worked as a shopgirl. Or:Working in a clothing store. Or:Working as a shopgirl. Or:She was a shopgirl.

2.Huge and difficult. Or:Too much/Beyond me. Or:Difficult/Tough/Hard/Frustrating. Or:Challenging/Demanding. Or:Great in amount.

3.She learned about the customers interest and helped her get the clothes that suited her.Or:By learning about the customers taste and what her dress was for. Or:She helped the customer to get the clothes she liked.

4.It has made her patient and more open with people/strangers.

Or:She is (more) patient and more open with people/strangers.Or:She has become (more) patient and more open with people/strangers. Or:She is more patient and open facing frustrations and challenges.

5.Id like to be a teacher. I can help children acquire knowledge and grow up. Or:Id like to be a doctor so that I can improve peoples health and save their lives. Or:Id like to be a policeman. I can protect people from danger and create a safe living

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environment.

Passage 2(2017天津夏)

In the years of my growing up, Dad was strict with me. He made sure I made my bed and did my homework. He would call in advance to make sure there was no alcohol at the party. I got so angry with him for laying down the law. I would scream, “I hate you!”Dad would yell back, “Good!I dont care!”Deep down I knew he did.

One time at a party, I drank too much alcohol and got so sick. I said, “Call my dad.” Next thing, Dad was carrying me to the car. I woke up the next morning, thinking I would definitely be criticised. As expected, I got a roasting, but I now understand why I needed discipline.

Dad was 29 when he got his big roles in films. I had an early start at the age of nine with a role in a 1990s TV series, but it wasnt until I finished film studies that I pursued my career as an actress. Like those early days for Dad, I faced lots of rejections. Working in such a competitive industry, Ive sometimes thought, “I cant do this any more.”

Once, after a trip to Hollywood, I returned to Australia so depressed and spent months in my bedroom painting, listening to Eckhart Tolles music and trying to find myself again. Dad sat me down and said, “Alice, I know its hard, but its all about persistence(坚持不懈).”

Now I get to work with Dad a lot, which I love. We are both passionate about acting, which comes from us being so interested in people. If it werent for Dad, I wouldnt be where I am today. Hes my biggest fan, and when you have that in your life you can go a long way.

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1.What rules did Alices father set for her when she was growing up?(no more than 15 words)

2.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean?(no more than 5 words)

3.What did Alices father do when she felt depressed?(no more than 5 words)

4.According to the last paragraph, what do Alice and her father have in common?(no more than 10 words)

5.What do you think of Alices father?Please explain.(no more than 20 words)

答案

1.She should make her bed, do her homework and drink no alcohol.Or:Making her bed,doing her homework and drinking no alcohol. 2.I got/was criticised/scolded.

3.He encouraged/comforted/inspired her.

4.They are both passionate about acting and interested in people.

5.He is a good/devoted/caring/loving father because he was strict with his daughter and encouraged her when she was in trouble.

Or:He is always supportive/a source of strength. Whenever she is in trouble, he is there for her.

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Passage 3(2017天津春)

Walter was always sitting in the same chair when I came to visit. He would look up and smile when he saw me and pat the chair next to him for me to sit down. He loved to tell me about his lost golden years when he was an excellent baseball player. I was a good listener. After a couple of hours of talking, I would shake his hand and say goodbye to him. I hoped that I brought a little sunshine into Walters life.

I met Walter when I was a high school student participating in a volunteer program with elderly people in a nursing home. It was the first of many such activities, ranging from playing with disabled children to sitting with cancer patients in a hospital. These activities seemed to satisfy my desire to be useful and to feel a meaningful connection to the lives of others.

My parents inculcated me with a belief that there was no greater human value than kindness, and encouraged me to make helping others and contributing to society important goals in life. Volunteer work provided a way of attempting to realize the truth of these messages.

I learned that volunteerism is not a one-way act of helping someone less fortunate. Involvement in the life of another person has enriched my life as well. Seeing how people deal with the challenges of their lives has taught me valuable lessons in courage and dignity. Many of the people whom I have met as a volunteer are an unforgettable part of my life. Perhaps I received far more than I ever gave.

This is why volunteerism works—each of us has so much need for human connection and so much to give to others.

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1.What did the author do every time he visited Walter? (no more than 10 words)

2.What was the first activity the author got involved in as a volunteer? (no more than 10 words)

3.What is the meaning of the underlined word in Paragraph 3? (1 word)

4.What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? (no more than 10 words)

5.If you are to be a volunteer, what will you do? What can you benefit from the volunteer work? (no more than 20 words)

答案

1.He listened to Walter talking about his lost golden years. Or:He acted as Walters listener.

2.Visiting elderly/old people in a nursing home. Or:He visited elderly/old people in a nursing home.

Or:A volunteer program with elderly people in a nursing home. 3.Taught/Instructed/Educated.

4.The author learned that volunteerism is not a one-way act. Or:The author learned that volunteerism is a two-way act.

Or:The author has benefited a lot from volunteerism/his volunteer work.

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5.I will look after elderly people in a nursing home. I can learn a lot from their past experience.

Or:I will help disabled children. It can satisfy my desire to be useful.

Or:I will sit with cancer patients. I can learn to deal with the challenges of life.

Or:I will be a volunteer to protect the environment. We can live in a better and cleaner world.

Or:I will be a volunteer in an important event. It can broaden my horizons. Passage 4(2016天津)

Im a 34-year-old man, married, live in a nice house, and have a successful career as an educational consultant. But my life was not always so great. I had a learning disability from an early age. I went to a special school where I got plenty of extra help. Still, I suffered the rest of my school days in public schools.

My life improved remarkably when I discovered art. The art world gave me a chance to express myself without words.I went to a workshop and gradually got good at making things with clay(黏土).Here I learned my first important lesson:disabled as I was in language, I could still be smart and well express myself with clay. And my confidence came along.

I got my next lesson from rock climbing. It was a fun thing but I was scared from the start. I soon noticed it wasnt a talent thing; it was practice. So I did it more. After about five years of climbing, I found myself in Yosemite Valley on a big wall. I learned that if you fall in love with something and do it all the time, you will get better at it.

Later I decided to apply my previous experience to learning how to read and write.

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Every day I practiced reading and writing, which I used to avoid as much as possible. After two hard years, I was literate.

Having gone through the long process with art, rock climbing, and reading and writing, now Ive got to a point in my life where I know I am smart enough to dive into an area that is totally unknown, hard, but interesting.

1.What made the authors school days difficult?(No more than 5 words)

2.Why did art give the author confidence?(No more than 10 words)

3.What lesson did the author learn from rock climbing?(No more than 15 words)

4.What is the meaning of the underlined part in Paragraph 4?(No more than 5 words)

5.How does the authors story inspire you to overcome difficulties in life?Put it in your own words.(No more than 20 words)

答案

1.(His) Learning disability. Or:Having a learning disability. Or:That he was learning disabled. Or:He had a learning disability.

2.He could be smart and express himself with clay. Or:Art could help him express himself without words. Or:He could well express himself with clay/art.

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3.If you enjoy something and keep doing it, you will get better at it.Or:The more you practice something, the better at it you will become.Or:Practice makes perfect. Or:Practice leads to success. 4.I could read and write.

5.We should not lose heart in the face of difficulties. If we work hard, we will find a way out. Or:The authors story tells me that I should be confident and practice hard to overcome difficulties in my life.

Or:We should overcome our weaknesses and fears with courage and determination. Passage 5(2015天津)

Six days a week,up and down the red hills of northeast Georgia,my grandfather brought the mail to the folks there.At age 68,he retired from the post office,but he never stopped serving the community.

On his 80th birthday,I sent him a letter,noting the things we all should be thankful for—good health,good friends and good outcomes.By most measurements he was a happy man.Then I suggested it was time for him to slow down.At long last,in a comfortable home,with a generous pension,he should learn to take things easy.

“Thank you for your nice words,”he wrote in his letter back,“and I know what you meant,but slowing down scares me.Life isnt having it made;its getting it made.”

