倒装句

倒装句+

一、 倒装的概念及分类

1、自然语序与倒装语序。

英语句子通常有两种语序：一种主语在前，谓语在后，称为自然语序；另外一种谓语在前，主语在后，称为倒装语序。

2、倒装有两种：全部倒装和部分倒装。

在倒装语序中，若整个谓语都在主语之前，称为全部倒装；若谓语的一部分（通常是助动词或情态动词）位于主语之前，则称之为部分倒装。例如：

Out went the children. （全部倒装）

Are you still working in that factory? （部分倒装）

3、引起倒装的原因：语法需要和修辞需要

在语法需要时，倒装是必须的，否则会出现语法错误；在修辞需要时，倒装是任意的，目的是为了强调，否则的话，还可以还原成自然语序。例如：

Do you think I could borrow your dictionary?（语法需要）

Little did he care about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself.

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（修辞需要，强调主语he对自己的安全“不在意”，如果不强调这一点，可以用自然语序He cared little about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself.）

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二、因语法需要而引起的倒装

1、多数疑问句都是倒装语序。

一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句多数都是倒装语序。

当主语是疑问词或是被疑问词所修饰的词时，就要用自然语序。例如：

Who is the tallest in your class?

Which team won?

2、there be 句型及其变体用倒装语序。

在there be句型及其变体there live (stand, lie, appear, seem, remain, exist…等)中，按语法需要，谓语动词全部位于主语之前，成为倒装语序。例如：

There is a beautiful lake in the center of our city.

There once lived in the house an old hunter.

3、省去if的虚拟条件从句需用倒装语序。

表示虚拟语气的条件状语从句若省去if时，要将were, had或should置于从句的主语之前。若从句是否定句，否定词留在主语之后。例如：

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Should you be fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.

Were I you, I would go and ask the teacher.

Had it not been for your help, I couldn’t have finished my homework.

4、以so, neither或nor引起的表示和前面意思相同的句子用倒装语序。

在以so（肯定句时）和neither或nor（否定句时）引起的句子如表示和前面的句子所说的情况相同，则用倒装语序。例如：

-- It’s burning hot today, isn’t it? – Yes, so was it yesterday.

-- I would never ever come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible! -- Neither would I.

注释：

“So+主语+助动词或情态动词”意为“确实如此”，表示对

前面所提到信息的肯定。例如：

-- Maggie had a wonderful time at the party. -- So she did, and so did I.

-- Father, you promised! -- Well, so I did. But it was you who didn’t keep your

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word first.

5、在以here, there, now, then等副词开头的句子里，当谓

语动词是be, come, go等词的一般现在时形式，而主语又是名词时，需要用全部倒装。这种用法多见于描述性句子中。例如：

Here are some advertisements about English language training from newspapers.

There goes the bell.

Now comes your turn.

如果句子主语是代词，则不用倒装。如：

Here you are.

Here he comes. (Here comes the bus.)

6、as引导的让步状语从句用倒装语序。

as引导的让步状语从句中被倒装的部分一般分为三种：表语、状语和动词原形。如果表语是单数可数名词，前边的a (或an)要省去。被倒装的动词原形常与may, might, will, would等词连用，而这些词都要保留在原来位置上。此外，这个倒装在句首的动词原形一般多为不及物动词。例如：

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Child as he is, he speaks English well.

Much as I hate him, I will not kill him.

Try as she might, Carolina couldn’t get the door open.

7、直接引语前置，名词作引述句主语时，用倒装语序。

直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首，表示“某人说”（特别是主语是名词而谓语动词部分较短）时常用倒装语序。例如：

“It is just unbelievable!” said a teacher from Hebei province.

现代英语中，如果主语是人称代词，而谓语动词部分较长时，则仍用自然语序。例如：

“I wouldn’t leave her out in the cold!” he said.

“What are you doing?” she asked.

8、某些表示愿望的感叹句用倒装语序。

May our friendship last forever!

Long live the People’s Republic of China!

