【典例1】In the garden,you wiU see a board______ “Keep off the grass”． A. says B.said C.saying D. to say
错因分析 有些考生会把空格及后面部分当做宾语从句，从而误选A或B。其实，空格及其后面部分是用来修饰、说明前面的board的，作后置定语。而选项D表示将要发生的动作，这显然与题意不符，故正确答案为C。
【典例2】Mr.Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy,saying that he was not the one______.
A.blamed B．blaming C．to blame D．to be blamed
错因分析 考生很容易误选D项。分析句子结构可知，本题是对动词不定式作后置定语用法的考查。be to blame为一个固定的结构，意为“负有责任”。本题中的to blame可以看做是who was to blame的省略形式。to blame是一个主动形式表示被动含义的结构。 正确答案为C项。 点拨
几种非谓语形式（及物动词）作定语的区别： 1．doing强调一个主动的、正在进行的动作。 The girl standing there is my sister.
2．being done强调一个被动的、正在进行的动作。 The meeting being held now is impoItant． 3．to do强调一个主动的、将要发生的动作。 I have a lot of homework to do．
4．to be done强调一个被动的、将要发生的动作。 The meeting to be held tomorrow is impoItant. 5．done强调-个被动的、已经完成的动作。 The meeting held yesterday was important．
状元笔记
动词不定式作定语的用法
(1)如果作名词后置定语的动词不定式所表示的动作是由句子的主语发出的，那么作后置定语的动词不定式要用其主动形式。如： I want something to eat. 我想要吃些东西。
(2)如果作名词后置定语的动词不定式所表示的动作不是由句子的主语发出的，那么作后置定语的动词不定式既可以用其主动形式，也可以用其被动形式，在语意上几乎没有什么区别。如：
The best thing to do/to be done is… 要去做的最好的事情是……
(3)作名词后置定语的动词不定式中的动词须为及物动词，若为不及物动词，须在该动词后加上一个适当的介词。如： I have no pen to write with． 我没有写字用的笔了。 纠错体验
1.He said that he would do everything he could______us. A. help B. helped C.to help D.helping
2.As the light turned green, I stood for a moment,not ______, and asked myself what I was going to do.
A moved B.moving C.to move D.being moved
3.The idea you thought of ______a bridge over the river there sounds reasonable. A. build B. to build C. building D.built
4.Who is it up to______when we will start going there? A.idecide B. to decide C.deciding D. decided
5. ______he stopped to have a rest under a tall tree. A. Tire B. To tire C. Tiring D. Tired
6. When he heard a noise in front of him, he looked forward to______what was happening. A. see B. seeing C. to see D. seen
7.-Hi, Jack. Can you do me a favor?
-Sorry, Mary. I can't help______the job, for I'm very busy now. A. done B. to do C. doing D. did
8. Finding her car stolen, ______. A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searched thoroughly
C.it was looked for everywhere D.she hurried to a-polceman for help
9,-What did Miss Jane come here for just now8? -She said she wanted to see if your clothes needed______. A. wash B. washing C. to wash D. washed
10. Who did Mr. Baker______ the information? A. have check B. have checked C. have to check D. have been checking 11. ______good, the food was soon sold out. A.Tasted B. Being tasted C.Tasting D. Having tasted
12. He had a lot of friends, only a few of ______ invited to his wedding. A.whom B.them C. which D. who
13.lfI catch you ______again, I shall make you______in after school ______ some extra work.
A. cheat; stay; to do B. cheating; stay; to do C. to cheat; to stay; to do D. cheat; stay; doing
14.The officer gave orders that anyone ______a gun should be reported to the police station. A. saw take B. seen taking C. seeing take D. seen taken
15.-Why did the girl spend the.whole day______,______? -Because she failed in the College Entrance Examination. A. locked; weeping B. locking; wept C. to lock; weeping D. being locked; wept
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答案与解析
1．C。有些考生会认为could后面应接动词原形，从而错选A。事实上，“be could”是定语从句“be could do”的省略，其后用不定式作目的状语。因此正确答案为C。
2．B。本题考查非谓语动词。考生很容易选A。以为stood，moved．asked是三个并列的谓语动词。但是谓语动词的否定形式应借助于助动词。所以只能用现在分词moving表示伴随动作。
3.B。有些考生会以为of是介词，后面只能接名词或动词-ing形式，从而错选C。事实上，“you thought of”是修饰“The idea”的定语从句，后面不定式作“The idea”的定语，故正确答案为B。
4.B。有些考生会认为句中to是动词不定式的标志或是介词，从而错选A或C。事实上，句子是对up to sb. to do sth.中的sb.的提问，因此，正确答案为B。
5.D。有些考生会认为tire是主语发出的动作，应该用现在分词形式，从而错选C。事实上，tire意为“使……疲倦”，tiring意为“令人疲倦的”，tired意为“感到疲倦的”。根据句子意思可知，正确答案为D。
6.A。考生认为look forward to后应用动词-ing形式，从而错选B。其实在本题中，look forward意为“朝前看”，后面接不定式表示目的。故正确答案为A。
7.B。有些考生会认为can’thelp后接动词-ing形式，于是错选C。事实上，can’t help doing sth.意为“忍不住做某事”，与句子意思不符，而此处应该接不定式表示“不能帮助做某事”，因此正确答案为B。
8.D。因为句首用作状语的现在分词短语findingher car stolen的逻辑主语应是“她”，而不是a policeman，the area或it,按照英语语法，在通常情况下,非谓语动词用作状语时，它的逻辑主语应与句子主语保持一致，所以最佳答案为D。
9．B。有些考生会认为need后面接动词不定式，因而错选C。事实上，needto do是指主语发出动作，而need doing是指主语承受动作。根据句子语境可知，正确答案为B。 10.A。考生很容易把句子当做完成时而错选B。事实上，本题考查的是have sb. do sth.结构，其中的sb.就是“Who”。正确答案为A。
11.C。考查非谓语动词的用法。smell，taste，sound等感官动词无被动语态，本句完整形式为：Because the food tasted good, the food was soon sold out.
12．B。考生很容易误选A，认为这是非限制性定语从句。最佳答案为B。其实，逗号后面
并不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的invited并不是一个完
整的谓语，而是一个过去分词。当然，假若在invited前加上助动词were，后半句则是一个非限制性定语从句，这时答案便为A了。
13.B。考查非谓语动词的用法。 第一空和第二空分别考查catch sb. doing sth.“抓住某人正在做某事”，make sb. do sth.“使某人做某事”，doing和do分别用作宾补；第三空考查不定式作目的状语。
14．B。考查非谓语动词的用法。此题必须经过几次转换和分析才能确定答案，即（1）分析题干意义和句子结构；（2）seen = who was seen;（3）takihg是由see sb. doing的结构而确定的。
15.A。考查非谓语动词的用法。此题采用反思维定式方法。考生接触最多的是spend time （in）dOing sth．，因而他们容易忽视对句子逻辑的分析，从而错选答案。locked相当于形容词，表示主语度过一整天的状态。weeping是现在分词作伴随状语。
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