“The finest and happiest years of our lives were not when all the debts were paid,and all difficult experiences had passed,and we had settled into a comfortable home.No.I go back years ago,when we lived in a three-room house,when we got up before daylight and worked till after dark to make ends meet.I rarely had more than four hours of sleep.But

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what I still cant figure out is why I never got tired,never felt better in my life.I guess the answer is,we were fighting for survival,protecting and providing for those we loved.What matters are not the great moments,but the partial victories,the waiting,and even the defeats.Its the journey,not the arrival,that counts.”

The letter ended with a personal request:“Boy,on my next birthday,just tell me to wake up and get going,because I will have one less year to do things—and there are ten million things waiting to be done.”

Christina Rossetti,an English poet,once said:“Does the road wind uphill all the way?Yes,to the very end.”Today,at 96,my grandfather is still on that long road,climbing. 1.What was the authors grandfather before he retired?(no more than 5 words)

2.What did the author advise his grandfather to do in his letter?(no more than 10 words)

3.What is the grandfathers view on life according to his letter back?(no more than 10 words)

4.How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph?(no more than 10 words)

5.Do you agree with the grandfathers view on life?Give reasons in your own words.(no more than 20 words)

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答案

1.He was a postman.

2.He advised him to slow down(and take things easy)./He advised he/his grandfather(should)slow down.

3.The process is more important than the result. Or:A man should not slow down however old he is. Or:Its the journey,not the arrival,that counts.

4.My/His/The grandfather is still busy doing meaningful things. Or:The grandfather is still living an active life.

Or:The grandfather is still involved in whatever he can do.

5.Yes.One should always be full of passion in his life no matter how old he is. Or:Yes.People should make full use of their time to do something meaningful. No.It is more sensible for people to slow down and enjoy an easy life in their old age. Or:No.Slowing down contributes to better health and longer life for people in old age. Passage 6(2014天津)

Last December,Doris Low turned 90.Once a week she still drives to the Canadian National Institute for the Blind(CNIB)in Toronto,where she helps transform literature into braille(盲文)to bring the power of story and knowledge to the hearts and minds of blind readers.She has been volunteering her time and talents to such enterprises for more than 40 years.

After working in the business world for a while,Low got fed up.So she turned to teaching at a technical school and later moved into the library.

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Lows mother liked reading.As her eyes began to fail,Low read to her.Then “hearing an advertisement encouraging people to learn braille,I decided to give it a try.”In 1973,she was certified as a braille transcriber(转译者)and began transcribing books as a volunteer for the CNIB library.

The job was strenuous—she could get to the end of a page,make a mistake on the last line,and have to do the whole thing again.For a number of years,Low also worked in the CNIB sound studio reading books onto tape.Three years ago,she took up proofreading(校对)at the CNIBs word factory.

In April,during Volunteer Week,the CNIB recognized Low for her great contributions.Thanks to volunteers like Low,the CNIB library has got more than 80,000 accessible materials for people unable to read traditional print.“I cant imagine how many readers of all ages have benefited from Doris contribution as a skilled volunteer through her rich voice and her high degree of accuracy in the hundreds of books she has brailled and proofread over the years—and she is still doing so,”said a CNIB official.

“For me,”said Low,“the CNIB is more than just a place to volunteer.Three things matter most in my life:a little play,a little work,a little love.Ive found them all here.” 1.What does Low still do at the age of 90 at the CNIB?(no more than 10 words)

2.Why did Low learn braille?(no more than 15 words)

3.What does the underlined word “strenuous”most probably mean?(1 word)

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4.What are Lows contributions to the CNIB?(no more than 15 words)

5.What do you think of Low?Give your reasons.(no more than 20 words)

答案

1.She helps transform literature into braille(for blind readers/the blind).

2.(Because) Her mothers eyes began to fail and she heard an/the advertisement. 3.Difficult/Hard/Tiring/Tough.

4.She has brailled and proofread hundreds of books,and read books onto tape.

5.Low is kind and helpful because she has devoted much time to transcribing books into braille as a volunteer. Or:Low is a kind-hearted lady with a positive attitude toward life because she takes delight in helping others.

B组 统一命题、省(区、市)卷题组

Passage 1(2015四川)

It was a hot summer day that found me running down the street with a dollar in my sweaty hand.The closer I got to Sam & Joes Stationery Store,the more excited I was.After all,a dollar was a tidy sum for an 11-year-old boy in 1961.

Out of breath,I swung open the door and got a blast of cold air that instantly cooled me off.I was in a place of pure happiness.Sam & Joes had it all—books,candy,toys,baseball cards,puzzles and games.I went directly to the bar and ordered a bottle of soda.There I sat,considering my next move.

Books always came first.I picked out five titles.Next came the candy,rows and rows of

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it.I chose five candy bars,which brought my total to 75 cents.Then a bottle of cold orange juice,a bag of chips and a pack of Ted Williams baseball cards.After paying the clerk,I still had 5 cents.

I hurried directly to my backyard,where an apple tree patiently waited for me.There,sitting in the shade against its strong trunk,I read my books,ate my candy and drank my orange juice.

As I sat in my own personal heaven,I started thinking about having more.Thats when a fantastic,life-changing idea popped into my head:If I could get more money,I could buy more books I liked,buy anything I wanted.Thats how it all started. 1.How did the boy feel on his way to Sam & Joes?(no more than 5 words)

2.What does“a tidy sum”mean in Paragraph 1?(no more than 5 words)

3.What did the boy consider doing first after he ordered soda?(no more than 5 words)

4.What did the boy do while reading?(no more than 5 words)

5.Where was the boys“personal heaven”?(no more than 9 words)

答案

1.He felt excited.

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2.A lot of money.

3.He considered buying books. 4.He ate and drank.

5.It was under the apple tree in his backyard. Passage 2(2015湖南)

Walk Out of the Comfort Zone and Try New Things

For most high school students,free periods are useless.From what I have seen,few do homework;instead many are on their phones and talking,making it impossible for those who actually want to do work to complete any.As a senior next year,I think extra periods should be used to take optional subjects.

Our school offers many classes.Now is the time to experiment in different fields of study.We will never know if we are interested or talented in a subject if we dont try it.

In my 8th grade,I was told that I had to take an art class as a graduation requirement;so in the 9th grade I took Studio and Art.One of the projects was to build a clay pot,but I built mine incorrectly,so it broke in the kiln(窑).I found out that I have no artistic ability at all,and now I know for sure that I do not want to be an artist.However,the class was one of my favorites that year.I was able to try new activities and test my ability.

Walk out of our comfort zone and try new things!College is when we should focus on a specific major,but high school is when we have to figure it out.

Half of all college students change their major at some point.By doing that hundreds of dollars are wasted on classes that they would have never needed to take.So use our extra periods to find out what we want to do in college.The classes we choose can impact us in

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the future.Taking optional subjects will enrich our mind.It will also show colleges we are diverse students.

1.How should we use our extra periods in the authors opinion?(No more than 9 words)

2.Why does the author think we should experiment in different fields of study?(No more than 17 words)

3.Why did the clay pot show the authors lack of artistic ability?(No more than 10 words)

4.According to the author,how will taking optional subjects impact us in the future?(No more than 13 words)

答案

1.We should use them to take optional subjects.

2.We will never know if we are interested or talented in a subject without trying it. 3.It was built incorrectly and broke in the kiln.

4.It will enrich our mind and show colleges we are diverse students. Passage 3(2014山东)

[1]Nowadays the cost of a new car has fallen in real terms so that it is cheaper than ever to own one,and better road conditions have also attracted more drivers.The result is overcrowding on the road system,which is one of the problems the local governments are faced with.

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[2]When people travel to other towns,the problem might be relieved by getting them to park outside the town.Buses could be provided to take them into the centre.These Park and Ride projects are increasingly popular in the UK.At Southerton,for example,a council-funded project led to a 15% drop in city centre traffic over five months.