三、因修辞需要而引起的倒装

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1、only及其所修饰的状语位于句首时用倒装语序。

当only位于句首强调状语部分时，主句要用倒装语序，从句

仍用自然语序。被强调的状语一般为副词（如then等）、介词短语（如in this way等）或状语从句（如when从句等）。例如：

Only then did she realize how much damage had been caused.

Only in this way can we finish our homework in time.

Only when you have done your work, will you be allowed in.

如果only强调的是主语部分，虽然位于句首，句子仍用自然语序。例如：

Only a doctor can do that. Only Tom knows who did it.

2、由否定词never等和含否定意义的短语，如in no time等所引起的句子用倒装语序。

这类否定词和含有否定意义的短语主要有no, not, never, little, hardly, scarcely, barely, not until, neither…nor, not only…but also, no sooner…than, hardly…when, in no time, in no way, by no means（决不）等。例如：

Never shall I do this again. Hardly did I know about it.

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I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means is the teacher satisfied with my progress.

Not only did they bring snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.

They have a good knowledge of English, but little do they know about German.

如果not only…but also等引导的不是句子，而是并列主语，则句子仍用自然语序。例如：

Not only he but also I am going to attend the meeting.

Not only does she sing well, but also she plays the violin well.

Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.

3、当so…that和such…that位于句首时用倒装语序。

so…that和such…that引导状语从句，当这种结构中的so或 such位于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。例如：

So curious were the couple about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.

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So little did they agree with each other that the neighboring countries could not settle their differences.

4、表示地点的介词短语放在句首作状语时，常用全部倒装。

At the foot of the mountain lies a village.

Just in front of our house stands a tall tree.

5、表示时间频率的状语位于句首，且表示强调时，用倒装语序。

常用的频率状语有always, usually, often, now and then, once, many a time, every day, every other day, every few weeks等。 例如：

Often did we warn them not to do so. (若不表示强调时，也可以用自然语序。Often we warned them not to do so.)

Many a time has Mike given me good advice.

6、某些描述情景的句子用倒装语序。

在描述情景时，为了使景象更生动，有时可以把out, off, in, over, away, up, down等作状语的副词放在句首，同时句子用倒装语序。这种句子的谓语动词通常为go, come, rush, fly, fall等表示运动的不及物动词的肯定式的一般现在时或一般过去时形式。

Out ran a group of children.

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The door opened and in came an old woman.

在这类句子中，如果主语是人称代词而不是名词时，应用自然语序。例如：Off he went.

7、有时为了保持句子平衡，而使用倒装语序。

有时为了使句子结构平衡（如句子主语太长等）或为了强调句子的表语、宾语或状语，或为了使上下文衔接得更紧密，也常用倒装语序。例如：

Among the students sat an old man with gray hair.

On top of the books is the photo album you’re looking for.

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倒装句单项选择练习题

1. In the dark forests _____, some large enough to hold several English towns.

A. stand many lakes B. lie many lakes

C. many lakes lie D. many lakes stand

2. Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else _____ such a beautiful palace.

A. can you find B. you could find

C. you can find D. could you find

3. Never before _____ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today.

A. has this city been B. this city has been

C. was this city D. this city was

4. I failed in the final examination last term and only then _____ the importance of studies.

A. I realized

B. I had realized

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C. had I realized D. did I realize

5. Not only _____ interested in football but _____ beginning to show an interest in it.

A. the teacher himself is; all his students are

B. the teacher himself is; are all his students

C. is the teacher himself; are all his students

D. is the teacher himself; all his students are

6. _____ homework did we have to do that we had no time to take a rest.

A. So much B. Too much C. Too little D. So little

7. _____ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Great Wall.

A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will

8. Not until I began to work _____ how much time I had wasted.

A. didn’t I realize B. did I realize

C. I did realize

D. I realized

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9. _____, he managed to finish it on time.

A. The job was hard B. Hard as was the job

C. Hard as the job was D. Hard was the job

10. -- You ought to have given them some advice

-- _____, but who cared what I said.

A. So I should have B. So ought you

C. So did you D. So I do

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