[3]What the council found,though,was that the project proved somewhat unpopular with shop owners in the area outside the centre.Many of their shops relied on passing car drivers for some of their trade.As the number of people driving past dropped,so did their incomes.

[4]Making car driving expensive is another way of .Road taxes tend to mean that people use their cars less.Fining drivers who are in areas where cars have been banned can also tend to encourage them to leave their cars behind.

[5]However,one thing has to be got right for any solution to succeed.If we expect people to give up the habit of driving,we must give them an alternative they can rely on.Constant delays,unannounced changes to the timetable and sudden cancellations all discourage people from using public transport.People will only see it as a real choice if the buses and trains are on time.

1.What causes overcrowding on the road system according to Paragraph 1?(no more than 12 words)

2.What should people do when traveling to other towns according to the Park and Ride projects?(no more than 14 words)

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3.Why were some shop owners unhappy about the project?(no more than 10 words)

4.Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4.(no more than 8 words)

5.Why are people unwilling to use public transport according to Paragraph 5?(no more than 8 words)

答案

1.The reduced/lowered cost of a new car and better road conditions. 2.They should park outside the town,and take the bus to the centre. 3.Their incomes dropped because fewer people drove past.

4.encouraging people to use public transport more/encouraging people to use their cars less/relieving the problem (of overcrowding)

5.Because public transport is not reliable/satisfactory. Passage 4(2014江西)

[1]A safari park is a park in which wild animals are kept.They are mainly located in east or central Africa.They often occupy a very wide area,with mountains and rivers.To visit the park and look at the animals,people have to drive around in a car for a few hours because the park is huge.

[2]In South Africa there is a safari park,which contains all sorts of wild animals like lions,elephants,rhinoceroses(犀牛),zebras,wild pigs,deer and giraffes.

[3]There is a wide road leading through the park,but nobody is permitted to walk on

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the road.Anyone traveling in the park has to go in a car because wild animals may fiercely attack people.From the car he may see almost every type of African wildlife.Some of these are getting scarce(稀有的)because people kill them for various reasons.For example,rhinoceroses are killed for their horns(角),which are used in traditional Chinese medicines for colds and headaches.Perhaps they will be seen only in museums and books one day.

[4]Travelers may purchase food for the animals.They can feed them when they tour the park.Of course,they should not feed them in a close distance because the wild animals may attack people.In addition,they should only give proper food to the animals.

[5]A traveler may carry a gun with him in his journey.The gun is given to him by the government.However,it is not used for hunting.In fact,a seal is fixed to it.The traveler may fire at a wild beast to defend himself in case he is attacked.However,he has to prove to the government that he has been attacked and that he has not fired at a harmless animal. 1.List one of the reasons why travelers have to stay in a car during their visit.(no more than 6 words)

2.Why are rhinoceroses getting scarce?(no more than 7 words)

3.What warnings are given to travelers when they feed the animals?(no more than 15 words)

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4.How does the government know the gun is fired?(no more than 10 words)

5.What is the passage mainly about?(no more than 6 words)

答案

1.The park is huge.或Animals may attack people. 2.People kill them for their horns.

3.Staying away from the animals and giving them proper food. 4.By checking the seal. 5.A safari park in South Africa.

【三年模拟】

Passage 1(2019届天津静海区四校联考)

What will people die of 100 years from now? If you think that is a simple question, you have not been paying attention to the revolution that is taking place in biotechnology. With the help of new medicine, the human body will last a very long time. Death will come mainly from accidents, murder and war. Todays leading killers, such as heart disease, cancer, and aging itself, will become distant memories.

In discussion of technological changes, the Internet gets most of the attention these days. But the change in medicine can be the real technological event of our times. How long can humans live? Human brains were known to decide the final death. Cells are the basic units of all living things, and until recently, scientists were sure that the life of cells could not go much beyond 120 years because the basic materials of cells, such as those of

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brain cells, would not last forever. But the upper limits will be broken by new medicine. Sometime between 2050 and 2100, medicine will have advanced to the point at which every 10 years or so, people will be able to take medicine to repair their organs. The medicine, made up of the basic building materials of life, will build new brain cells, heart cells, and so on—in much the same way our bodies make new skin cells to take the place of old ones.

It is exciting to imagine that the advance in technology may be changing the most basic condition of human existence, but many technical problems still must be cleared up on the way to this wonderful future.

1.What are the present major killers according to the writer?(no more than 10 words)

2.What does the underlined word “revolution” in the 1st paragraph mean?(no more than 5 words)

3.How can humans live longer in the future?(no more than 10 words)

4.Why are scientists sure that the life of cells cannot go much beyond 120 years?(no more than 20 words)

5.If humans can live longer in the future, do you think it is bad or good for the society?(no more than 20 words)

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答案

1.Heart disease, cancer, and aging. 2.Great change.

3.People can take new medicine to repair human organs./By taking medicine to repair human organs.

4.Because the basic materials of cells, such as those of brain cells, would not last forever. 5.I think it is bad for the society because the earth cant support the increasing population.

Passage 2(2019届天津滨海新区大港油田一中高三期中)

When Dan Shaw gets up from the sofa in his home, Cuddles is never far away. When he wants to go outside, he doesnt take Cuddles out for a walk—Cuddles takes him for a walk. Cuddles is clearly no ordinary family pet. It is a two-foot-tall miniature horse and serves as the guiding eyes of Shaw, who is blind.

When Shaw lost his sight, his wife suggested he apply for a guide dog. Shaw, an animal lover, said he couldnt bear to part with a dog (which usually lives about eight to ten years) and get used to a new one, perhaps several times in his life.

Then Shaw heard of a program about the tiny guide horses. He learned that the horses possess many qualities that make them an excellent choice for guiding people. They are clean, friendly, smart and have great memories. They can be trained to remain calm in noisy and crowded places. Best of all, they live for 25 to 35 years, which would enable Shaw to have the same guide companion for most or all of his life.

Shaw immediately applied to be and was accepted as the first person to receive a

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guide horse. The instant he met Cuddles, he knew he was making the right choice. Then he began his training.

Through training, Shaw and Cuddles learned to find their way on busy streets, step over curbs(路缘)and find elevator buttons. Cuddles even demonstrated(显示)its ability to step in front of Shaw and block him, to prevent him from walking into a dangerous situation. The little horse also expertly led Shaw through busy shopping malls. They got along without any difficulty. Now Shaw is confident that Cuddles will change his life for the better. 1.Whats the meaning of the underlined word “miniature” in Paragraph 1? (no more than 2 words)

2.Why didnt Shaw want to choose a dog as his guide? (no more than 15 words)

3.What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us? (no more than 10 words)

4.How does Shaw feel about his future life with the help of Cuddles? (no more than 10 words)

5.In your opinion, what is the ideal relationship between man and animals? (no more than 20 words)

答案

1.Tiny/Little/Small/Very small.

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2.A dogs life is short and Shaw could not bear to part with it. 3.The tiny horses possess/have many good qualities to guide people. 4.He feels that his future life will be better/easier.

5.They should be good friends and help each other. Or:They should get along as friends and take care of each other.

Passage 3(2019届天津四合庄中学高三上学期期中)

Five years ago, David Smith wore an expensive suit to work every day. “I was a clothes addict(迷),” he jokes. “I used to carry a fresh suit to work with me so I could change if my clothes got wrinkled(皱的).” Today David wears casual clothes—khaki pants and a sports shirt—to the office. He hardly ever wears a necktie. “Im working harder than ever,” David says, “and I need to feel comfortable.”

More and more companies are allowing their office workers to wear casual clothes to work. In the United States, the changes from formal to casual office wear have been slow. In the early 1990s, many companies allowed their workers to wear casual clothes on Friday(but only on Friday).This became known as “dress-down Friday” or “casual Friday”. “What started out as an extra one-day-a-week benefit for workers has really become an everyday thing,” said business adviser Maisly Jones.

Why have so many companies started allowing their workers to wear casual clothes? One reason is that its easier for a company to attract new workers if it has a casual dress code. “A lot of young people dont want to dress up for work,” says the owner of a software company, “so its hard to hire people if you have a conservative dress code.” Another reason is that people seem happier and more productive when they are wearing

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comfortable clothes. In a study made by Levi Strauss & Company, 85 percent of employers said that casual dress has a side effect on work. Supporters of casual office wear also say that a casual dress code helps them save money. “Suits are expensive, if you have to wear one every day,” one person said. “For the same amount of money, you can buy a lot more casual clothes.”

1.Why does David Smith wear casual clothes now?(no more than 10 words)

2.Please list three advantages of casual office wear according to the text.(no more than 10 words)

3.What is the English meaning of the underlined word“code”in Paragraph 3?(1 word)

4.How did “casual Friday”come into use?(no more than 25 words)

5.Whats your favorite dressing style?Why?(no more than 20 words)

答案

1.Because they make him feel at ease(comfortable)when working.

2.Saving employees money;Improving employees motivation;Making employees happy;Attracting employees;Making employees more productive. 3.Rule/Principle.

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4.In the early 1990s, in the USA, many companies allowed their employees to wear casual clothes on Friday, which is known as“casual Friday”.

5.Casual dress. I think casual dress helps improve the relationship between the employers and employees, and make employees feel comfortable. Passage 4(2019届天津静海区高三上学期三校联考)

When I was in primary school, I got into an argument with a boy in my class. I have forgotten what the argument was about, but I have never forgotten the lesson learned that day.

I was convinced that I was right and he was wrong—and he was just as convinced that I was wrong and he was right. The teacher decided to teach us a very important lesson. She brought us up to the front of the class and placed him on one side of her desk and me on the other.

In the middle of her desk was a large, round object. I could clearly see that it was black. She asked the boy what color the object was. “White,”he answered.

I couldnt believe he said the object was white, when it was obviously black! Another argument started between my classmate and me, this time about the color of the object.

The teacher told me to go to stand where the boy was standing and told him to come to stand where I had been. We changed places, and now she asked me what the color of the object was. I had to answer,“White.” It was an object with two differently-colored sides, and from his viewpoint it was white. Only from my side was it black.

My teacher taught me a very important lesson that day: You must stand in the other persons shoes and look at the situation through their eyes in order to truly understand

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their perspective(看法).

1.What is the main idea of the text?(no more than 10 words)

2.What is the meaning of the underlined words“was convinced”in Paragraph 2?(no more than 3 words)

3.What did the teacher ask the students after they changed positions?(no more than 8 words)

4.Why are both of their answers right?(no more than 10 words)

5.What do you think of the teacher?And why?(no more than 20 words)

答案

1.Seeing things from others viewpoints. 2.Believed.

3.The color of the object.

4.Because the object had two differently-colored sides.

5.The teacher is wise because she taught them the lesson in a very good way. Passage 5(2018天津十二所重点中学高三第二次联考)

Most people agree that honesty is a good thing. But does Mother Nature agree? Animals cant talk, but can they lie in other ways? Can they lie with their bodies and

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behavior? Animal experts may not call it lying, but they do agree that many animals, from birds to chimpanzees, behave dishonestly to fool other animals. Why? Dishonesty often helps them survive.

Many kinds of birds are very successful in fooling other animals. For example, the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young. When a predator(捕食性动物)gets close to its nest, the plover leads the predator away from the nest. How? It pretends to have a broken wing. The predator follows the “hurt” adult, leaving the baby birds safe in the nest.

Another kind of bird, the scrub jay, buries its food so it always has something to eat. Scrub jays are also thieves. They watch where others bury their food and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them. So they go back later, unbury the food, and bury it again somewhere else.

Cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work. How? They dont make nests. Instead, they get into other birds nests secretly. Then they lay their eggs and fly away. When the baby birds come out, their adoptive parents feed them.

Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky. After a fight, the losing chimp will give its hand to the other. When the winning chimp puts out its hand, too, the chimps are friendly again. But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winners hand and start fighting again.

Chimps are dishonest in other ways, too. When chimps find food that they love, such as bananas, it is natural for them to cry out. Then other chimps come running. But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food. That way, other chimps dont

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hear them, and they dont need to share their food.

As children, many of us learn the saying “You cant fool Mother Nature.” But maybe you cant trust her, either.

1.According to the passage, why do many animals behave dishonestly to fool others? (no more than 10 words)

2.How does a plover deal with it when a predator approaches its nest? (no more than 15 words)

3.Who often feed cuckoos baby birds? (no more than 3 words)

4.What does the underlined word in Paragraph 5 mean? (no more than 1 word)

5.What kind of animal do you like best? And why? (no more than 20 words)

答案

1.Because dishonesty often helps them survive./To survive.

2.It pretends to have a broken wing and leads the predator away./It leads the predator away by pretending to have a broken wing. 3.Their adoptive parents. 4.Dishonest.

5.本题属于开放性问题,答案见仁见智。

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Passage 6(2018天津河东区一模)

Before she was crowned (为……封冠) Miss Amazing National in Chicago, US, Vanessa Cleary had never thought of herself as a beauty pageant (选美) competitor.

Yet the way in which Vanessa told the story of her birth mothers struggle to help her with her disabilities and the positive impact her adoption had on her life helped her win over the judges last month. After the pageant, in which she took top honors in the junior teen division, the 15-year-old girl said shes looking forward to telling her friends about her experience so they can join in as well. “I want everyone to have the experience I had,” Vanessa said. “It was really fun and I really enjoyed it.”

Miss Amazing is a pageant for girls with learning disabilities. In the ten years since it began, 1700 girls with disabilities have benefited from it. The pageant is designed to help the girls who participate to build sisterhood, develop life skills, and increase visibility for those in the disabled community.

The main event of the pageant is the stage performance, in which participants get to showcase a talent of their choice. When Vanessas mother first heard about Miss Amazing, she thought the pageant would be a great opportunity for Vanessa to showcase her skill in public speaking. Vanessa wants to be a teacher to teach other students who have disabilities like her.

Vanessas vision and hearing are impaired, and she has a disability that makes reading difficult for her. Despite this, she is very active and loves public speaking. For Vanessa, it wasnt about winning the pageant. It was about the opportunity for her to participate and feel supported.

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1.Who is Vanessa Cleary? (within 15 words)

2.Whats the aim of the pageant? (within 20 words)

3.Whats the meaning of the underlined word “impaired”? (within 5 words)

4.What is Vanessas talent show in the pageant? (within 5 words)

5.What do you think is the most important for Vanessa to win this years Miss Amazing pageant?(within 15 words)

答案

1.She is a disabled girl who was crowned Miss Amazing National in Chicago, US./She is a beauty pageant competitor.

2.To help the girls who participate to build sisterhood, develop life skills, and increase visibility.

3.Less strong/Damaged/Weak/Hurt/Not as good as before. 4.Public speaking.

5.The opportunity for her to participate and feel supported./She has the opportunity to participate and feel supported.。 Passage 7(2018天津和平区二模)

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Its been just three years since UK singer-songwriter Ed Sheeran broke through into the pop world with his debut single “The A Team”. But now, hes already one of the leading figures in the British music industry.

Ed Sheeran has performed in many famous theaters all around the world. He was named one of the most famous singers globally in 2014 and won Best British Artist at the BBC Music Awards.

What makes Ed Sheeran eminent is his talent for music. Most of his songs are simple but emotional, with brief tunes and touching lyrics inspired by real life. During his early days in London, he slept on the streets outside Buckingham Palace, which inspired his song “Homeless”. Weeks before his grandfather passed away, Ed wrote the song “Afire Love” with the heartbreaking words, “And if you fell to your death today, I hope that heaven is your resting place.”

Sheeran went to an ordinary school in Suffolk, England at the age of 10.He learned to play the guitar at a young age and began to write songs at around 12.The boys earliest stage was his schools concerts, where he sang while playing the guitar. At 16, Sheeran made the decision of a lifetime—to drop out of school and move to London to pursue his music career. He slept on friends sofas to save money to record his songs and performed constantly for three years to earn a living.

In 2011, the young singer released his song “Give Me Love”, which caused a rise in his popularity and brought him the attention of famous musicians. Soon he signed with Asylum Records and his album “Try to Do It” has been sold 5,000,000 in the UK. 1.How did Ed Sheeran get himself into the pop world? (no more than 9 words)

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2.What achievements did Ed Sheeran make in 2014? (no more than 15 words)

3.What does the underlined word “eminent” mean in Paragraph 3? (1 word)

4.What decision did Ed Sheeran make at the age of 16? (no more than 9 words)

5.What do you think of Ed Sheeran? Give your reason. (no more than 25 words)

答案

1.With the help of his single “The A Team”.

2.He was named one of the most famous singers globally. 3.Popular/Famous/Brilliant/Great. 4.He decided to pursue his music career.

5.I think he is a strong-willed singer. He never gave up facing difficulties when pursuing his music career.

Passage 8(2017天津南开区二模)

Science has a lot of uses. It can uncover laws of nature, cure diseases, make bombs, and help bridges to stand up.Indeed science is so good at what it does that theres always a temptation (诱惑) to drag it into problems where it may not be helpful. David Brooks, author of The Social Animal: The Hidden Sources of Love, Character, and Achievement, appears to be the latest in a long line of writers who have failed to resist the

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temptation.

Brooks gained fame for several books. His latest book The Social Animal, however, is more ambitious and serious than his earlier books. It is an attempt to deal with a set of weighty topics. The book focuses on big questions:What has science revealed about human nature? What are the sources of character? And why are some people happy and successful while others arent?

To answer these questions, Brooks surveys a wide range of disciplines. Considering this, you might expect the book to be a dry recitation (逐一列举) of facts. But Brooks has structured his book in an unorthodox (非传统的), and perhaps unfortunate way. Instead of introducing scientific theories, he tells a story, within which he tries to make his points, perhaps in order to keep the readers attention. So as Harold and Erica, the hero and heroine in his story, live through childhood, we hear about the science of child development and as they begin to date we hear about the theory of sexual attraction. Brooks carries this through to the death of one of his characters.

On the whole, Brooks story is acceptable if uninspired. As one would expect, his writing is mostly clear and, to be fair, some chapters stand out above the rest. I enjoyed, for instance, the chapter in which Harold discovers how to think on his own. While Harold and Erica are certainly not strong or memorable characters, the more serious problems with The Social Animal lie elsewhere. These problems partly involve Brooks attempt to translate his tale into science.

1.What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? (No more than 10 words)

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2.Why does Brooks use a story to introduce scientific theories? (No more than 15 words)

3.According to The Social Animal, how can we learn about the science of child development? (No more than 10 words)

4.Please explain the underlined word “weighty” in English. (1 word)

5.Do you like Brooks way of dealing with science in The Social Animal? Why? (No more than 20 words)

答案

1.The purpose of writing The Social Animal./The main topics of the book.

2.Because he tries to make his points through the story to keep the readers attention. Or:To make his points and keep the readers attention. 3.By seeing Harold and Erica live through their childhood. Or:By reading the story of Harold and Erica.

Or:By following the story of the characters living through childhood. 4.Serious./Important./Significant./Great./Big./Crucial.

5.Yes,I do. Because he introduces scientific theories through a story,making it much easier for people to understand science. Passage 9(2017天津和平区二模)

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A generous stranger bought a plane ticket for a homeless mother to watch her three daughters compete at the AAU Junior Olympic Games. It is an annual event where kids in the U.S. compete in sports.

Sisters Tai Sheppard, 11, Rainn Sheppard, 10, and Brooke Sheppard, 8—who began training in track and field in January of 2015—all made it into the Junior Olympics to compete in various races.Brooke also competed in the high jump, an event which involves equipment that her training team doesnt even have. That meant all of her jumps were practiced during competitions.

The girls, who live in a homeless shelter with their mother, Tonia Handy, 46, were able to attend the games thanks to the support from the girls training team and a successful GoFundMe campaign. Handy, however, could not afford a plane ticket of her own to watch them compete in person.

That was until Ken Smaltz Jr., a complete stranger, read about the family. He reached out to Handy and offered to buy her a ticket.

“It just feels nice to help someone,” Smaltz said,who also didnt intend for the gesture to be made public.

On August 1, Handy surprised Rainn by showing up on the track right before she was about to run the 3,000m race.

Rainn was extremely excited. The mother and daughter hugged six times before they took each others hands and walked to the track together.

Shortly after their sweet reunion, Rainn won the gold medal in the race.

Although the familys athletic accomplishments are grand, their needs are simple.

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“Do you have money to eat?” Rainn whispered in her moms ear after her race. “She knew I didnt have money,” Handy later explained. “For me to be out here is an impressive achievement on its own.”

1.What is the AAU Junior Olympic Games? (No more than 15 words)

2.What was the problem that Brooke had before the game?(No more than 12 words)

3.What does the underlined part probably mean?(No more than 15 words)

4.How did Rainn feel when she saw her mother appear on the track? (No more than 5 words)

5.If you do the same as Smaltz did to the people who need help, what can you and the people you help benefit from it? (No more than 30 words)

答案

1.It is an annual event where kids in the U.S. compete in sports. 2.She didnt get trained for the high jump at all.

3.He also didnt really want people to know what he had done for the family. 4.She was extremely excited. 5.本题为开放性试题,没有统一答案。

备战2020高考

Passage 10(2017天津河东区二模)

The environmental group Heal the Bay organized a beach clean-up. And I was one of the volunteers. We went to Venice Beach to clean up the trash.

At first glance, the beach didnt look dirty at all. But then I saw a Styrofoam cup half buried in the sand on the beach. I pulled hard and finally got it out. As we moved farther, we found pieces of Styrofoam spread all over the sand. The Heal the Bay representative had told us that these little pieces of Styrofoam and other small pieces of plastic are what actually harm sea life most. Sea animals eat the plastic. After eating it, they think they are full. As a result, they can die of starvation as they are cheated by their feeling and dont think they need to eat any food.

We kept on picking up the trash. Then I saw someone with a full Heal the Bay trash bag and I went to see what was inside. When I opened the trash bag, I found everything from a pair of old jeans and a brown belt to headphones and some plastic bags. It made me very angry with the people who left their things behind without thinking about what effects they might have on the ocean.

It is really important to protect the ocean. The ocean covers about 71 percent of the Earths surface. A clean ocean not only helps animals in the ocean survive but also helps us survive.

By noon, the sun was shining and the temperature was rising. The volunteers that had spread out across Venice Beach were coming back to throw the trash they had collected into the truck. I could not believe how much trash there was. We collected more than 135 bags of trash altogether. I do hope that next time people go to the beach, they will stop

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littering.

1.Why did the environmental group go to Venice Beach? (No more than 6 words)

2.What does the underlined word “starvation” in Paragraph 2 mean in English?(1 word)

3.How did the author feel seeing the trash in that volunteers trash bag according to Paragraph 3?(No more than 8 words)

4.How much trash did the volunteers collect altogether that day? (No more than 8 words)

5.What do you think of throwing plastic trash on the beach? And why? (No more than 25 words)

答案

1.To clean up the trash. 2.Hunger.

3.He/She felt very angry.

4.They collected more than 135 bags of trash.

5.Its a very bad habit because trash thrown on the beach may end up in the sea, resulting in the death of many sea creatures. Passage 11(2017天津河西区二模)

When people think of New York City, most of them probably picture the attractive

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lifestyles of the rich and famous or think of Broadway, Times Square and other tourist attractions. However, there is another side of New York City. The summer after tenth grade, I went with my group on a mission trip to New York City for a week.

I had always known that poverty existed in major cities, but I had never seen it to a degree as high as we did there. We worked at several different locations with our small groups. One day, we served at a soup kitchen and what I saw astounded me. I couldnt believe my eyes. We saw people from all walks of life. We met people who came there because they had no job, no home and no money.

Another day, we volunteered at a homeless shelter. We helped people there do some cleaning and spent time talking to them and listening to their stories. It was incredible to see how thankful they were to us for just spending a couple of hours talking to them.

Every person we met on that trip had a unique story. Whatever their stories were, there was a common thread we saw in them—hope and thanks. These were people who had nothing and yet they were so hopeful about their futures and they were thanking us.

My experience during that summer changed my life. I used to picture my future as containing a big house and a lot of money, but now I see my future as helping others. After college, I would really like to work for some sort of global aid organization that deals with the social issues, such as poverty and homelessness.

1.What do most people have in mind when thinking of New York City?(No more than 10 words)

2.What does the underlined word “astounded” in Paragraph 2 mean? (1 word)

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3.What did the author discover in the people at the homeless shelter? (No more than 15 words)

4.What kind of organizations does the author want to work for after college? (No more than 10 words)

5.How does the authors experience inspire you? (No more than 20 words)

答案

1.People/They think it has attractive lifestyles and tourist attractions. 2.Surprised./Astonished./Shocked.

3.They were poor but very hopeful about their futures, and thankful/grateful to people helping them.

OR: They had nothing but had hope for their futures and thanks/gratitude in their heart. 4.A/Some global aid organization that deals with the social issues.

5.He shows me how important it is to help other people and contribute to society. Passage 12(2017天津南开区三模)

Given that motivation is so central to our lives, what do we truly understand about how it operates and about its role in our lives? The assumption is that its driven by a positive, external reward. Do this;get that. But the story is much more complex.

One of the most striking aspects of motivation is that it often drives us to achievements

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that are difficult, challenging and even painful. You may think that you would be happy to spend all your time sitting on a white-sand beach drinking and that as long as you get to fill your days this way, you would be happy forever. But while a few days of enjoyment might be fun from time to time, I cant imagine that you would be satisfied by spending your days, weeks, months, years and even your life this way.

Research that examines the differences between meaning and happiness finds that the things that give us a sense of meaning dont necessarily make us happy. Moreover, people who report having meaningful lives are often more interested in doing things for others, while those who focus mostly on doing things for themselves report being only superficially happy, in other words, just externally and apparently delighted. The essential quality of “meaning” has to do with having a sense of being involved in something bigger than the self.

We all know people obtain a great sense of meaning even in the most unpleasant circumstances. Many volunteers spend portions of their lives working in dangerous, war-torn areas, trying to keep disease and death from innocent civilians or teaching orphans to read. Their pain is real;their sense of doing something truly meaningful is substantial (丰富的).They show how our deep-rooted desire to believe that our lives have purpose beyond our lifespan drives us to work extra hard, even to the point of our own personal suffering, in order to gain more meaning.

The point is that these seemingly unusual and irrational(不合理的)motivations get us to do things that are complex, difficult and unpleasant. But they go beyond helping people in need. They motivate us in every aspect of our lives—whether in our personal

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relationships, in our individual pursuits or in the workplace. 1.Whats the main idea of the passage? (No more than 10 words)

2.Why is motivation so significant to our life? (No more than 15 words)

3.What is the meaning of the underlined word “superficially” in Paragraph 3? (1 word)

4.What can volunteers obtain by working in dangerous, war-torn areas? (No more than 10 words)

5.Do you agree with the opinion that motivation is driven by a positive, external reward? Why or why not? (No more than 20 words)

答案

1.How to truly understand motivation.

2.Because it drives us to achievements that are difficult, challenging and even painful. 3.Externally./Apparently./Seemingly. 4.They can get a great sense of meaning.

5.No, I dont. Because motivation is more complex than that. Or: Yes, I do. Because... (Answers may vary.)

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历年高考试题汇编

Passage 1(2009天津)

Almost everybody in America will spend a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart(购物手推车). They will, in a lifetime, push the chrome-plated contraptions many miles. But few will know—or even think to ask—who it was that invented them.

Sylvan N. Goldman invented the shopping cart in 1937. At that time he was in the supermarket business. Every day he would see shoppers lugging(吃力地携带)groceries around in baskets they had to carry.

One day Goldman suddenly had the idea of putting baskets on wheels. The wheeled baskets would make shopping much easier for his customers, and would help to attract more business.

On June 4, 1937, Goldmans first carts were ready for use in his market. He was terribly excited on the morning of that day as customers began arriving. He couldnt wait to see them using his invention.

But Goldman was disappointed. Most shoppers gave the carts a long look, but hardly anybody would give them a try.

After a while, Goldman decided to ask customers why they werent using his carts. “Dont you think this arm is strong enough to carry a shopping basket?” one shopper replied.

But Goldman wasnt beaten yet. He knew his carts would be a great success if only he could persuade people to give them a try. To this end, Goldman hired a group of people to push carts around his market and pretend they were shopping! Seeing this, the real

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customers gradually began copying the phony(假冒的)customers.

As Goldman had hoped, the carts were soon attracting larger and larger numbers of customers to his market. But not only did more people come—those who came bought more. With larger, easier-to-handle baskets, customers unconsciously bought a greater number of items than before.

Todays shopping carts are five times larger than Goldmans original model. Perhaps thats one reason Americans today spend more than five times as much money on food each year as they did before 1937—before the coming of the shopping cart. 1.The underlined words “chrome-plated contraptions” in Paragraph 1 refer to .(No more than 3 words)

2.What was the purpose of Goldmans invention? (No more than 10 words)

3.Why was Goldman disappointed at first? (No more than 10 words)

4.Why did Goldman hire people to push carts around his market? (No more than 10 words)

5.What do you think of Goldman? Please give your reasons. (No more than 20 words)

答案

1.shopping carts

2.It was to make shopping easier and attract more business. 3.Because few customers used his carts.

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4.Because he wanted to promote his shopping carts.

5.He was a smart businessman. He invented the shopping cart and made it accepted by customers./Or:He was smart but he shouldnt have used tricks to attract customers. Passage 2(2010天津)

When Dan Shaw gets up from the sofa in his home,Cuddles is never far away.When he wants to go outside,he doesnt take Cuddles out for a walk—Cuddles takes him for a walk.Cuddles is clearly no ordinary family pet.It is a two-foot-high miniature horse and serves as the guiding eyes of Shaw,who is blind.

When Shaw lost his sight,his wife suggested he apply for a guide dog.Shaw,an animal lover,said he couldnt bear to part with a dog(which usually lives about eight to ten years)and get used to a new one,perhaps several times in his life.

Then Shaw heard of a program about the tiny guide horses.He learned that the horses possess many qualities that make them an excellent choice for guiding people.They are clean,friendly,smart and have great memories.They can be trained to remain calm in noisy and crowded places.Best of all,they live for 25~35 years,which would enable Shaw to have the same guide companion for most or all of his life.

Shaw immediately applied to be and was accepted as the first person to receive a guide horse.The instant he met Cuddles,he knew he was making the right choice.Then he began his training.

Through training,Shaw and Cuddles learned to find their way on busy streets,step over curbs(便道沿儿)and find elevator buttons.Cuddles even demonstrated(显示)its ability to step in front of Shaw and block him,to prevent him from walking into a dangerous

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situation.The little horse also expertly led Shaw through busy shopping malls.They got along without any difficulties.Now Shaw is confident that Cuddles will change his life for the better.

1.Whats the meaning of the underlined word“miniature”in Paragraph 1?(No more than 2 words)

2.Why didnt Shaw want to choose a dog as his guide?(No more than 15 words)

3.What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us?(No more than 10 words)

4.How does Shaw feel about his future life with the help of Cuddles?(No more than 10 words)

5.In your opinion,what is the ideal relationship between man and animals?(No more than 20 words)

答案

1.Tiny/Little/Small/Very small.

2.A dogs life is short and Shaw could not bear to part with it.

3.The tiny horses possess/have many good qualities to guide people.Or:The tiny horses possess/have many qualities to be ideal guides.

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4.He feels that his future life will be better/easier.

5.They should be good friends and help each other.Or:They should get along as friends and take care of each other. Passage 3(2011天津)

In college, Spring Break(春假)is usually associated with the beach, parties and sleepless nights, bringing about relaxation, free time and friends. Students who wish to spend their break doing something productive and rewarding, however, may choose to participate in the Alternative Break Program. It places college students in communities both at home and abroad.

The Program allows students to take part in various projects dealing with issues such as literacy(识字), homelessness and the environment. It includes helping kids with their lessons, raising money for families in need and collecting data for environmental research.

The hope is that, by getting themselves involved in different environments, students will have the opportunity to learn about members of communities and broaden their view. In turn, they will incorporate (融合) their experiences and lessons learned into their own communities. In a word, the Program aims to encourage students to be active citizens and engage themselves in making a difference in society.

In the spring of 2006, about 36,000 students in the USA participated in the Alternative Break Program.

Samantha Giacobozzi, now director of the Program, has been on five alternative break trips herself, including trips to New Orleans, India and Dominican Republic. “I was a student who went on alternative break trips and had my life totally transformed by that

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experience,” she said. “Every year, we meet many students who have attended the Program. You can see changes in their life that are connected with their alternative break experiences.”

The Program began in 1991. Today, it has become increasingly popular with college students in the United States.

1.Who may choose to participate in the Alternative Break Program? (No more than 10 words)

2.What is the aim of the Program? (No more than 15 words)

3.What is the meaning of the underlined word “transformed” in Paragraph 5? ( No more than 1 words)

4.What is Samanthas attitude toward the Program? (No more than 10 words)

5.If you take part in the Program, which project are you interested in? And why? (No more than 25 words)

答案

1.Students who wish to do something productive and rewarding.

2.It is to encourage students to be active citizens and make a difference in society. 3.Changed.

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4.She thinks highly of the Program./She is in favor of the Program./She holds a positive attitude toward the Program./Or: She thinks its a great experience of changing ones life./Or: She is thankful/grateful for the Program.

5.I am interested in helping kids with their lessons because education is important to them./Or: I want to raise money for families in need because they are poor and need our help./Or: I am interested in collecting data for environmental research because the environment should be protected. Passage 4(2012天津)

Born in 1949,Diana Nyad took an early interest in swimming as a sport and was a Florida State High School swimming champion.Like many young athletes,she had Olympic dreams,but a serious illness kept her from competing in the Games.The disappointment didnt stop her from going forward.Instead,she became interested in marathon swimming.A brilliant athlete,she was well-conditioned for spending long periods of time in the water.As a long-distance swimmer,she would compete against herself and the obstacles presented by distance,danger,cold,and exhaustion.

For ten years Nyad devoted herself to becoming one of the worlds best long-distance swimmers.In 1970,she swam a ten-mile marathon in Lake Ontario,setting the womens record for the course.In 1972 she set another record by swimming 102.5 miles from an island in the Bahamas to the coast of Florida.Then she broke a third record when swimming around Manhattan Island in 1975.

Nyad attempted to swim the distance between Florida and Cuba in 1978.Though the span of water is less than 100 miles wide,it is rough and dangerous.After battling the water

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for two days,she had to give up for the sake of her own health and safety.Even so,she impressed the world with her courage and strong desire to succeed.For Nyad her strength of purpose was just as important as reaching Cuba.That is how she defined success.It did not matter that her swim came up short;she believed she had touched the other shore.

When Nyad ended her career as a swimmer,she continued to try new things—travelling the world as a reporter,writing books and giving public speeches about her life.Diana Nyad works to inspire others,just as she did when she swam the waters of the world.

1.What prevented Nyad from taking part in the Olympic Games?(No more than 5 words)

2.What does the underlined word “obstacles”mean?(1 word)

3.What achievement did Nyad make in 1970?(No more than 10 words)

4.Why did Nyad believe that she had touched the other shore?(No more than 10 words)

5.Please explain how you are inspired by Nyad.(No more than 20 words)

答案

1.A serious illness(did).

2.Difficulties/Problems/Trouble(s)/Challenges.

3.She swam a ten-mile marathon and set the womens record.

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Or:She swam a ten-mile marathon,setting the womens record. Or:She set the womens record for a ten-mile marathon swimming.

4.Because she had tried her best(to fulfill the task).Or:Her strength of purpose was as important as reaching Cuba.

5.I am encouraged by her determination and strong will.Or:I am inspired by her courage and strong desire to succeed.Or:From her I learned that once we set a goal,we should try hard to achieve it.Or:We should never give up in the face of difficulty/failure.Or:We should never stop trying new things and we may achieve success in different fields. Passage 5(2013天津)

My name is Clara.I still remember that chilly December day,sitting in science class.Id finished a worksheet early and picked up a TIME for Kids magazine.A piece of news caught my eye:NASA was holding an essay contest to name its Mars rover(火星探测器).Before I even knew anything else about it,a single word flooded my 11-year-old mind:Curiosity.

I couldnt wait for the bell to ring so I could get started on my essay.That afternoon,I raced home,sat down at the computer,and typed until my fingers ached.“Curiosity is an everlasting flame that burns in everyones mind...”

Five months later,my mom received a phone call,and immediately,a wide smile spread across her face.

On August 5,2012,at 10:31 p.m.,the rover named Curiosity touched down safely on the surface of Mars,and I was honored to have a front-row seat in NASA.

Curiosity is such an important part of who I am.I have always been fascinated by the

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stars,the planets,the sky and the universe.I remember as a little girl,my grandmother and I would sit together in the backyard for hours.Shed tell me stories and point out the stars.Grandma lived in China,thousands of miles away from my home in Kansas,but the stars kept us together even when we were apart.They were always there,yet there was so much I didnt know about them.Thats what I love so much about space.

People often ask me why we go to faraway places like Mars.My answer is simple:because were curious.We human beings do not just hole up in one place.We are constantly wondering and trying to find out whats over the hill and beyond the horizon. 1.How did Clara get the news about the essay contest?(no more than 10 words)

2.Why did Clara have a front-row seat in NASA?(no more than 10 words)

3.What does Clara remember about the time spent with Grandma?(no more than 15 words)

4.What does the underlined phrase“hole up”mean?(1 word)

5.In your opinion,why is curiosity important?(no more than 20 words)

答案

1.By reading a TIME for Kids magazine. Or:From a TIME for Kids magazine.

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2.She won the essay contest held by NASA. Or:She named the Mars rover “Curiosity”.

Or:“Curiosity”was chosen as the name of the Mars rover.

3.She sat together with Grandma listening to her stories about the stars./Her grandma told her stories about the stars./They sat together talking about the stars. 4.Stay/Remain/Live/Hide.

5.Curiosity is important because it leads to discovery or invention./With curiosity,we keep asking questions and exploring the world unknown./Curiosity drives us through our lives so that we never stop wondering about the things beyond our knowledge. Passage 6(2011湖南)

My First Long Run

Two weeks ago,I had a quarrel with my husband.After he had driven off in anger,I realized that I wasnt going to feel any better just sitting there.Feeling abandoned and guilty,I put on my gym shoes to get some fresh air.

Our driveway has a slope(斜坡)that is easier just to jog down if you are lazy,taking advantage of gravity.Instead of stopping at the end of the slope,I decided to see if I could just jog to the end of the street.I had tried a few months ago and failed miserably.Since that first attempt I had been jogging regularly and was significantly fitter,but still very lazy.However,this time around I managed to reach the stop sign with ease and I figured I would go a little further.

After about one kilometer,however,I noticed that my upper body was tense.To make the movement easier I had to relax my body,and tried to take deep breaths of fresh air.

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I kept giving myself the excuse to stop.No one would be disappointed.No one would even know.But I didnt stop.I wanted to keep going harder,better,faster,stronger.To my great surprise,I ran 4.9 km in 31 minutes.When I got back,I had tears in my eyes.I did something I thought I could never do.

It was the first long run of my life.Since then,I have improved my stride(步幅)and time.After every run I feel fitter,happier and motivated to keep progressing.I love the runners high.I normally jog because I want to look good.I want to run because it makes me feel good.

1.Why did the author feel guilty?(No more than 9 words)

2.What did the author fail to do miserably a few months ago?(No more than 11 words)

3.What excuses did the author keep giving herself to stop?(No more than 9 words)

4.How is running different from jogging to the author?(No more than 14 words)

答案

1.She had a quarrel with her husband. 2.She failed to jog to the end of the street. 3.No one would be disappointed or even know.

4.Running makes her feel good while jogging makes her look good. Passage 7(2012湖南)

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A wise teacher once told me that every teenager needs to experience a not-so-fun first job from working at a grocery store to the fast food industry.

Now I still remember my first day at a fast food restaurant three years ago.I wanted to save up money and buy my own car,so I applied everywhere I could that summer.The restaurant called me right away and I thought to myself,this is going to be easy.Within four hours of my first shift(轮班),I had angry customers who complained how slow I was.I watched in fear as a kid spilled his milk everywhere,and I heard the words that no 16-year-old boy or anyone for that matter wants to hear:“Mike,theres a problem in the mens bathroom and you might want gloves for this one.”I realized right away that working at the restaurant was not going to be a picnic.The manager expected a clean environment and,particularly,fast service with a friendly smile.

Over three years later I still work at that restaurant whenever I go home during vacations.I love my co-workers there and all the customers know who I am.Every morning the same senior citizens come in and get their morning coffees.They chat with us workers and joke around.Our smiles have just as much to do with them making us a part of their everyday lives as the coffee does.

From my first job at the restaurant,I learned teamwork and devotion.I also learned staying positive no matter how rough things seem to get.I will forever carry the experience that I gained at the restaurant with me as I go forward in my life.

1.Why did the author apply everywhere that summer?(No more than 12 words)

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2.What did the manager particularly expect the workers to do?(No more than 14 words)

3.Why does the author still work at the restaurant during vacations?(No more than 13 words)

4.What did the author learn from his first job?(No more than 11 words)

答案

1.He wanted to save up money and buy his own car.

2.The manager particularly expected them to offer fast service with a friendly smile. 3.He loves his co-workers and all the customers know who he is.

4.He learned teamwork,devotion,and staying positive in rough situations. Passage 8(2013山东)

[1]Jean Paul Getty was born in 1892 in Minneapolis,Minnesota.He became a millionaire when he was only 24.His father was wealthy,but he did not help his son.Getty made his millions alone. He made his money from oil.He owned Getty Oil and over 100 other companies.The Fortune magazine once called Getty“the richest man in the world.”

[2]But money .He married five times and divorced five times.He had five children but spent little time with them.None of Gettys children had very happy lives.

[3]Getty loved to make money and loved to save it.In spite of his great wealth,Getty was a miser.Every evening,he wrote down every cent he spent that day.He even put pay telephones in the guests bedrooms in his house so he could save money on phone bills.

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[4]In 1973,kidnappers took his 16-year-old grandson,and demanded a large amount of money for his safe return.Gettys son asked his father for money to save his child.But Getty refused.The kidnappers were merciless and Gettys son made repeated requests for help from his father.Finally,Getty agreed to lend the money,but at 4 percent interest.

[5]Getty started a museum at his home in Malibu,California.He bought many important and beautiful pieces of art for the museum.When Getty died in 1976,the value of the collection in the museum was $1 billion.He left all his money to the museum.After his death,the museum grew in size.Today it is one of the most important museums in the United States.Getty made a large fortune in his life,but he gave his money to the art world because he wanted people to learn about and love art. 1.What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?(no more than 8 words)

2.Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words.(no more than 7 words)

3.Explain the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3.

4.What did the kidnappers do to Gettys family?(no more than 10 words)

5.What does the author want to tell us about Getty in the last paragraph?(no more than 10 words)

答案

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1.Getty was a self-made millionaire./Getty became rich through his own efforts. 2.did not buy happiness for Getty

3.Although he was very rich,Getty hated to spend money. 4.They took Gettys grandson and asked for money.

5.Getty made a great contribution to the art world./Getty had another side. Passage 9(2013湖南)

“Lets Talk”:The Free Advice Project

A few weeks ago,I took a walk around Washington Square Park.I met all the usual people:street performers,the Pigeon Guy,a group of guitarists singing in harmony.But off to the side,sitting on a bench was a woman doing something vastly different—giving free advice.

A week or two later,I set up an interview with her and we discussed her project at length.

Lisa Podell,32,started the Free Advice Project this past May.It began as an experiment;she sat in Washington Square Park for a day with a sign that read “Free Advice” as a simple way to reach out to people.Podell was astonished at the strong response.

Podell admits that she was doubtful at first,but now she describes the project as mutually(相互地)beneficial.People learn from her—but she also learns from them.She says that the majority of those who come to her are dealing with some pretty heavy issues,and they expect her not only to listen,but also to provide real answers.

Having worked as a full-time teacher and now as an adolescent advisor,Podell believes that talking things out is important in the decision-making process.

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Sometimes,people walk around all day,keeping their problems in their own head and thinking about them in the same way.Podell simply tries to provide people with perspective.

I asked if there is a future plan for the Free Advice Project.Podell said she would like to promote it to each public space in New York,which would be carried out by various volunteers across the city.

It was truly inspiring to meet someone with such a big heart,especially in New York—where it is sometimes very hard to find anybody to listen. 1.In what way was Podell different from other people in the park? (No more than 6 words)

2.What do people in need expect Podell to do?(No more than 10 words)

3.According to Podell,what should people do when making decisions?(No more than 6 words)

4.How would Podell promote her project in New York?(No more than 15 words)

答案

1.She was giving free advice.

2.They expect her to listen and provide real answers. 3.They should talk things out.

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4.She would promote it to each public space with the help of volunteers. Passage 10(2014湖南)

Kids and Ponds

Years ago there was a group of kids who would hang around at some local ponds in the woods near their houses in Warwick,Rhode Island.In summer they caught frogs and fish.When winter arrived they couldnt wait to go skating.Time passed,and the ponds became the only open space for the kids to enjoy themselves in that neighborhood.

One day,a thirteen-year-old boy from this group of kids read in the local newspaper that a developer wanted to fill in the ponds and build over a hundred small houses called condominiums.So the boy went door to door and gathered more than two hundred signatures(签名)to stop the development.A group of citizens met and decided to support him.

At the meeting of the town planning board(委员会),the boy was quite nervous at first and spoke very softly.But when he saw the faces of his friends and neighbors in the crowd and thought about what was happening to their favorite ponds,his voice grew louder.He told the town officials that they should speak for the citizens.He also insisted that they should leave enough space for children.A few days later,the developer stopped his plan.

Nine years later,when that teen was a senior in college,he was informed that the developer was back with his proposal to build condominiums.Now twenty-two years old,he was studying wetlands ecology.He again appeared before the town planning board.This time as an expert witness,he used environmental protection laws to explain restrictions on development in and around wetlands and the knowledge of wetlands ecology to help

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improve the development.Finally some condominiums were built,but less than half the number the developer wanted.The ponds where those kids used to hang around were protected by a strip of natural land,and are still there today.

1.What did the kids like to do at the local ponds in winter?(No more than 6 words)

2.How did the boy win the citizens support?(No more than 10 words)

3.What did the boy tell the town officials?(No more than 16 words)

4.What helped the boy to protect the ponds successfully nine years later?(No more than 12 words)

答案

1.They liked to go skating.

2.He went door to door and gathered their signatures.

3.He told them they should speak for the citizens and leave enough space for children. 4.Environmental protection laws and the knowledge of wetlands ecology helped him.